RESUMO

Abstract The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.

Resumo O gênero Dirphia Hübner, [1819] apresenta distribuição Neotropical. Esse gênero, além de causar acidentes de interesse na saúde pública, é uma potencial praga desfolhadora de plantas cultivadas, entre elas o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), cultura de grande importância econômica. Esse estudo descreve a biologia e morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 incluindo a quetotaxia da larva de primeiro instar. O estágio de ovo teve duração média de 15 dias, estágio larval de 45 dias e pupa de 60 dias, totalizando 120 dias em temperatura média de 28,8 °C e 59,5% de umidade relativa. Seis ínstares foram confirmados pela regra de Dyar, com razão de crescimento da cápsula cefálica K = 1,4 vezes a cada ínstar. Os resultados encontrados na quetotaxia do primeiro instar segue o padrão geral conhecido para Hemileucinae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.(AU)

O gênero Dirphia Hübner, [1819] apresenta distribuição Neotropical. Esse gênero, além de causar acidentes de interesse na saúde pública, é uma potencial praga desfolhadora de plantas cultivadas, entre elas o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), cultura de grande importância econômica. Esse estudo descreve a biologia e morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 incluindo a quetotaxia da larva de primeiro instar. O estágio de ovo teve duração média de 15 dias, estágio larval de 45 dias e pupa de 60 dias, totalizando 120 dias em temperatura média de 28,8 °C e 59,5% de umidade relativa. Seis ínstares foram confirmados pela regra de Dyar, com razão de crescimento da cápsula cefálica K = 1,4 vezes a cada ínstar. Os resultados encontrados na quetotaxia do primeiro instar segue o padrão geral conhecido para Hemileucinae.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.

Resumo O gênero Dirphia Hübner, [1819] apresenta distribuição Neotropical. Esse gênero, além de causar acidentes de interesse na saúde pública, é uma potencial praga desfolhadora de plantas cultivadas, entre elas o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), cultura de grande importância econômica. Esse estudo descreve a biologia e morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 incluindo a quetotaxia da larva de primeiro instar. O estágio de ovo teve duração média de 15 dias, estágio larval de 45 dias e pupa de 60 dias, totalizando 120 dias em temperatura média de 28,8 °C e 59,5% de umidade relativa. Seis ínstares foram confirmados pela regra de Dyar, com razão de crescimento da cápsula cefálica K = 1,4 vezes a cada ínstar. Os resultados encontrados na quetotaxia do primeiro instar segue o padrão geral conhecido para Hemileucinae.

RESUMO

Raoultella ornithinolytica is a gram-negative aerobic bacterium belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, an emerging pathogen that causes several pathogenic conditions in man, with little veterinary importance; however, its identification is underestimated by conventional laboratory techniques. The present study reports the identification of R. ornithinolytica in Tinamus solitaries, during a routine sanitary evaluation of aerobic enterobacteria in cloacal microbiota of birds belonging to the Güira Oga Center, Puerto Iguazu, Argentina. The sample was preliminary classified as Klebsiella spp.; however, after the use of the MALDI-TOF MS technique it was identified as R. ornithinolytica. The sample was submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test, where it showed a similar pattern profile as reported in the literature, with resistance to ampicillin and other -lactam antibiotics. It is possible that Raoultella spp are more common in birds as it is reported. Therefore, review studies on bacteria collections of avian origin, as well as cases with confirmation of Klebsiella, should be deeply evaluated in laboratorial routine, mainly due to the pathogenic potential of R. ornithinolytica for Poultry, as well as for public health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Raoultella ornithinolytica is a gram-negative aerobic bacterium belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, an emerging pathogen that causes several pathogenic conditions in man, with little veterinary importance; however, its identification is underestimated by conventional laboratory techniques. The present study reports the identification of R. ornithinolytica in Tinamus solitaries, during a routine sanitary evaluation of aerobic enterobacteria in cloacal microbiota of birds belonging to the Güira Oga Center, Puerto Iguazu, Argentina. The sample was preliminary classified as Klebsiella spp.; however, after the use of the MALDI-TOF MS technique it was identified as R. ornithinolytica. The sample was submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test, where it showed a similar pattern profile as reported in the literature, with resistance to ampicillin and other -lactam antibiotics. It is possible that Raoultella spp are more common in birds as it is reported. Therefore, review studies on bacteria collections of avian origin, as well as cases with confirmation of Klebsiella, should be deeply evaluated in laboratorial routine, mainly due to the pathogenic potential of R. ornithinolytica for Poultry, as well as for public health.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The northern region of Minas Gerais has limited milk production, mainly due to drought, however, this is the economic base of family agriculture that sustains the region. Thus, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the thermal environment on the physiological responses of Holstein-Zebu cows in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais in order to verify the adaptability of these animals. The experiment was conducted in the summer and winter at the Bela Vista farm located in the Verdelândia city (MG), where 10 cows ¾ Holstein x Zebu (HxZ) were evaluated in each season. The thermal environment was characterized by means of daily measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, air temperature index and humidity and radiant thermal load. The physiological parameters: respiratory and heart rate, body surface temperature and rectal temperature, thickness, hair color and density, and hair length were measured before morning milking, as a function of the seasons of the year for 15 days. Climatic variables and indexes were higher in the summer and in the afternoon. The respiratory rate and the pelt thickness did not differ statistically, however the other variables were higher in the summer.Climatic variables induced differences in the physiological parameters, but were assimilated by the animals, which leads to the conclusion that ¾ HxZ cows adapt to the climate of the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais without showing a situation of thermal stress.

A região Norte de Minas possui a produção de leite limitada, principalmente em função da seca, no entanto, esta é a base econômica da agricultura familiar que sustenta a região. Assim, realizou-se um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ambiente térmico sobre as respostas fisiológicas de vacas ¾ Holandês-Zebu, na região do semiárido mineiro a fim de se verificar a adaptabilidade destes animais. O experimento foi conduzido no verão e inverno, na fazenda Bela Vista localizada no município de Verdelândia (MG), onde foram avaliadas 10 vacas ¾ Holandês x Zebu (HxZ), em cada época. O ambiente térmico foi caracterizado por meio de medições diárias da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e carga térmica radiante. Os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura de superfície corporal e temperatura retal, espessura, cor e densidade do pelame, e comprimento dos pelos foram mensurados antes da ordenha matutina, em função das estações do ano, diariamente, durante 15 dias. As variáveis e índices climáticos foram superiores no verão e no período da tarde. A frequência respiratória e a espessura do pelame não diferiram estatisticamente, no entanto as demais variáveis foram superiores no verão. As variáveis climáticas induziram diferenças nos parâmetros fisiológicos, mas foram assimiladas pelos animais, o que permite concluir que as vacas ¾ HxZ adaptam-se ao clima do semiárido mineiro sem manifestarem situação de estresse térmico.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The northern region of Minas Gerais has limited milk production, mainly due to drought, however, this is the economic base of family agriculture that sustains the region. Thus, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the thermal environment on the physiological responses of Holstein-Zebu cows in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais in order to verify the adaptability of these animals. The experiment was conducted in the summer and winter at the Bela Vista farm located in the Verdelândia city (MG), where 10 cows ¾ Holstein x Zebu (HxZ) were evaluated in each season. The thermal environment was characterized by means of daily measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, air temperature index and humidity and radiant thermal load. The physiological parameters: respiratory and heart rate, body surface temperature and rectal temperature, thickness, hair color and density, and hair length were measured before morning milking, as a function of the seasons of the year for 15 days. Climatic variables and indexes were higher in the summer and in the afternoon. The respiratory rate and the pelt thickness did not differ statistically, however the other variables were higher in the summer.Climatic variables induced differences in the physiological parameters, but were assimilated by the animals, which leads to the conclusion that ¾ HxZ cows adapt to the climate of the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais without showing a situation of thermal stress.(AU)

A região Norte de Minas possui a produção de leite limitada, principalmente em função da seca, no entanto, esta é a base econômica da agricultura familiar que sustenta a região. Assim, realizou-se um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ambiente térmico sobre as respostas fisiológicas de vacas ¾ Holandês-Zebu, na região do semiárido mineiro a fim de se verificar a adaptabilidade destes animais. O experimento foi conduzido no verão e inverno, na fazenda Bela Vista localizada no município de Verdelândia (MG), onde foram avaliadas 10 vacas ¾ Holandês x Zebu (HxZ), em cada época. O ambiente térmico foi caracterizado por meio de medições diárias da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e carga térmica radiante. Os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura de superfície corporal e temperatura retal, espessura, cor e densidade do pelame, e comprimento dos pelos foram mensurados antes da ordenha matutina, em função das estações do ano, diariamente, durante 15 dias. As variáveis e índices climáticos foram superiores no verão e no período da tarde. A frequência respiratória e a espessura do pelame não diferiram estatisticamente, no entanto as demais variáveis foram superiores no verão. As variáveis climáticas induziram diferenças nos parâmetros fisiológicos, mas foram assimiladas pelos animais, o que permite concluir que as vacas ¾ HxZ adaptam-se ao clima do semiárido mineiro sem manifestarem situação de estresse térmico.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.

Resumo O gênero Dirphia Hübner, [1819] apresenta distribuição Neotropical. Esse gênero, além de causar acidentes de interesse na saúde pública, é uma potencial praga desfolhadora de plantas cultivadas, entre elas o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), cultura de grande importância econômica. Esse estudo descreve a biologia e morfologia externa dos estágios imaturos de Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 incluindo a quetotaxia da larva de primeiro instar. O estágio de ovo teve duração média de 15 dias, estágio larval de 45 dias e pupa de 60 dias, totalizando 120 dias em temperatura média de 28,8 °C e 59,5% de umidade relativa. Seis ínstares foram confirmados pela regra de Dyar, com razão de crescimento da cápsula cefálica K = 1,4 vezes a cada ínstar. Os resultados encontrados na quetotaxia do primeiro instar segue o padrão geral conhecido para Hemileucinae.

RESUMO

Due to the constant evolution of industrial poultry production and the global emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics there has been an increasing interest in alternatives for the treatment of poultry salmonellosis, such as phage therapy and probiotics. The present study evaluated the effects of the oral administration of the bacteriophage P22 and of a probiotic, consisting of four Lactobacillus species, on the level of circulating heterophils containing a superoxide anion of one-day-old broilers challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium for seven days. It was concluded that the treatment with a probiotic with lactobacilli of broilers experimentally infected with Salmonella spp eliminates this pathogen by increasing the circulating levels of reactive heterophils. When chicks are treated with a probiotic and a bacteriophage, the agent is eliminated with no changes in circulating reactive heterophil counts. It is also concluded that the heterophils of day-old chicks are not capable of producing superoxide anion. However, this capacity is detected after 48 h of life, indicating that heterophils mature as birds age.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The uncertainty of aflatoxin M(1) concentration in milk, determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with visual and densitometric quantification of the fluorescence intensities of the spots, was estimated using the cause-and-effect approach proposed by ISO GUM (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement) following its main four steps. The sources of uncertainties due to volume measurements, visual and densitometric TLC calibration curve, allowed range for recovery variation and intermediary precision to be taken into account in the uncertainty budget. For volume measurements the sources of uncertainties due to calibration, resolution, laboratory temperature variation and repeatability were considered. For the quantification by visual readings of the intensity of the aflatoxin M(1) in the TLC the uncertainty arising from resolution calibration curves was modelled based on the intervals of concentrations between pairs of the calibration standard solutions. The uncertainty of the densitometric TLC quantification arising from the calibration curve was obtained by weighted least square (WLS) regression. Finally, the repeatability uncertainty of the densitometric peak areas or of the visual readings for the test sample solutions was considered. For the test samples with aflatoxin M(1) concentration between 0.02 and 0.5 µg l(-1), the relative expanded uncertainties, with approximately 95% of coverage probability, obtained for visual TLC readings were between 60% and 130% of the values predicted by the Horwitz model. For the densitometric TLC determination they were about 20% lower. The main sources of uncertainties in both visual and densitometric TLC quantification were the intermediary precision, calibration curve and recovery. The main source of uncertainty in the calibration curve in the visual TLC analysis was due to the resolution of the visual readings, whereas in the densitometric analysis it was due to the peak areas of test sample solutions followed by the intercept and slope uncertainties of the calibration line.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A total of 230 samples of processed rice and its sub-products or derived products were analysed to establish the co-occurrence of several mycotoxins. Samples were analysed in the period 2007-2009 due to the outbreak of beriberi associated with the consumption of rice stored in inappropriate conditions in Brazil. According to data from the Ministry of Health, 323 cases of disease were registered in 2006, of which at least 47 cases resulted in death. The occurrence of total aflatoxin (AFT) (aflatoxin B(1) + B(2) + G(1) + G(2)), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON), and citreoviridin (CTV) was 58.7%, 40.0%, 45.2%, 8.3% and 22.5%, respectively. From 166 rice samples analysed, 55% had levels <0.11 µg kg(-1) for AFT. For OTA and ZON, of 165 rice samples analysed, 28% and 29% were contaminated with levels from 0.20 to 0.24 µg kg(-1) and from 3.6 to 290.0 µg kg(-1), respectively. One sample (0.6%) was contaminated with 4872.0 µg kg(-1) of ZON. A total of 91% of rice samples (n = 165) did not contain detectable DON (<30.00 µg kg(-1)), although the highest level of contamination was found to be 244 µg kg(-1). From the total of 65 samples analysed, 94% had no detectable CTV (<0.9 µg kg(-1)), with a range from 0.9 to 31.1 µg kg(-1) in 6% of the samples. The highest levels of contamination were found in rice sub-products or derived products from the husk and rice bran. Co-occurrence was observed for AFT and ZON in 17.0%, AFT and OTA in 24.2%, AFT and CTV in 6.2%, OTA and CTV in 4.6%, and ZON and CTV in 3.1%. These fractions were also the major contributors for the co-occurrence. The results found show the necessity of monitoring rice production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente estudo avaliou a susceptibilidade de amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de quadros de colissepticemia aviária da região centro-oeste paulista pelo Laboratório de Ornitopatologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. Constatou-se um grande número de amostras multirresistentes aos antibióticos testados, onde as drogas menos efetivas foram sulfonamida e tetraciclina. Todas as amostras mostraram-se sensíveis a norfloxacina e gentamicina.

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli samples isolated from poultry with colisepticemia in midwestern São Paulo State at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. A large number of samples were found that were multi-resistant to the antibiotics tested, the less effective drugs being sulfonamide and tetracycline. All samples were susceptible to norfloxacin and gentamicin.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, we analyzed whether transplantation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mitigates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. First, we observed that the transgene expression lasts longer (45 vs 7 days) when fibroblasts are used as vectors compared with myoblasts. In a preventive protocol, induction of cardiac neovascularization accompanied by reduction in myocardial scar area was observed when cell transplantation was performed 1 week before ischemia/reperfusion and the animals analyzed 3 weeks later. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of this approach was tested injecting cells in a fibrin biopolymer, to increase cardiac retention, 24 h post-MI. After 4 weeks, an increase in neovascularization and a decrease in myocardial collagen were observed only in rats that received cells expressing VEGF. Basal indirect or direct hemodynamic measurements showed no differences among the groups whereas under pharmacological stress, only the group that received cells expressing VEGF showed a significant reduction in end-diastolic pressure and improvement in stroke volume and cardiac work. These results indicate that transplantation of CFs expressing VEGF using fibrin biopolymer induces neovascularization and attenuates left ventricle fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in ischemic heart.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A Anta brasileira é um mamífero da família Tapiridae que pertence à ordem Perissodactyla, a qual também pertence às famílias Rhinocerotidae e Equidae. A manutenção de tapirídeos em criadouros e zoológicos é comum em toda a América do Sul, mas apesar desse fato, informações a respeito de sua criação, reprodução e doenças em cativeiro não estão facilmente disponíveis. O presente artigo relata a ocorrência de enterolitíase obstrutiva em um exemplar macho de dez anos de idade, devido a ingestão acidental de uma corda vegetal, diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da FMVZ-UNESP/Boptucatu-SP.

The Brazilian tapir is a mammal of the Tapiridae family that belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which also includes the families Rhinocerotidae and Equidae. The presence of tapirines in zoo is common in all South America, but information regarding management conditions, reproduction and diseases in captivity are not available. This article reports the occurrence of obstructive enterolithiasis in a male with ten years old due to accidental consumption of a vegetal rope, diagnosed in Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the FMVZ-UNESP/ Botucatu-SP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli samples isolated from poultry with colisepticemia in midwestern São Paulo State at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. A large number of samples were found that were multi-resistant to the antibiotics tested, the less effective drugs being sulfonamide and tetracycline. All samples were susceptible to norfloxacin and gentamicin.

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou a susceptibilidade de amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de quadros de colissepticemia aviária da região centro-oeste paulista pelo Laboratório de Ornitopatologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. Constatou-se um grande número de amostras multirresistentes aos antibióticos testados, onde as drogas menos efetivas foram sulfonamida e tetraciclina. Todas as amostras mostraram-se sensíveis a norfloxacina e gentamicina.

RESUMO

A Anta brasileira é um mamífero da família Tapiridae que pertence à ordem Perissodactyla, a qual também pertence às famílias Rhinocerotidae e Equidae. A manutenção de tapirídeos em criadouros e zoológicos é comum em toda a América do Sul, mas apesar desse fato, informações a respeito de sua criação, reprodução e doenças em cativeiro não estão facilmente disponíveis. O presente artigo relata a ocorrência de enterolitíase obstrutiva em um exemplar macho de dez anos de idade devido a ingestão acidental de uma corda vegetal diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da FMVZ-UNESP/Boptucatu-SP.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of potentially zoonotic intestinal protozoan infections in exotic and wildlife Brazilian birds. Fecal samples from 207 birds of 45 species were examined. Infections by Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp., and Blastocystis sp. were observed in 17 individuals (8.2%) of Gnorimopsar chopi, Oryzoborus angolensis, Sporophila caerulescens, Ramphastos toco, Aratinga leucophtalmus, and Pavo cristatus.

Assuntos