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Electrospinning is a process in which high voltage creates nanostructured fibers with random orientation from a polymer solution. A novel electrospinning instrument was designed and constructed, capable of orienting and collimating the trajectory of the electrified fluid jet. The equipment collimates and adjusts the electrified fluid jet in the X-Y directions using deflector plates connected to a variable electric field. Simultaneously, different membrane thicknesses can be selected, i.e., in the Z direction. Additionally, by programming the sinusoidal function generator to perform an X-Y sweep, Lissajous figures (LF) were obtained. SEM images obtained through XYZ electrospinning of PVC and PVDF membranes were used to determine the control achieved over the orientation distribution of the processed nanofibers and the modification of their diameter, with and without applying the electric field to the deflector plates. The nanofibers obtained from the polymeric membranes, which originated after the straight segment of the Taylor cone, did not exhibit a random trajectory and position. Instead, the collimated electrified fluid jet deposited them in a cross pattern (X-Y) on the collector-cathode plate.
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Eletricidade , Nanofibras , Polímeros , Nanofibras/química , Polímeros/química , Cloreto de Polivinila/química , Polivinil/química , Polímeros de FluorcarbonetoRESUMO
Introducción: El 80 por ciento de los accidentes cerebrovasculares resulta de tipo isquémico y al menos el 20-30 por ciento está provocado por estenosis de la arteria carótida extracraneal. La endarterectomía carotídea tiene como principal objetivo eliminar las placas de ateroma, que son fuentes de émbolos para el encéfalo, y mejorar el flujo sanguíneo a este órgano. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad de la endarterectomía carotídea en el Hospital General Docente "Enrique Cabrera" desde 2018 hasta 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal a 32 pacientes, a los cuales se les realizó endarterectomía carotídea. La recolección de los datos se efectuó mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. El período de estudio abarcó desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (65,6 por ciento) y la media de edad fue de 68,8 años. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes resultaron la hipertensión arterial y el tabaquismo con 75 por ciento y 65,6 por ciento, respectivamente. La enfermedad cerebrovascular con secuela mínima constituyó la forma clínica más frecuente en el 40,6 por ciento de los casos. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre diabetes mellitus y formas clínicas, y entre enfermedad arterial periférica y la aparición de complicaciones. La carótida izquierda resultó la más afectada con 53 por ciento y el porcentaje de estenosis, entre 70 por ciento y 99 por ciento, se encontró en el 55,9 por ciento de los pacientes. Con mayor frecuencia se presentaron las complicaciones: lesión de nervios craneales (5,8 por ciento) y hematoma cervical (5,8 por ciento). La endarterectomía por eversión se realizó en el 97 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Se demostró la seguridad y el éxito de la endarterectomía carotídea. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvo una evolución satisfactoria, y se presentaron escasas complicaciones y mortalidad nula(AU)
Introduction: 80 percent of strokes result in ischemic type and at least 20-30 percent are caused by stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery. Carotid endarterectomy has as its main objective to remove atheromatous plaques, which are sources of emboli for the brain, and improve blood flow to this organ. Objective: To characterize the morbidity of carotid endarterectomy at the "Enrique Cabrera" General Teaching Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 patients, who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Data collection was carried out by reviewing medical records. The study period spanned from January 2018 to January 2021. Results: The male sex predominated (65.6 percent) and the mean age was 68.8 years. The most frequent risk factors were high blood pressure and smoking with 75 percent and 65.6 percent, respectively. Cerebrovascular disease with minimal sequelae was the most frequent clinical form in 40.6 percent of cases. A statistically significant association was found between diabetes mellitus and clinical forms, and between peripheral arterial disease and the occurrence of complications. The left carotid was the most affected with 53 percent and the percentage of stenosis, between 70 percent and 99 percent, was found in 55.9 percent of patients. The following complications were the most common: cranial nerve injury (5.8 percent) and cervical hematoma (5.8 percent). Eversion endarterectomy was performed in 97 percent of cases. Conclusions: The safety and success of carotid endarterectomy were demonstrated. Most of the patients had a satisfactory evolution, and there were few complications and zero mortality(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Endarterectomia das Carótidas/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Prontuários Médicos , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de DadosRESUMO
El pseudoaneurisma se puede definir como un hematoma pulsátil repermeabilizado y encapsulado, en comunicación con la luz de un vaso dañado. Los pseudoaneurismas de las extremidades son los más frecuentes; entre ellos se destacan los iatrogénicos de la arteria femoral. Su incidencia es del 2 por ciento-8 por ciento cuando se realizan angioplastia/stent coronarios y del 0,2 por ciento-0,5 por ciento cuando únicamente se hace angiografía diagnóstica. Se presenta un paciente con diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma femoral derecho posterior a un cateterismo cardíaco, con el objetivo de demostrar la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de las pseudaeurismas para el tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno y evitar complicaciones posteriores. Al mes del procedimiento, el paciente comenzó con aumento de volumen en la región inguinal derecha y a la auscultación se apreció un soplo a ese nivel. Se le realizó exérisis del pseudoaneurisma y reparación quirúrgica de la arteria femoral. En las consultas de evaluación posoperatoria se mostró una evolución clínica y radiológica satisfactoria. El diagnóstico rápido de estas entidades vasculares evita que se presenten complicaciones posteriores y aseguran una evolución rápida y satisfactoria de los pacientes que la padecen(AU)
Pseudoaneurysm can be defined as a repermeabilized and encapsulated pulsatile hematoma, in communication with the light of a damaged vessel. Pseudoaneurysms of the limbs are the most frequent; among them are the iatrogenic of the femoral artery. Its incidence is 2 percent -8 percent when coronary angioplasty/stent is performed and 0.2 percent-0.5 percent when only diagnostic angiography is performed. A patient with a diagnosis of right femoral pseudoaneurysm after cardiac catheterization is presented, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of early diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms for timely surgical treatment and avoiding subsequent complications. A month after the procedure, the patient began with an increase in volume in the right inguinal region and auscultation showed a murmur at that level. Pseudoaneurysm exeresis and surgical repair of the femoral artery were performed. In the postoperative evaluation consultations, a satisfactory clinical and radiological evolution was shown. The rapid diagnosis of these vascular entities prevents subsequent complications from occurring and ensures a rapid and satisfactory evolution of patients who suffer from it(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Angiografia/métodos , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Artéria Femoral/lesões , Cateterismo CardíacoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las enfermedades vasculares periféricas y los niveles de calidad de vida en los adultos mayores. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y analítico en una muestra aleatorizada (n= 200) de los residentes del municipio Boyeros. Se analizaron solo los adultos mayores (n= 58). Las enfermedades vasculares periféricas se diagnosticaron por examen físico-vascular, estudio hemodinámico y ultrasonográficos. Se aplicó el cuestionario genérico de calidad de vida SF-36. Resultados: La tasa de enfermedades vasculares periféricas fue de 12 por 10 000; donde las más prevalentes fueron: las flebopatías (9,3), la enfermedad arterial periférica de los miembros inferiores (5,7) y la enfermedad carotidea (4,4). El porcentaje se incrementó en el grupo entre 70 y 79 años. El 31,8 por ciento presentaron dos o más enfermedades. En más del 80 por ciento el diagnóstico fue precoz. La hipertensión arterial (85,2 por ciento) fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente. No se halló diferencias (p < 0,05) en ninguna de las escalas de calidad de vida al comparar los adultos mayores con y sin enfermedad vascular. En los enfermos las medidas sumarias salud mental y salud física oscilaron entre moderada y baja. Los enfermos fueron remitidos a sus áreas de salud para recibir el tratamiento oportuno. Conclusiones: El municipio Boyeros presentó elevadas tasas de prevalencia de enfermedades vasculares periféricas en los adultos mayores con una afectación importante en las medidas sumarias de niveles de calidad Salud mental y Salud física(AU)
Objective: To determine the prevalence of peripheral vascular diseases and the life quality levels in elderly. Methods: A prospective and analytical study was conducted in a randomized sample (n = 200) of the residents of Boyeros municipality in Havana, analyzing only the elderly (n = 58). Peripheral vascular diseases were diagnosed by physical-vascular examination, hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies. The SF-36 generic life quality questionnaire was applied. Results: The rate of peripheral vascular diseases was of 12 by 10 000, where the most prevalent were: flebopathy (9.3), peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (5.7) and carotid disease (4.4). The percentage increased in the group from 70 to 79 years old. 31.8 percent showed two or more diseases. In more than the 80 percent, the diagnosis was precocious. Arterial hypertension (85.2 percent), obesity (59.3 percent) and hyperlipidemia (42.6 percent) were the most common risk factors. No differences (p< 0.05) were found in any of the quality of life scales when comparing elderly with and without vascular disease. In ill patients, the summary measures mental health and physical health oscillated between moderate and low. The ill patients were referred to their health areas to receive timely treatment. Conclusions: Boyeros municipality presented high rates of prevalence of peripheral vascular diseases in elderly with an important impact on the summary measures of quality levels called mental health and physical health(AU)
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Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/epidemiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Humidity sensors have been widely used in areas such as agriculture, environmental conservation, medicine, instrumentation and climatology. Hydrophobicity is one of the important factors in capacitive humidity sensors: recent research has shown that the inclusion of graphene (G) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) improves its hydrophobicity. In this context, a methodology to fabricate electrospun membranes of PVDF blended with G was developed in order to improve the PVDF properties allowing the use of PVDF/G membrane as a capacitive humidity sensor. Micrographs of membranes were obtained by scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphology of the fabricated samples. Subsequently, the capacitive response of the membrane, which showed an almost linear and directly proportional response to humidity, was tested. Results showed that the response time of PVDF/G membrane was faster than that of a commercial DHT11 sensor. In summary, PVDF/G membranes exhibit interesting properties as humidity sensors.
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An ear prosthesis was designed in 3D computer graphics software and fabricated using a 3D printing process of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for use as a hearing aid. In addition, the prosthesis response to pressure and temperature was observed. Pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of this ear prosthesis were investigated using an astable multivibrator circuit, as changes in PVDF permittivity were observed according to variations of pressure and temperature. The results show that this prosthesis is reliable for use under different conditions of pressure (0 Pa to 16,350 Pa) and temperature (2 °C to 90 °C). The experimental results show an almost linear and inversely proportional behavior between the stimuli of pressure and temperature with the frequency response. This 3D-printed ear prosthesis is a promising tool and has a great potentiality in the biomedical engineering field because of its ability to generate an electrical potential proportional to pressure and temperature, and it is the first time that such a device has been processed by the additive manufacturing process (3D printing). More work needs to be carried out to improve the performance, such as electrical stimulation of the nervous system, thereby extending the purpose of a prosthesis to the area of sensory perception.
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Orelha/fisiopatologia , Polivinil/química , Impressão Tridimensional , Próteses e Implantes , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Humanos , Polivinil/uso terapêutico , Pressão , Desenho de Prótese , TemperaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Osteoporosis leads to high fracture risk and evidence suggests that genetic factors play an important role in this disease. The aim was to evaluate the association of two polymorphisms (-1997G/T, +1245G/T) in the collagen type1 alpha 1 gene (COL1A1) with fracture or with low bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip in postmenopausal Mexican women. METHODS: BMD was determined by bone densitometry and the risk factors were collected with a questionnaire. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The -1997G/+1245T haplotype showed, after adjustment for confounders, a fourfold increased risk of hip fracture [OR 4.32; p = 0.041 (95 % CI 1.07-17.43)]; while in the women with low BMD at the hip, the risk was increased threefold [OR 3.36; p = 0.022 (95 % CI 1.20-9.40)]. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the association of COL1A1 gene polymorphisms with fracture and with low BMD at the hip in Mexican population.
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Densidade Óssea , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Fraturas do Quadril/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade Óssea/genética , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Feminino , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/genética , Pós-MenopausaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 13 niños con hábito de succión digital, atendidos en la consulta de Ortodoncia del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2013, a fin de valorar las ventajas de la hipnoterapia en la eliminación de este hábito. La información se procesó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS/PC y se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. En la casuística predominó el sexo femenino, la maloclusión clase II y el hábito de succión intermitente. La mayoría de los afectados necesitaron entre 4 y 6 sesiones de hipnoterapia. A los 6 meses de tratamiento se observó que el mayor porcentaje de los afectados había erradicado esta práctica(AU)
A study of therapeutic intervention in 13 children with habit of digital suction, assisted in the Orthodontics department belonging to Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to December, 2013, in order to evaluate the advantages of hypnotherapy in the elimination of this habit. The information was processed by means of the statistical package SPSS/PC and the percentage was used as summary measure for qualitative variables. The female sex, the malocclusion class II and the habit of intermittent suction prevailed in the case material. Most of the affected patients needed between 4 and 6 hypnotherapy sessions. After 6 months of treatment, it was observed that the highest percentage of those affected had eradicated this practice(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hipnose , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Sucção de Dedo/terapia , Atenção Secundária à SaúdeRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 13 niños con hábito de succión digital, atendidos en la consulta de Ortodoncia del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2013, a fin de valorar las ventajas de la hipnoterapia en la eliminación de este hábito. La información se procesó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS/PC y se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. En la casuística predominó el sexo femenino, la maloclusión clase II y el hábito de succión intermitente. La mayoría de los afectados necesitaron entre 4 y 6 sesiones de hipnoterapia. A los 6 meses de tratamiento se observó que el mayor porcentaje de los afectados había erradicado esta práctica.
A study of therapeutic intervention in 13 children with habit of digital suction, assisted in the Orthodontics department belonging to "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to December, 2013, in order to evaluate the advantages of hypnotherapy in the elimination of this habit. The information was processed by means of the statistical package SPSS/PC and the percentage was used as summary measure for qualitative variables. The female sex, the malocclusion class II and the habit of intermittent suction prevailed in the case material. Most of the affected patients needed between 4 and 6 hypnotherapy sessions. After 6 months of treatment, it was observed that the highest percentage of those affected had eradicated this practice.
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Sucção de Dedo , Hipnose , Atenção Secundária à Saúde , CriançaRESUMO
Respiratory and heart rates are among the most important physiological parameters used to monitor patients' health. It is important to design devices that can measure these parameters without risking or altering the subject's health. In this context, a novel sensing method to monitor simultaneously the heartbeat and respiratory rate signals of patients within an electrically safety environment was developed and tested. An optical fiber-based sensor was used in order to detect two optical phenomena. Photo-plethysmography and the relation between bending radius and attenuation of optical fiber were coupled through a single beam light traveling along this fiber.
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Traumatismos por Eletricidade/prevenção & controle , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/instrumentação , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Segurança do Paciente , Fotopletismografia/instrumentação , Testes de Função Respiratória/instrumentação , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Condutividade Elétrica , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador/instrumentação , Integração de Sistemas , TransdutoresRESUMO
Pyknodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, deformity of the skull, osteosclerosis, hypoplasia of the clavicle, and bone fragility. Radiographs show increased bone density, osteosclerosis, and acroosteolysis of the terminal phalanges. The pycnodysostosis gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and encodes an enzyme called Cathepsin K. Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease lysosomal protein associated with the degradation of bone and cartilage. In the current study, the authors described the clinical, radiological and molecular features of a group of six Mexican patients, including two familial and two sporadic cases, with Pyknodysostosis. One of the patients presented hypoacusia, an unusual finding in this disease.
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Multipartner mutualisms have potentially complex dynamics, with compensatory responses when one partner is lost or relegated to a minor role. Fungus-growing ants (Attini) are mutualistic associates of basidiomycete fungi and antibiotic-producing actinomycete bacteria; the former are attacked by specialized fungi (Escovopsis) and diverse generalist microbes. Ants deploy biochemical defenses from bacteria and metapleural glands (MGs) and express different behaviors to control contaminants. We studied four Trachymyrmex species that differed in relative abundance of actinomycetes to understand interactions among antimicrobial tactics that are contingent on the nature of infection. MG grooming rate and actinomycete abundance were negatively correlated. The two species with high MG grooming rates or abundant actinomycetes made relatively little use of behavioral defenses. Conversely, the two species with relatively modest biochemical defenses relied heavily on behavior. Trade-offs suggest that related species can evolutionarily diverge to rely on different defense mechanisms against the same threat. Neither bacterial symbionts nor MG secretions thus appear to be essential for mounting defenses against the specialized pathogen Escovopsis, but reduced investment in one of these defense modes tends to increase investment in the other.
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Formigas/fisiologia , Basidiomycota/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 50 pacientes de ambos sexos con carcinoma espinocelular bucal, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2009 hasta igual mes del 2012, a fin de evaluar los resultados terapéuticos de la criocirugía en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. La técnica crioquirúrgica se aplicó en la exéresis de la citada afección con repetidas congelaciones súbitas, así como descongelaciones lentas y espontáneas, razón por la cual se logró una excelente cicatrización de los tejidos dañados en el menor tiempo posible. Se demostró que la criocirugía fue un procedimiento sencillo, eficaz, fácil de aplicar, no traumática a la mucosa, sin riesgo ni complicación e inocua a los tejidos bucales; por tanto, impidió la formación de cicatrices residuales.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 patients of both sexes with oral squamous-cell carcinoma, treated at the stomatology department of the Specialties Polyclinic of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from September 2009 to September 2012, in order to evaluate the therapeutic results of cryosurgery in treating this disease. Cryosurgical technique was applied in the exeresis of damaged tissues with sudden repeated freezing and spontaneous slow thawing, thus achieving an excellent healing of tissues in the possible shortest time. It was demonstrated that cryosurgery was simple, effective and easy to apply, and nontraumatic to the mucosa without risk or complication and safe for oral tissues; therefore, it prevented residual scarring.
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BACKGROUND: Strangulated inguinal hernia (SIH) has an overall prevalence of 1.3% in adults, affecting mainly senilepatients, with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. There are more than 13 different surgical techniques for treatment,but none has proven to be more effective than the others. METHODS: The present observational, longitudinal and prospective study carried out at Hospital General, Centro MedicoLa Raza in Mexico City proposes a new surgical technique to treat SIH. Between December 2000 and August 2010,43 adult patients with SIH were consecutively subjected to preperitoneal mesh repair and exploratory laparotomy (PPMRand ELAP), a personal modification by the author to the Stoppa-Rives technique. Several variables were studied. RESULTS: There was zero mortality. There were no cases of inguinal recurrence or reintervention. One patient developeda granuloma at the surgical site. There were three cases of superficial wound infection, six cases of inguinoscrotal seroma,and one case of incisional hernia. DISCUSSION: There is no international consensus on the treatment of SIH although it is interesting to analyze the studiespublished during the last two decades and to observe the results. Studies that propose a preperitoneal approach withmesh demonstrate the best results by reducing morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Preperitoneal mesh repair and exploratory laparotomy reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality in thetreatment of SIH. Inguinal hernias must be repaired at the time of diagnosis to avoid strangulation.
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Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Herniorrafia/métodos , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Isquemia/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Drenagem/métodos , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hérnia Inguinal/epidemiologia , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/instrumentação , Humanos , Intestinos/cirurgia , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/epidemiologia , Isquemia/prevenção & controle , Isquemia/cirurgia , Laparotomia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Omento/irrigação sanguínea , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/etiologia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Testículo/irrigação sanguínea , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypothermia is a common cause of complications in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hypothermia is known to elicit electrophysiological, biochemical, and cellular alterations thus leading to changes in the active and passive membrane properties. These changes might influence the bioelectrical impedance (BI). Our aim was to determine whether the BI depends on the core temperature. METHODS: We studied 60 patients (52 female and 8 male) age 40 to 80 years with an ASA I-II classification that had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy under balanced inhalation anesthesia. The experimental group (n = 30) received active core rewarming during the transanesthetic and postanesthesic periods. The control group (n = 30) received passive external rewarming. The BI was recorded by using a 4-contact electrode system to collect dual sets of measurements in the deltoid muscle. The body temperature, hemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, blood-gas levels, biochemical parameters, and shivering were also measured. The Mann-Whitney unpaired t-test was used to determine the differences in shivering between each group at each measurement period. Measurements of body temperature, hemodynamics variables, respiratory rate, and BI were analyzed using the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The gradual decrease in the body temperature was followed by the BI increase over time. The highest BI values (95 ± 11 Ω) appeared when the lowest values of the temperature (35.5 ± 0.5°C) were reached. The active core rewarming kept the body temperature within the physiological range (over 36.5°C). This effect was accompanied by low stable values (68 ± 3 Ω) of BI. A significant decrease over time in the hemodynamic values, respiratory rate, and shivering was seen in the active core-rewarming group when compared with the controls. The temporal course of shivering was different from those of body temperatue and BI. The control patients showed a significant increase in the serum-potassium levels, which were not seen in the active-core rewarming group. CONCLUSIONS: The BI analysis changed as a function of the changes of core temperature and independently of the shivering. In addition, our results support the beneficial use of active core rewarming to prevent accidental hypothermia.
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This work reports on the development of a Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT) bulk ferroelectric poled ceramic structure as a Piezoelectric Plethysmograph (PZPG) sensor. The ceramic was implanted during its fabrication with a platinum (Pt) wire which works as an internal electrode. The ceramic was then submitted to an experimental setup in order to validate and determine the Pt-wire mechanical effects. This PZPG sensor was also mounted on a finger splint in order to measure the blood flow that results from the pulsations of blood occurring with each heartbeat. Fingertip pulses were recorded jointly with an ECG signal from a 25 year old male to compare the time shift; the PZPG sensor guarantees the electrical isolation of the patient. The proposed PZPG has several advantages: it can be adjusted for fingertip measurements, but it can easily be extended by means of spare bands, therefore making possible PZPG measurements from different body locations, e.g., forehead, forearm, knee, neck, etc.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Cerâmica/química , Lantânio/química , Chumbo/química , Platina/química , Pletismografia/métodos , Titânio/química , Zircônio/química , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Dedos/irrigação sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Fluxo Pulsátil , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chemoradiation based on cisplatin, most commonly weekly, is the standard treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer; however, the nephrotoxic potential and the requirement for hydration of cisplatin somewhat restrains its use. The objective of this study was to determine the recommended dose of carboplatin when administered weekly during pelvic radiation (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four histologically proven, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IIIB patients were treated with standard pelvic RT concurrently with six weekly applications of carboplatin at the following dose levels: 100 mg/m(2), 116 mg/m(2), 133 mg/m(2), and 150 mg/m(2). Six patients per level were treated. Acute toxicity was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. The recommended dose was defined as the one that was one level below the level at which dose-limiting toxicity was present in more than one-third of patients. RESULTS: Between September 2001 and July 2002, 24 patients were accrued. All but two completed external beam radiotherapy and intracavitary treatment. The treatment was well tolerated. The median number of weekly applications of carboplatin was six, and the mean dose to points A and B was 85.6 Gy (range 75.2-91.6) and 62.9 Gy (range 58.2-74.6), respectively. RT was delivered within 41.7 days (range 33-70). Dose-limiting toxicity (leukopenia and/or neutropenia) was present in 50% of patients treated at the higher dose level (150 mg/m(2)). At the recommended dose of 133 mg/m(2), 33% of patients presented with Grade 3 leukopenia. At treatment completion, 75% of patients had a complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: Carboplatin at 133 mg/m(2), weekly for 6 weeks, is a well tolerated and effective radiosensitizer in cervical cancer patients.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
Induction chemotherapy followed by surgery, particularly with newer agents or combinations, remains to be explored in locally advanced cervical cancer. Gemcitabine cisplatin is a very active combination for this tumor, therefore we explored the activity of gemcitabine in combination with oxaliplatin. Ten untreated patients with histologic diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and staged as IB2 to IIIB were treated with 3 21-day courses of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m day 1 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m days 1 and 8 followed by locoregional treatment with either surgery or concomitant chemoradiation. Response and toxicity were evaluated at the end of chemotherapy. All patients were evaluable. The overall clinical response rate was 80%, being complete in 3 patients (30%) and partial in 5 (50%). Seven (70%) patients underwent surgery, and three (30%) had chemoradiation as definitive treatment. Hematologic toxicity was moderate, with leukopenia grades III-IV in 17 and 0%; granulocytopenia grades III-IV in 23 and 3%, respectively. Eight patients had grade I oropharyngeal toxicity. At a median follow-up of 11 months (range: 10-12), all patients are disease free. Gemcitabine oxaliplatin is a very active and well-tolerated combination for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/radioterapia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Oxaliplatina , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , GencitabinaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio en 103 pacientes ventilados por 48 horas o más y se identificó la frecuencia de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación (NAV), con el objetivo de conocer la incidencia y los factores de riesgo relacionados con la mortalidad en la NAV en nuestro servicio. El 66,9 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo NAV. La mortalidad en los pacientes infectados fue del 73,9 por ciento. El promedio de días de hospitalización previo al ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) así como días de estadía en UCI fue superior en los pacientes fallecidos con NAV. Los factores de riesgo relacionados con la mortalidad en los pacientes con NAV fueron: edad mayor o igual a 55 años (p<0,05), ventilación mecánica por 5 días o más (p<0,001), no movilización durante la ventilación (p<0,001), toma de conciencia (p<0,001), uso de transfusiones de glóbulos rojos (p<0,005) y fallo multiorgánico (p<0,001)(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
El extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Phyllanthus acuminatus vahl presentó actividad antifúngica. Por medio de cromatografía en capa delgada, en columna y preparativa se aislaron dos grupos de fracciones activas "Q.1.1.A" que presento actividad contra 8 hongos. La concentración mínima inhibidora fué de 312 mcg/ml contra Zygorrinchus sp, Penicillium sp y Aspergillus fumigatus