RESUMO
The US Latino/a population is considered to be at high risk for unintended pregnancy; some research indicates that Latino/a parents are more likely to express happiness about an unintended pregnancy than other racial/ethnic groups. Associations between pregnancy attitudes and factors such as religiosity and nativity have also been documented in the Latino/a population, but existing research is sparse, dated and primarily focused on women of Mexican heritage. This study sought to expand this literature by examining the relationship between religiosity and pregnancy acceptability and assessing effect modification by generational status and gender in a national sample of young Latino/a cisgender women and men of various ancestral backgrounds currently in relationships. In multivariable logistic regression models, there was a positive association between importance of religion and pregnancy acceptability for both men and women; being highly or moderately religious was associated with elevated odds of finding a pregnancy acceptable. Effect modification by generational status was significant for women, but not for men. Results suggest that religiosity, gender and generational status have differential influences on and relationships to pregnancy orientations for Latina women and Latino men and should be considered in the design and delivery of family planning care for Latino/a clients.
Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Relação entre Gerações/etnologia , Gravidez não Planejada/psicologia , Religião , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México/etnologia , Gravidez , Gravidez não Planejada/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Gender inequity is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV), although there is little research on this relationship that focuses on youth or males. Using survey data collected from 240 male and 198 female youth aged 15-24 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we explore the association between individual-level support for gender equity and IPV experiences in the past 6 months and describe responses to and motivations for IPV. METHODS: Factor analysis was used to construct gender equity scales for males and females. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between gender equity and IPV. RESULTS: About half of female youth reported some form of recent IPV, including any victimization (32%), any perpetration (40%), and both victimization and perpetration (22%). A total of 18% of male youth reported recently perpetrating IPV. In logistic regression models, support for gender equity had a protective effect against any female IPV victimization and any male IPV perpetration and was not associated with female IPV perpetration. Female victims reported leaving the abusive partner, but later returning to him as the most frequent response to IPV. Male perpetrators said the most common response of their victims was to retaliate with violence. Jealousy was the most frequently reported motivation of females perpetrating IPV. CONCLUSION: Gender equity is an important predictor of IPV among youth. Examining the gendered context of IPV will be useful in the development of targeted interventions to promote gender equity and healthy relationships and to help reduce IPV among youth.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Identidade de Gênero , Relações Interpessoais , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Brasil , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pobreza , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: Violence against women is an important risk factor for unintended pregnancy and contraceptive use, although less is known about this relationship among youth. This study aims to investigate linkages between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy among Colombian female youth (aged 13-24). METHODS: Using the nationally representative Colombian Demographic and Health Survey (2005), the association of sexual violence with unintended pregnancy, current modern contraceptive use, and unmet need for contraception is examined using Pearson's chi-square tests and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of female youth who have been pregnant in the past 5 years, 13% report experiencing sexual violence during their lifetimes, with 6% reporting sexual violence perpetrated by a spouse or partner and 8% by someone else. Among female youth at risk of unintended pregnancy, sexual violence is reported by 11%. About 5% of these female youth report sexual violence from a spouse or partner, and 7% report being forced to have sex with someone else. In cross-tabulations, female youth who have experienced sexual violence report significantly higher levels of unintended pregnancy and unmet need for contraception and lower levels of current modern contraceptive use compared to those who have not experienced sexual violence. In multivariate logistic regression models, sexual violence is associated with increased risk for unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.8), unmet need for contraception (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0), and decreased likelihood of current contraceptive use (AOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis indicates that sexual violence is pervasive in Colombia and is consistently linked to increased risk of unintended pregnancy among female youth. Because youth are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence and may have difficulty accessing services, preventive efforts and clinical responses should be specifically crafted to curb violence against young women as well as reduce the longitudinal impact of experiencing sexual violence.
Assuntos
Comportamento Contraceptivo , Gravidez não Planejada , Estupro/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Colômbia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Avaliação das Necessidades , Gravidez , Saúde Reprodutiva , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Strong linkages exist between childhood abuse and adult intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in developed countries. Few studies examine this pattern in developing nations. This study explores the effect of childhood physical and/or psychological abuse on the likelihood of IPV among a national sample of Ecuadorian women of reproductive age. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted on a subsample of 9,077 Ecuadorian women, utilizing the 2004 Encuesta Demografía y de Salud Materna e Infantil survey. Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to assess whether women who report childhood abuse had a higher likelihood of reporting sexual, physical or psychological IPV during their lifetimes or within the past year. RESULTS: Levels of abuse were high. More than 30% of women reported childhood psychological or physical abuse, and 21% experienced both types of abuse. Forty percent of women reported sexual, physical or psychological IPV during their lifetimes, while 15% reported any form of IPV in the past year. The co-occurrence of childhood psychological and physical abuse was highly predictive of all forms of IPV, with less consistent associations for women who reported only physical or only psychological childhood abuse. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that childhood abuse is an important risk factor for IPV victimization among Ecuadorian women. While this analysis supports findings from developed countries, more cross-cultural research about patterns of violence throughout the life course is needed to develop relevant prevention programs.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Violência Doméstica , Parceiros Sexuais , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Adulto JovemRESUMO
No previous published research has examined the applicability of varying methods for identifying young people who are at high risk of experiencing unintended pregnancy and acquiring HIV infection. This study compares three surveys of young people aged 15-24 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors and the surveys'usefulness for identifying young people at high risk and for program planning. The surveys consist of responses from: a representative sample of young people in the 2005-06 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey (HDHS), a 2004 facility-based study, and a 2006-07 venue-based study that used the Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) method. The facility-based and PLACE studies included larger proportions of single, sexually experienced young people and people who knew someone with HIV/ AIDS than did the HDHS. More respondents in the PLACE sample had multiple sex partners in the past year and received money or gifts in return for sex, compared with respondents in the facility study. At first and last sex, more PLACE respondents used contraceptives, including condoms. Experience of pregnancy was most commonly reported in the data from the facility-based sample; however, more ever-pregnant PLACE respondents than others reported ever having terminated a pregnancy. Program managers seeking to implement prevention activities should consider using facility- or venue-based methods to identify and understand the behaviors of young people at high risk.