RESUMO
Hypertension in pregnancy is an emerging sex-specific risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may lead to more severe hypertension after pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency of pregnancy-related hypertension among patients referred to a hypertension clinic and its association with the severity of hypertension and evidence of end-organ damage. In this cross-sectional study, women with hypertension were submitted to a systematic clinical evaluation. The occurrence of pregnancy-related hypertension was investigated by questionnaire. The association between pregnancy-related hypertension and severity of hypertension (stage 2 according to Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII)) and end-organ damage was assessed in a logistic regression model. The mean age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the 768 women examined were 51.6+/-12.7 years, 158.2+/-26.6 mm Hg, 93.8+/-14.3 mm Hg and 29.4+/-5.6 kg/m(2), respectively. The proportion of women with pregnancy-related hypertension was 32.9%. It was significantly associated with hypertension at stage 2 (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.14-2.24; P=0.01) after controlling for confounders. The occurrence of a pregnancy-related hypertension was not associated with evidence of optic fundi abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy or abnormalities in kidney function. In conclusion, pregnancy-related hypertension is frequent in women referred to a hypertension clinic, and is associated with severe hypertension but not with evidence of end-organ damage.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Oftalmopatias/etiologia , Oftalmopatias/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Nefropatias/etiologia , Nefropatias/fisiopatologia , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Gravidez , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Utilizaram-se 42 bezerros da raça Holandesa para avaliação do consumo de mistura mineral (MM), até os 60 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos conforme o sucedâneo fornecido: grupo soro/leite + MM (SLMM); grupo soro + MM (SMM); e grupo soja/leite + MM (SOMM). Os animais receberam concentrado, feno, MM e água à vontade. A avaliação do ganho de peso foi feita semanalmente. A concentração de glicose plasmática foi medida aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de vida, antes do fornecimento da dieta, e às 3, 6 e 9 horas após a primeira refeição. Realizaram-se hemogramas semanais para avaliações clínicas. Aos 30 e aos 60 dias, colheram-se sangue e urina de cinco animais de cada grupo, os quais foram sacrificados para obtenção de fragmentos do fígado, para análises de minerais. Os animais do grupo SMM apresentaram menores consumos de concentrado e matéria seca total (MST) entre a sexta e oitava semanas (P<0,05), com consumo de concentrado de 674,72; 1.080,02 e 1.223,65g/a/d e consumo de MST de 699,33; 1.134,31 e 1.287,84g/a/d, para os animais dos grupos SMM, SLMM e SOMM, respectivamente. No consumo de feno, houve interação grupos versus semanas (P<0,05). O ganho de peso foi maior nos animais do grupo SOMM, 2,18kg/a/d que nos do grupo SMM, 1,13kg/a/d (P<0,05). O consumo médio da MM no primeiro mês foi de 9,00g/a/d e da quinta a oitava semanas foi 4,62g/a/d. A concentração de glicose plasmática foi diferente entre as idades e os tempos (P<0,05).(AU)
Forty-two Holstein calves were used to evaluate the mineral supplement (MS) intake up to 60-day-old. The calves were divided into three groups, according to the milk replacer: whey/milk + MS (WMMS); whey + MS (WMS) and soy/milk + MS (SMMS). Commercial calf starter, hay, MS and water were offered "ad libitum", and the intake was measured daily. Body weight was monitored once a week and blood glucose levels were quantified on 14, 21 and 28-day-old and also before the supply of the diets, 3, 6 and 9 hours after feeding. Blood samples were collected weekly for blood count. On 30 and 60-day-old, five calves of each group had blood and urine samples collected for serum copper determination. After then, the animals were slaughtered and liver fragments were analyzed for minerals contents. It was found that between the sixth and eighth weeks, the calves from WMS group decreased the intake (P<0.05) of starter 674.72g/day and total dry matter (TDM) 699.33 when compared to the calves from WMMS and SMMS groups, which consumed an average of 1,080.02 and 1,223.65g/day of concentrate and 1,134.31 and 1,287.84g/day of TDM respectively. Animals from SMMS group presented higher weight gain (2.18kg/week) than MMS ones (1.13kg/week; P<0.05). The intake mean of MM in the first month was 9.00g/a/d and after the first month was 4.62g/a/d. Blood glucose levels were different among ages and times after feeding (P<0.05).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Lactente , Bovinos , Aumento de Peso , Suplementos Nutricionais , Substitutos do Leite/administração & dosagem , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/sangueRESUMO
Utilizaram-se 42 bezerros da raça Holandesa para avaliação do consumo de mistura mineral (MM), até os 60 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos conforme o sucedâneo fornecido: grupo soro/leite + MM (SLMM); grupo soro + MM (SMM); e grupo soja/leite + MM (SOMM). Os animais receberam concentrado, feno, MM e água à vontade. A avaliação do ganho de peso foi feita semanalmente. A concentração de glicose plasmática foi medida aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de vida, antes do fornecimento da dieta, e às 3, 6 e 9 horas após a primeira refeição. Realizaram-se hemogramas semanais para avaliações clínicas. Aos 30 e aos 60 dias, colheram-se sangue e urina de cinco animais de cada grupo, os quais foram sacrificados para obtenção de fragmentos do fígado, para análises de minerais. Os animais do grupo SMM apresentaram menores consumos de concentrado e matéria seca total (MST) entre a sexta e oitava semanas (P<0,05), com consumo de concentrado de 674,72; 1.080,02 e 1.223,65g/a/d e consumo de MST de 699,33; 1.134,31 e 1.287,84g/a/d, para os animais dos grupos SMM, SLMM e SOMM, respectivamente. No consumo de feno, houve interação grupos versus semanas (P<0,05). O ganho de peso foi maior nos animais do grupo SOMM, 2,18kg/a/d que nos do grupo SMM, 1,13kg/a/d (P<0,05). O consumo médio da MM no primeiro mês foi de 9,00g/a/d e da quinta a oitava semanas foi 4,62g/a/d. A concentração de glicose plasmática foi diferente entre as idades e os tempos (P<0,05).
Forty-two Holstein calves were used to evaluate the mineral supplement (MS) intake up to 60-day-old. The calves were divided into three groups, according to the milk replacer: whey/milk + MS (WMMS); whey + MS (WMS) and soy/milk + MS (SMMS). Commercial calf starter, hay, MS and water were offered "ad libitum", and the intake was measured daily. Body weight was monitored once a week and blood glucose levels were quantified on 14, 21 and 28-day-old and also before the supply of the diets, 3, 6 and 9 hours after feeding. Blood samples were collected weekly for blood count. On 30 and 60-day-old, five calves of each group had blood and urine samples collected for serum copper determination. After then, the animals were slaughtered and liver fragments were analyzed for minerals contents. It was found that between the sixth and eighth weeks, the calves from WMS group decreased the intake (P<0.05) of starter 674.72g/day and total dry matter (TDM) 699.33 when compared to the calves from WMMS and SMMS groups, which consumed an average of 1,080.02 and 1,223.65g/day of concentrate and 1,134.31 and 1,287.84g/day of TDM respectively. Animals from SMMS group presented higher weight gain (2.18kg/week) than MMS ones (1.13kg/week; P<0.05). The intake mean of MM in the first month was 9.00g/a/d and after the first month was 4.62g/a/d. Blood glucose levels were different among ages and times after feeding (P<0.05).