RESUMO
Bovines infected by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) are characterized by presenting low proviral load (LPL) or high proviral load (HPL). It is reported that animals with HPL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) present a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in viability and the proliferation rate, while animals that maintain an LPL have an intrinsic ability to control the infection, presenting an increased apoptosis rate of their PBMCs. However, there is little information on the effect of BLV on these mechanisms when the virus infects somatic milk cells (SC). This study investigates the mechanisms underlying apoptosis in milk and blood from BLV-infected animals with HPL and LPL. Relative levels of mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor 1 (TNF-RI), TNF receptor 2 (TNF-RII), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) were measured in SC and PBMCs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. A significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α in SC from HPL animals vs non-infected bovines was observed, but the infection in SC with BLV did not show a modulation on the expression of TNF receptors. A significant increase in TNF-RI expression in PBMCs from HPL bovines compared to LPL bovines was observed. No significant differences in PBMCs between HPL and LPL compared to non-infected animals concerning TNF-α, TNF-RI, and TNF-RII expression were found. There was a significant increase of both Bcl-2 and Bax in SC from LPL compared to non-infected bovines, but the Bcl-2/Bax ratio showed an anti-apoptotic profile in LPL and HPL bovines compared to non-infected ones. Reduced mRNA expression levels of Bax were determined in the PBMCs from HPL compared to LPL subjects. In contrast, BLV-infected bovines did not differ significantly in the mRNA expression of Bax compared to non-infected bovines. Our data suggest that the increased mRNA expression of Bax corresponds to the late lactation state of bovine evaluated and the exacerbated increase of mRNA expression of Bcl-2 may be one of the mechanisms for the negative apoptosis regulation in the mammary gland induced by BLV infection. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of mammary cell death in HPL and LPL BLV-infected bovine mammary gland cells during lactation.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Apoptose , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leite , Provírus/genética , Provírus/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El personal de enfermería se enfrenta cotidianamente a diferentes eventos asociados al estrés, factores psicosociales y otros mecanismos que afectan su salud mental. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre la demanda psicológica, el control laboral, el apoyo social, el estrés psicológico, y las dimensiones del Síndrome de Burnout (ilusión por el trabajo, desgaste psíquico, indolencia y culpa), en un modelo de trayectorias en enfermeras mexicanas. Metodología: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico, conducido en 357 profesionales de enfermería de Morelos, México, seleccionados por conveniencia. Los datos fueron colectados empleando tres cuestionarios, la Escala de Estrés Percibido, el Cuestionario del Contenido del Trabajo y el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo. Los programas SPSS 19 y LISREL 8.3 fueron empleados para el procesamiento y modelaje de los datos. Resultados: En el modelo de trayectorias, se especificó como variable mediadora de los factores psicosociales y de las dimensiones del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT), al estrés psicológico. Los índices de ajuste fueron aceptables. Se encontraron altos niveles de apoyo social, control laboral e ilusión por el trabajo; grados moderados de demanda psicológica y estrés psicológico; y bajos niveles de desgaste psíquico, indolencia y culpa. Conclusión: Implicaciones para la disciplina, se propone implementar estrategias de intervención efectivas para mantener en el personal de enfermería bajos niveles de demandas psicológicas, altos niveles de control laboral, altos niveles de apoyo social, y niveles moderados de estrés, para prevenir, el SQT.
Abstract Introduction: Nurses frequently face different events associated with stress, psychosocial factors, and other issues which have impacts on their mental health. Objective: To assess the correlation between psychological demand, work control, social support, psychological stress, and burnout dimensions (illusion for the activity, psychic wear, indolence, guilt), within a model of trajectories among Mexican nurses. Methodology: This is a transversal, observational, and analytical study conducted on a convenience sample of 357 nursing professionals from the state of Morelos, Mexico. Data were gathered using three questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Job Content Questionnaire, y el Maslach Burnout Inventory. SPSS 19 and LISREL 8.3 were used to process and model the data. Results: Psychological Stress was specified as the mediating variable of the psychosocial factors and dimensions of burnout within the model of trajectories. Adjustment indexes were acceptable. High levels of social support, work control, and illusion for the activity were found. Moderate degrees of psychological demand and psychological stress were found. Low levels of psychic wear, indolence, and guilt were found. Conclusion: It is recommended to implement effective intervention strategies to maintain nursing personnel within low levels of psychological demand, high levels of work control, high levels of social support, and moderate levels of stress, all these in order to prevent the Syndrome of Burnout.
Resumo Introdução: O pessoal de enfermagem se enfrenta cotidianamente a diferentes eventos associados ao estresse, fatores psicossociais e outros mecanismos que afetam sua saúde mental. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a demanda psicológica, o controle laboral, o apoio social, o estresse psicológico, e as dimensões e da Síndrome de Burnout (ilusão pelo trabalho, desgaste psíquico, indolência e culpa), em um modelo de trajetórias em enfermeiras mexicanas. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, observacional, analítico, conduzido em 357 profissionais de enfermagem de Morelos, México, selecionados por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados empregando três questionários, a Escala de Estresse Percebido, o Questionário do Conteúdo do Trabalho e o Questionário para a Avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout no Trabalho. Os programas SPSS 19 e LISREL 8.3 foram empregados para o processamento e modelagem dos dados. Resultados: No modelo de trajetórias, especificou-se como variável mediadora dos fatores psicossociais e das dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout no Trabalho (SQT), ao estresse psicológico. Os índices de ajuste foram aceitáveis. Encontraram-se altos níveis de apoio social, controle laboral e ilusão pelo trabalho; graus moderados de demanda psicológica e estresse psicológico; e baixos níveis de desgaste psíquico, indolência e culpa. Conclusão: Implicações para a disciplina, propõe-se implementar estratégias de intervenção efetivas para manter no pessoal de enfermagem baixos níveis de demandas psicológicas, altos níveis de controle laboral, altos níveis de apoio social, e níveis moderados de estresse, para prevenir, o SQT.
RESUMO
Discovery, characterisation and use of novel yeast strains for winemaking is increasingly regarded as a way for improving quality and to provide variation, including subtle characteristic differences in fine wines. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of a native apiculate strain, selected from grapes, Hanseniaspora vineae (H. vineae) 02/5A. Fermentations were done in triplicate, working with 225 L oak barrels, using a Chardonnay grape must. Three yeast fermentation strategies were compared: conventional inoculation with a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, ALG 804, sequential inoculation with H. vineae and then strain ALG 804 and spontaneous fermentation. Yeast strain identification was performed during fermentation, in which the apiculate strain was found to be active, until 9% of alcohol in volume, for the co-fermentation and the spontaneous fermentation was completed by three native S. cerevisiae strains. Basic winemaking parameters and some key chemical analysis, such as concentration of glycerol, biogenic amines, organic acids, and aroma compounds were analysed. Sensory analysis was done using a trained panel and further evaluated with professional winemakers. Sequential inoculation with H. vineae followed by S. cerevisiae resulted in relatively dry wines, with increased aroma and flavour diversity compared with wines resulting from inoculation with S. cerevisiae alone. Wines produced from sequential inoculations were considered, by a winemaker's panel, to have an increased palate length and body. Characteristics of wines derived from sequential inoculation could be explained due to significant increases in glycerol and acetyl and ethyl ester flavour compounds and relative decreases in alcohols and fatty acids. Aroma sensory analysis of wine character and flavour, attributed to winemaking using H. vineae, indicated a significant increase in fruit intensity described as banana, pear, apple, citric fruits and guava. GC analysis of the relative accumulation of 23 compounds to significantly different concentrations for the three fermentation strategies is discussed in relation to aroma compound composition.
Assuntos
Aromatizantes/análise , Hanseniaspora/metabolismo , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Vitis/microbiologia , Vinho/análise , Fermentação , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , Humanos , Odorantes/análise , Paladar , Vitis/química , Vinho/microbiologiaRESUMO
Effect of transition metal oxides (TM=Co and Ni) co-doping on the crystallinity, surface morphology, grain growth and magnetic properties of nanostructure Al:ZnO thin films has been studied for diluted magnetic semiconductor applications. Al:ZnO thin films were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating on p-type Si (100) substrates. Fabrication of hexagonal wurtzite TM co-doped Al:ZnO thin films having thickness 2µm was successfully achieved. The Raman spectra of the TM co-doped Al:ZnO thin films showed a broad vibrational mode in the range 520-540cm(-1) due to crystal defects created co-doping elements in the ZnO host lattice. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the films are composed of uniform size, polycrystalline dense ZnO particles with defect free, smooth surfaces. The surface roughness was further verified with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDX) confirmed the stoichiometric compositions of the TM co-doped Al:ZnO films. The magnetic measurements exhibited that the Co, Al:ZnO and Ni, Al:ZnO thin films were ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Assuntos
Alumínio/química , Cobalto/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Níquel/química , Semicondutores , Óxido de Zinco/química , Cristalização , Imãs/química , Nanoestruturas/ultraestrutura , Transição de Fase , Análise Espectral Raman , Propriedades de Superfície , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Casiopeinas is the generic name of a group of coordination complexes with a central copper atom bound to organic ligands, designed to be an alternative to cancer therapy. Indeed, some of these compounds can reduce implanted tumors in mice. Casiopeinas were expressly designed to interact with the genetic material, so the aim of the present work is to determine if these compounds have genotoxic activity. The results indicate that casiopeinas produce DNA fragmentation and base oxidation and suggest that their mode of action is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after copper reduction.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Cobre/toxicidade , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Ensaio Cometa , Cobre/química , Reparo do DNA , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Oxirredução , Plasmídeos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A novel topical ophthalmic formulation of the preferential COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam has recently been developed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this novel 0.03% meloxicam solution with regard to a reference 0.1% diclofenac formulation in a prospective, parallel, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study. Two groups of patients submitted to phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were formed. Patients in one group were treated with meloxicam and those in the other group with diclofenac. Dosing was 1 drop t.i.d. for 30 days, beginning the first day after surgery, for both treatments. Inflammation was assessed by the presence of cells in the anterior chamber, anterior chamber flare, ciliary flush, photophobia and pain. Both treatments significantly reduced these indicators. Topical meloxicam and diclofenac produced a similar degree of burning sensation and conjunctival hyperemia. There was no significant difference between treatments in any of the measured parameters. It is concluded that the novel meloxicam solution is effective and safe. Meloxicam, however, did not offer any significant benefit over the diclofenac formulation in patients submitted to cataract surgery.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Diclofenaco/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Tiazinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Idoso , Câmara Anterior/metabolismo , Câmara Anterior/patologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/etiologia , Implante de Lente Intraocular/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Meloxicam , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções Oftálmicas , Facoemulsificação/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Tiazinas/efeitos adversos , Tiazóis/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to determine in adolescents the relationship between insulin levels and body mass index (BMI), body fat distribution, diet, life style and lipid profile. We studied 167 adolescents (68 boys and 99 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years. A detailed medical (including pubertal stage) and nutritional record was obtained from each subject. Biochemical measurements included fasting serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. HOMA insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA beta-cell function (beta-cell) were calculated. Insulin levels were over 84 pmol/L (cut off normal value in our lab) in 56 per cent of the boys and 43 per cent of the girls. Thirty-seven percent of lean adolescents whose BMI was 21.5 +/- 1.9 kg/m2 presented higher fasting insulin levels. HOMA IR, Tg, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values when compared to a lean normoinsulinemic group. Insulin levels were correlated (p < 0.01) with body mass index. Both boys and girls in the highest BMI quartile (BMI > 24 kg/m2) had significantly higher serum insulin, HOMA beta-cell, and Tg levels, and the lowest HDL-C levels. A high-energy intake rich in saturated fat and low physical activity were found in this lean but metabolically altered adolescents. We conclude that even with a BMI as low as 21 kg/m2 an inappropriate diet and low physical activity might be responsible for the high insulin levels and dislipidemias in adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Magreza/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Pressão Arterial , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Estilo de Vida , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipídeos/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome Metabólica/sangueRESUMO
With the purpose of determining how certain risk factors for type 2 diabetes such as family history of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, affect the glucose-insulin response to a glucose challenge, 135 individuals (77 women and 58) men were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-68 years, their basal glycemic values were less than 110 mg/dL but they were considered at risk for diabetes due to the presence of one or more of those factors. We found that the presence of those risk factors did not affect the glycemic response in any case. However, the basal insulin levels as well as the post-challenge values were increased significantly (p < 0.0001) by the presence of obesity in men as well as in women. Dyslipidemia increased the basal and post challenge glucose insulin values only in men (p < 0.002). The coexistence of obesity and family history of diabetes provoked a decrease in the basal insulin levels as well as in the insulin response to glucose. We conclude that, without alteration of the glycemic response, the presence of risk factors as obesity, dyslipidemia or family history of diabetes leads to basal hyperinsulinemia, as well as glucose stimulated hyperinsulinemia, however the coexistence of obesity and family history of diabetes, is responsible for a deficit in the insulin secretion by the pancreas.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hiperinsulinismo/epidemiologia , Insulina/análise , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Glucose , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/diagnóstico , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Estado Pré-Diabético/genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin action are familial and predictive of Type 2 diabetes onset. Since high levels of insulin are characteristic of our general (venezuelan)hispanic population, the purpose of this investigation was to identify early metabolic defects in a group of healthy first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients. We studied 46 (29 women and 17 men; ages ranging 18-66 y) first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients comparing them with 22 (12 women and 10 men; ages ranging 22-60 y) subjects who had no family history of diabetes. All subjects underwent resting blood pressure and anthropometric measurements; a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with determination of glucose and insulin and a fasting lipid profile. The relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients had higher tricipital (TC) and subscapular (SC) skinfolds, and elevated DBP in relation to the control group. The skinfolds elevation was more evident in women, while in men the elevation in DBP predominates. None of the relatives had glucose intolerance, however, the glucose-stimulated insulin response was elevated at all points in men as well as in women. No difference was observed in the HOMA values for IR and beta cell function, or in the delta I30/delta G30 ratio. The lipid profile showed a marked elevation in TG levels in men as well as in women, with low HDL-C values in men. No other lipid abnormalities were observed. Correlation analysis revealed strong association between BMI and WHR with skinfolds and several parameters of the carbohydrate metabolism in women, but not in men. IR in women was possitively associated with skinfolds, SBP and lipid parameters and beta cell function with VLDL-C. Adult relatives of Type 2 diabetic venezuelan patients from hispanic origin had, early in their lives, several parameters of the metabolic syndrome as hyperinsulinemia, obesity, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. These alterations were more prominent in women, group in which the association among BMI, WHR and IR were statistically significant respect to SBP, DBP, basal insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, TG and HDL-C.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Saúde da Família , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Estado Pré-Diabético/genética , Adulto , Idade de Início , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/epidemiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/etnologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etnologia , Hipertensão/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/etnologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Incidência , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etnologia , Obesidade/genética , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/etnologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study reports a 7-y-old boy with severe hypertriglyceridaemia who was successfully treated for 6 y with a low glycaemic index-high carbohydrate modified-lipid diet that produced beneficial changes in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. It is suggested that a selection of a complex digestible carbohydrate and an adequate ratio between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat may, in the long term, favourably improve the lipid profile.
Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/uso terapêutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/dietoterapia , Criança , Dieta Aterogênica , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/diagnóstico , Hipertrigliceridemia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In this investigations, was carried out a neurocysticercosis (NC) prevalence study during seven months in the Instituto Neurológico de Antioquia with the purpose of known neurocysticercosis frequency as cause of epilepsy in patients older than ten years that we attended in our institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computerized tomographies (CT) were made to 503 patients, with epilepsy, 24.7% of them were CT positive for NC. Cysticercosis enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) test were made to 178 patients, 19.6% were EITB positive for NC and 5% ELISA positive for NC. Results. From this result it is possible to infer that about 8% of the 503 patients with epilepsy had cysticercosis, according to EITB that is the golden assay for NC. The CT and ELISA test had 94.3% and 27.7% sensitivity, respectively, according to EITB. The specificity of the CT for NC was 49.2% and specificity for ELISA test was 100% as compared to EITB. The multivariate analysis with logistic regression allowed to establish association of positive EITB with factors such as male sex, eating pork, headaches and multiple lesions in CT. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and education actions are necessary for the interruption of the neurocysticercosis transmission chain in order to diminish the high prevalence of epilepsy in the country and its complication and consequences.
Assuntos
Cisticercose/complicações , Epilepsia/parasitologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , População UrbanaRESUMO
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was characterized by immunological titration with subunit specific antibodies and column chromatography on QAE-Sephadex in three different groups: control, type II diabetic, and obese individuals. It was found that PMN phosphofructokinase in the three groups consists mainly of a mixture of L4 and M4 homotetramers with possibly some hybrid forms. The predominant subunit was the L-type. A 24% decrease in the specific activity of the L-type isozyme was observed and an intermediate form (I-isozyme) having 23% of the total activity in diabetic individuals appeared. In obese individuals a 30% decrease was observed in the activity of M-type isozyme and 9% of the total activity corresponded to the intermediate form. Kinetic studies showed different regulatory properties among the isozymes from the three groups. The lower PFK activity found in diabetic and obese individuals can be associated with the decreased activity in the L-type isozyme (for diabetic individuals) and in the M-type isozyme (for obese individuals); the lower activity can also be associated with the four times lower affinity for F-6-P showed by the M-type isozyme, the decreased sensitivity to ATP inhibition (for both isozymes), and the appearance of an intermediate form with a different kinetic behaviour.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Isoenzimas/sangue , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/sangue , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citratos/farmacologia , Ácido Cítrico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enzimologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Frutosedifosfatos/farmacologia , Frutosefosfatos/metabolismo , Frutosefosfatos/farmacologia , Humanos , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Cinética , Obesidade/enzimologia , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of the lipoprotein composition and their relation with the insulin-resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia in non diabetic obese patients. Twenty-two no obese(13 women and 9 men) and 30 obese patients (BMI > 30) were studied, who were divided into two groups according to the total lipid levels. The first group was formed by 18 obese patients (10 women and 8 men) with normal serum cholesterol (Chol) concentration < 200 mg/dL and triglycerides (TG) < 150mg/dL (NO), while the second group were formed by 12 obese patients (3 women and 9 men) with elevated Chol level > 200mg/dL and/or TG > 150 mg/dL (HO). A clinical and anthropometric examination was performed to each patient, as well as a glucose tolerance test, including serum glucose and insulin determinations. Likewise, the plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and their cholesterol and triglycerides content were determined by enzymatic methods. In this report, we demonstrate the existence of compensatory basal hyperinsulinemia in men and women on both obese patients populations as well as alterations in the lipoprotein composition, mostly a TG overload even on NO. On the other hand, the presence of lipids and lipoproteins modification were obvious in those patients with abdominal obesity, on whom the hyperinsulinemia was more evident, which could be related with the high risk of cardiovascular disease in this kind of patients.
Assuntos
Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Adulto , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was characterized by immunological titration with subunit specific antibodies, column chromatography on QAE-Sephadex and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two different isozymes, M-type and L-type, were found. The M(r) values of the M and L subunits were 79,500 +/- 1,914 and 74,250 +/- 1,258, respectively. The two isozymes presented different kinetic and regulatory properties. The results suggest that PFK from human normal PMN is a mixture of M-type and L-type homotetramers, mainly, with possible minor heterotetrameric forms.
Assuntos
Isoenzimas/análise , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/análise , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Citratos/farmacologia , Ácido Cítrico , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Frutosedifosfatos/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas de Imunoadsorção , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Cinética , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/metabolismoRESUMO
To determine the most frequent dyslipidemias among first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients, and its association with their glucose-tolerance status and hyperinsulinemia, we have started to examine members of NIDDM pedigrees, according to American Diabetes Association guidelines for nuclear family studies. In a large family with 2 NIDDM siblings in the 2nd generation, and 4 siblings with NIDDM in the 3rd generation, we have evaluated 14 first degree relatives and also 15 sex and aged matched healthy control subjects without family history of diabetes. The NIDDM relative group presented BMI = 31.8 +/- 3.9 kg/m2, SBP = 128 +/- 18.2 mmHg, DBP = 84 +/- 12.7 mmHg. Both relatives and controls were subjected to a 2h 75g OGTT for glucose and insulin determinations. Although none of NIDDM relatives has IGT, both Glycemic Area (GA) and Insulin Area (IA) were greater (p < 0.01) in the NIDDM relative group. The Insulin/Glucose ratio was also higher (p < 0.01) at 0 and 120 min of OGTT, this might be indirect evidence of Insulin- Resistance. Fasting serum lipids in the NIDDM relatives were TG = 148 +/- 24mg/dl, T-Chol = 244 +/- 10.7mg/dl, HDL-C = 34.2 +/- 2.5mg/dl; lipids in the control group were TG = 84.8 +/- 10.1mg/dl, T-Chol = 167 +/- 10.2mg/dl, HDL-C = 44.4 +/- 2.6mg/dl. Electrophoretic pattern showed type IIa (30.7%) and IIb (61.5%) hyperlipidemias in the NIDDM relatives. In this group, there was a positive and significant association between basal insulin and DBP (r = 0.67; p < 0.01), and between DBP and both TG (r = 0.74; p < 0.01)) and VLDL-C (r = 0.58; p < 0.05). It was also obtained a negative association between basal insulin and HDL-C (r = -0.89; p < 0.001). These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia in association with lipid abnormalities could appear early (before the development of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes) in first degree relatives of NIDDM patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Hiperinsulinismo/epidemiologia , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Glicemia , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Hiperlipidemias/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/genética , Linhagem , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
With the purpose of exploring the glucose and insulin responses to a breakfast composed of a complex carbohydrate (CC) in the form of a "arepa" prepared with precooked corn flour, with or without the addition of protein and fat (CC + P + F), we studied 6 healthy volunteers, ages ranging from 26-50 years and body mass index of 24.5 +/- 1.32. Three tests were performed on each individual: 1) 75 g OGTT, 2) Ingestion of 75 g of CC ("arepa") and 3) Ingestion of 75 g of CC + 6.7 g protein (low fat cheese) and 4 g fat (margarine). Glycemic values (glucose - oxidase method) and insulinemia (radioimmunoassay) were determined at basal, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min. Glucose (GA) and insulin (IA) areas, glycemic index (GI) and insulin/glucose ratio (I/G) were calculated. We found that the "arepa" has a high GI (71.5%) that it is increased, although not significatively to 140% with the addition of protein and fat. Total GA as well as IA obtained for CC and for CC + P + F were similar to OGTT, however the profiles of the glucose and insulin responses during CC and CC + P + F were less abrupt but more prolonged, resulting in a greater I/G ratio for OGTT in comparison with CC or CC + P + F during the initial steps. We conclude that GI of this corn bread ("arepa") is high in comparison to other complex carbohydrates and it is not altered by the addition of protein and fat. This is possibly due to glucose and insulin responses similar to that produced by OGTT.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Culinária , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Insulina/sangue , Zea mays , Adulto , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Previous studies carried out in our laboratory showed that Streptococcus mutans--a cariogenic oral bacteria--did not metabolize an anticariogenic sugar alcohol, xylitol, even after a 10-month adaptative period with monthly transfers to a fresh medium. Due to the potential risk to adaptation observed in bacterias, it was studied the behavior of Streptococcus mutans (Strain 1161, Ingbritt) exposed to the polyol during 7 months, without monthly transfers to a new medium. After 7 months the cells were monthly transferred to a fresh medium for 7 more months. The cells were maintained and grown in a Trypticase-soytone-base medium without dextrose which contained xylitol (0.25 g/100 mL) or no sugar added. The control was represented by cells of Streptococcus mutans growing in Trypticase- soytone-base medium containing dextrose (0.25 g/100 mL). The growth pattern in the presence of xylitol was similar to that obtained in the cultures without sugar added, but it was 63-78% lower when compared with the control. The final pH in the cultures with xylitol was around 6.0; in the control it was very low (4.69 +/- 0.12). When the cells maintained in xylitol were transferred to the medium containing dextrose, the growth pattern was similar to that of the control. Any cultures fermented xylitol; the pH of the fermentation medium remained around 6.00 when the xylitol was present. No uptake of 14C-xylitol was observed and the activity of the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase could not be detected with the experimental procedure used. The present study confirmed the Streptococcus mutans inability to metabolize xylitol, even after a prolonged adaptative period in the sugar alcohol. Moreover, it demonstrated that xylitol could be considered an inert substance to Streptococcus mutans since the cells were viable in the presence of the xylitol, or in the medium without sugar added.
Assuntos
Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Xilitol/farmacologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This study was designed to describe the presence of calcifications according to the clinical features of the diabetic patient and the hemodynamics of the calcified arteries. With this purpose, 197 lower limbs from diabetic patients (type I and II) and carbon-hydrate intolerant patients, were studied. In all of the patients, the pressure ratio leg/arm was measured. On the same way, the arterial flow velocity was recorded using the Doppler ultrasonography on the pedia and postero-tibial arteries. The arterial calcifications, evident on the radiography of the foot, were more frequent between the type I patients and the neuro-infections diabetic foot. According to the hemodynamics point of view, we found a trend of association of more pathologic arterial flow velocity curves with the presence of calcifications (specially on the intima layer). It was also remarkable that an arterial incomprensibility was always associated with arterial calcifications.
Assuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/fisiopatologia , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico por imagem , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Pé Diabético/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Perna (Membro)/irrigação sanguínea , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RadiografiaRESUMO
In order to improve the early diagnosis of the aortoiliac injuries, 98 arteries from several supposedly health patients (different ages) and 41 femoral arteries from patients with occlusion at this level (demonstrated by arteriography) were studied. The analysis from the Fourier's series showed highly significant differences between both groups, and so did the comparison of some indexes automatically measured by the Vasoscan VL equip. By multivariant statistics methods was selected the main group of parameters that allows the differentiation between the ill patients and the healthy ones. This procedure can be useful for the physiopathological study and it may be used as a non-invasive method of diagnosis.
Assuntos
Artéria Femoral/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Aorta Abdominal , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/fisiopatologia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Feminino , Análise de Fourier , Humanos , Artéria Ilíaca , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In order to improve the early diagnosis of arterial occlusions, we tried to establish the basis of an automatized system that allowed the study of the hemodynamic features of diabetic patients in the different stadii of their disease. Fifty-four patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II were included in the study. In all of them, arterial flow curves were carried out at different levels: femoral, popliteal, pedia and tibial posterior arteries of both lower limbs. In the distal arteries of patients with hemodynamic injury, normal values of Maximal Systolic Velocity (Max A), Maximal Diastolic Velocity (Max D), Peurcelot's resistance (PR), pulsatility index (PI) and spectral band (SB), were found.