RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Shih-Tzu dogs are frequently affected by ocular surface disorders such as corneal ulceration and dry eye disease (DED). The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular surface homeostasis in Shih-Tzu dogs that have adequate aqueous production. Twenty-eight dogs were subjected to eyelid blink counting, Schirmer tear test (STT-1), ophthalmic evaluation, tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein test and Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale. RESULTS: Of the 28 animals evaluated, the median value of incomplete eyelid blinks/min (median = 15.0 blinks/min; Interquartil interval - IQR = 8.7 blinks/min - 19.5 blinks/min) was higher than the complete blinks/min (median = 2.5 blinks/min; IQR = 1.6 blinks/min - 4.3 blinks/min), with statistically significant difference. The Schirmer tear test had a median value of 25.0 mm/min (IQR = 22.7 mm/min - 27.5 mm/min), considered within the normal range for the species. On ophthalmic examination, all dogs had trichiasis of the caruncle and medial lower eyelid entropion. Lagophthalmos was the third most common alteration observed (71.4%; 20/28). The median of TBUT was 4.0 s; (IQR = 3.0 - 6.0 s). All the animals were negative to the fluorescein test and the TFT indicated that the majority of the eyes (51.8%; 29/56) were classified in abnormal grades 3 and 4 according to the Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Shith-Tzu dogs had STT-1 values within the normal range for the species there was high prevalence of abnormal TFT grades and low TBUT in all dogs, showing that despite adequate aqueous production, these dogs have poor precorneal tear film quality. In addition, the dogs showed few complete eyelid blinks and ophthalmic alterations, promoting poor tear film diffusion. All these findings, isolated or together, can result in DED.

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Background: Corneal ulcers are frequently reported in the literature in several species, however, the treatment of traumaticlesions on the corneal surface of ruminants is still poorly described. The use of the third eyelid flap is questioned whenapplied to deep ulcers, since the technique prevents the evolutionary follow-up of corneal healing and compromises care.However, several authors report its successful use for the treatment of superficial and deep corneal ulcers. This techniqueprotects the ocular surface and prevents the occurrence of new lesions or their aggravation. The aim of this study was toreport the treatment of corneal ulcers in sheep through the third eyelid flap associated with the use of topical antibiotics.Case: A 2-year-old male Dorper sheep, with ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperemia and mucopurulent secretion in theleft eye, was assisted in a private rural property in the West region of Bahia, Brazil. The owner reported that before seeking veterinary help he used a spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone, which worsened the animals condition.Upon inspection, it was observed eyelid asymmetry, slight lateralization of the head to the left, periorbital alopecia onthe left face, intense blepharospasm in the left eye, with projection of the third eyelid occurring at times. The ophthalmicexamination was performed after application of anesthetic eye drops based on proxymetacaine to reduce eye discomfort.A corneal stromal lesion, edema and fibrovascular tissue in the left eye were identified, but the cause of the lesion was notdefined, with lagophthalmia, entropion, dystychiasis or ectopic cilia being ruled out. So, it was suggested that the lesionhad occurred by a foreign body, such as dust...(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Corneal ulcers are frequently reported in the literature in several species, however, the treatment of traumaticlesions on the corneal surface of ruminants is still poorly described. The use of the third eyelid flap is questioned whenapplied to deep ulcers, since the technique prevents the evolutionary follow-up of corneal healing and compromises care.However, several authors report its successful use for the treatment of superficial and deep corneal ulcers. This techniqueprotects the ocular surface and prevents the occurrence of new lesions or their aggravation. The aim of this study was toreport the treatment of corneal ulcers in sheep through the third eyelid flap associated with the use of topical antibiotics.Case: A 2-year-old male Dorper sheep, with ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperemia and mucopurulent secretion in theleft eye, was assisted in a private rural property in the West region of Bahia, Brazil. The owner reported that before seeking veterinary help he used a spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone, which worsened the animal’s condition.Upon inspection, it was observed eyelid asymmetry, slight lateralization of the head to the left, periorbital alopecia onthe left face, intense blepharospasm in the left eye, with projection of the third eyelid occurring at times. The ophthalmicexamination was performed after application of anesthetic eye drops based on proxymetacaine to reduce eye discomfort.A corneal stromal lesion, edema and fibrovascular tissue in the left eye were identified, but the cause of the lesion was notdefined, with lagophthalmia, entropion, dystychiasis or ectopic cilia being ruled out. So, it was suggested that the lesionhad occurred by a foreign body, such as dust...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Chagas Disease (CD) is a parasitic anthropozoonosis caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a protozoan transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. Several species of wild and domestic animals, humans included, are susceptible, developing acute clinical signals (myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias) or chronic signals (drop on the performance and syncope) of the disease. In Brazil, the disease in dogs shows variable indexes of occurrence. The present paper describes the natural infection by T. cruzi in a canine living in the city of Barra, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, a region classified as high risk of vulnerability for the CD in the northeast of Brazil. Case: A 9-year-old male dog, non-specific breed, was referred to the clinic the Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals, at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital), at the Federal University of the West of Bahia. Its owner reported the presence of bloody secretion in the penile region. During the physical exam it was possible to observe an increase in the volume of the penis base. All of the animals physiological parameters were within normal levels. Blood samples and cytological laminas from the lesioned area were collected and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology in the same institution. The cytological exam showed monomorphic population of great round cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and one to two prominent nucleolus, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple stippled vacuoles, thus confirming a Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) case. With the blood exam one observed a thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia with a deviation on the left and the presence of a trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma sp. in the blood smears...(AU)

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Background: Bullous Keratopathy (BK) is characterized by decompensation of the corneal stroma resulting in visual impairment by corneal opacity, discomfort, excessive tearing, blepharospasm and pain. The aim of this study was to report a case of BK in a dog and the complete recovery of the ocular structure and visual function, with a third eyelid flap associated with the use of autologous blood serum topically. Case: A 2-year-old Shih Tzu male dog, weighing 4.3 kg, with recurrent bilateral eye discomfort was brought to Ophthalmologist Veterinarian Assistance. The patient had already been seen by other veterinarians, but the signs returned in a short period of time after the prescription was suspended. During physical examination it was observed moderate blepharospasm in the right eye, epiphora in the left eye, and in both eyes was noted exophthalmos, medial corneal entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia in the upper and lower eyelids. Fluorescein test was positive in both eyes, and a large bullous, opaque and gelatinous lesion with irregular appearance was observed occupying a large part of the cornea of the right eye. Superficial corneal ulcer was diagnosed in left eye and BK in right eye, both probably in consequence of ectopic cilia presence. Surgical intervention was made, with the cauterization and excision of the ectopic cilia and third eyelid flap in the right eye. The cauterization of caruncle trichiasis was not authorized by the owner. Moxifloxacin eye drops in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, lubricant based on hyaluronic acid in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, and autogenous blood serum, obtained from the centrifugation of a blood sample of the dog itself, in the dose of one drop every hour in the right eye for 24 h, and meloxicam in the dose of...(AU)

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Background: Trichoblastoma is a rare skin neoplasm derived from the primitive hair follicle, having epithelial and mesenchymal components. Despite being commonly described as a benign tumor, there are reports in the literature of tumors with characteristics of malignant neoplasia. It affects adult dogs and cats, with no predilection for sex. Although rare, in studies in Brazil the pathology shows variable rates of occurrence. This work describes a case of tricoblastoma in a 4-year-old mixed breed dog, submitted to care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB). Case: A 4-year-old male mixed breed dog with 7 kg of body weight, was referred to the HVU-UFOB. The main complaint reported by the canines tutor was an increase in volume in the region of the animals face, which evolved slowly, associated with itching, bleeding and sensitivity to touch. During the physical examination, a round, elevated mass was observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the left face, in the mandible region, with local alopecia. On palpation, the neoformation showed a firm consistency, well-defined and fluctuating, with no solutions for continuity or discomfort to touch. The animals physiological parameters were within the normal for the species. CBC, chest X-rays, abdominal ultrasound and aspiration cytology of the mass were requested. The blood count and image tests did not reveal any changes. On cytological examination, small, grouped basal epithelial cells were observed, characterized by a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, monomorphic nuclei and intensely basophilic and pigmented cytoplasm, a suggestive diagnosis of basal cell tumor. Due to the findings, an excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, with margins of 2 cm. The mass with its margins was sent for histopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HVU...(AU)

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Background: Trichoblastoma is a rare skin neoplasm derived from the primitive hair follicle, having epithelial and mesenchymal components. Despite being commonly described as a benign tumor, there are reports in the literature of tumors with characteristics of malignant neoplasia. It affects adult dogs and cats, with no predilection for sex. Although rare, in studies in Brazil the pathology shows variable rates of occurrence. This work describes a case of tricoblastoma in a 4-year-old mixed breed dog, submitted to care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB). Case: A 4-year-old male mixed breed dog with 7 kg of body weight, was referred to the HVU-UFOB. The main complaint reported by the canine’s tutor was an increase in volume in the region of the animal’s face, which evolved slowly, associated with itching, bleeding and sensitivity to touch. During the physical examination, a round, elevated mass was observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the left face, in the mandible region, with local alopecia. On palpation, the neoformation showed a firm consistency, well-defined and fluctuating, with no solutions for continuity or discomfort to touch. The animal’s physiological parameters were within the normal for the species. CBC, chest X-rays, abdominal ultrasound and aspiration cytology of the mass were requested. The blood count and image tests did not reveal any changes. On cytological examination, small, grouped basal epithelial cells were observed, characterized by a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, monomorphic nuclei and intensely basophilic and pigmented cytoplasm, a suggestive diagnosis of basal cell tumor. Due to the findings, an excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, with margins of 2 cm. The mass with its margins was sent for histopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HVU...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Bullous Keratopathy (BK) is characterized by decompensation of the corneal stroma resulting in visual impairment by corneal opacity, discomfort, excessive tearing, blepharospasm and pain. The aim of this study was to report a case of BK in a dog and the complete recovery of the ocular structure and visual function, with a third eyelid flap associated with the use of autologous blood serum topically. Case: A 2-year-old Shih Tzu male dog, weighing 4.3 kg, with recurrent bilateral eye discomfort was brought to Ophthalmologist Veterinarian Assistance. The patient had already been seen by other veterinarians, but the signs returned in a short period of time after the prescription was suspended. During physical examination it was observed moderate blepharospasm in the right eye, epiphora in the left eye, and in both eyes was noted exophthalmos, medial corneal entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia in the upper and lower eyelids. Fluorescein test was positive in both eyes, and a large bullous, opaque and gelatinous lesion with irregular appearance was observed occupying a large part of the cornea of the right eye. Superficial corneal ulcer was diagnosed in left eye and BK in right eye, both probably in consequence of ectopic cilia presence. Surgical intervention was made, with the cauterization and excision of the ectopic cilia and third eyelid flap in the right eye. The cauterization of caruncle trichiasis was not authorized by the owner. Moxifloxacin eye drops in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, lubricant based on hyaluronic acid in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, and autogenous blood serum, obtained from the centrifugation of a blood sample of the dog itself, in the dose of one drop every hour in the right eye for 24 h, and meloxicam in the dose of...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Chagas Disease (CD) is a parasitic anthropozoonosis caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a protozoan transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. Several species of wild and domestic animals, humans included, are susceptible, developing acute clinical signals (myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias) or chronic signals (drop on the performance and syncope) of the disease. In Brazil, the disease in dogs shows variable indexes of occurrence. The present paper describes the natural infection by T. cruzi in a canine living in the city of Barra, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, a region classified as high risk of vulnerability for the CD in the northeast of Brazil. Case: A 9-year-old male dog, non-specific breed, was referred to the clinic the Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals, at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital), at the Federal University of the West of Bahia. Its owner reported the presence of bloody secretion in the penile region. During the physical exam it was possible to observe an increase in the volume of the penis base. All of the animal’s physiological parameters were within normal levels. Blood samples and cytological laminas from the lesioned area were collected and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology in the same institution. The cytological exam showed monomorphic population of great round cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and one to two prominent nucleolus, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple stippled vacuoles, thus confirming a Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) case. With the blood exam one observed a thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia with a deviation on the left and the presence of a trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma sp. in the blood smears...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The establishment of parameters for tear production in different species is important for better understanding eye´s health and is one of the components of the ophthalmic semiological technique. Particularities derived from the anatomophysiology of non-domestic species induce the search for more reliable methodologies. The aim was to evaluate and compare tear production of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian common opossum (Didelphis aurita) by three different methods. Fifteen individuals of each species, juveniles, healthy, of both sexes, with 60 to 90 days of life, were physically restrained. Phenol red thread test (PRTT), endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) and modified -Schirmer tear test (mSTT) were performed. PRTT was the most difficult to perform because of the wire malleability, while EAPPTT was more feasible for both species. The median ± semi-quartile range for PRTT were 19.79±2.61mm/15 "and 5.22±2.92mm/15", for EAPPTT were 16.25±1.82mm/min and 10.9±3.04mm/min, and for STTm were 0±1.63mm/min and 0±1.63mm/min for white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum respectively. There was no difference between the right and left eye neither sex. A significant difference was obtained for the same test to different species. No significant correlation was found between the tests for both species. The description of tear production parameters for juvenile white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum may be used as a tool, which will allow the early diagnosis of ocular diseases.(AU)

O estabelecimento do parâmetro de produção lacrimal nas diferentes espécies é importante para o entendimento da saúde do olho e é um dos componentes da semiotécnica oftálmica. Particularidades derivadas da anatomofisiologia das espécies não domésticas induzem a busca de metodologias que sejam mais fidedignas aos parâmetros. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar e comparar a produção lacrimal de gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) por três diferentes métodos. Quinze indivíduos de cada espécie, juvenis, hígidos, de ambos os sexos, com 60 a 90 dias de vida, foram contidos fisicamente para realização do teste lacrimal do vermelho de fenol (TLVF), da ponta de papel absorvente estéril e do teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm). O TLVF foi o mais difícil de ser executado devido à maleabilidade do fio, enquanto a TEPA se mostrou mais exequível para ambas as espécies. A mediana ± intervalo semi-interquartil para o TLVF foi de 19,79±2,61mm/15" e 5,22±2,92mm/15", para a TEPA foram de 16,25±1,82mm/min e 10,93±3,04mm/min, e para o TLSm foram de 0±1,63mm/min e 0±1,63mm/min, para gambás-de-orelha-branca e gambás-de-orelha-preta, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre o olho direito e esquerdo e nem quanto ao sexo. Obteve-se diferença significativa para um mesmo teste entre as espécies. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre os testes para ambas as espécies. A quantificação da porção aquosa da lágrima poderá auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce de doenças oculares nas espécies estudadas.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The establishment of parameters for tear production in different species is important for better understanding eye´s health and is one of the components of the ophthalmic semiological technique. Particularities derived from the anatomophysiology of non-domestic species induce the search for more reliable methodologies. The aim was to evaluate and compare tear production of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian common opossum (Didelphis aurita) by three different methods. Fifteen individuals of each species, juveniles, healthy, of both sexes, with 60 to 90 days of life, were physically restrained. Phenol red thread test (PRTT), endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) and modified -Schirmer tear test (mSTT) were performed. PRTT was the most difficult to perform because of the wire malleability, while EAPPTT was more feasible for both species. The median ± semi-quartile range for PRTT were 19.79±2.61mm/15 "and 5.22±2.92mm/15", for EAPPTT were 16.25±1.82mm/min and 10.9±3.04mm/min, and for STTm were 0±1.63mm/min and 0±1.63mm/min for white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum respectively. There was no difference between the right and left eye neither sex. A significant difference was obtained for the same test to different species. No significant correlation was found between the tests for both species. The description of tear production parameters for juvenile white-eared opossum and Brazilian common opossum may be used as a tool, which will allow the early diagnosis of ocular diseases.(AU)

O estabelecimento do parâmetro de produção lacrimal nas diferentes espécies é importante para o entendimento da saúde do olho e é um dos componentes da semiotécnica oftálmica. Particularidades derivadas da anatomofisiologia das espécies não domésticas induzem a busca de metodologias que sejam mais fidedignas aos parâmetros. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar e comparar a produção lacrimal de gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) por três diferentes métodos. Quinze indivíduos de cada espécie, juvenis, hígidos, de ambos os sexos, com 60 a 90 dias de vida, foram contidos fisicamente para realização do teste lacrimal do vermelho de fenol (TLVF), da ponta de papel absorvente estéril e do teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm). O TLVF foi o mais difícil de ser executado devido à maleabilidade do fio, enquanto a TEPA se mostrou mais exequível para ambas as espécies. A mediana ± intervalo semi-interquartil para o TLVF foi de 19,79±2,61mm/15" e 5,22±2,92mm/15", para a TEPA foram de 16,25±1,82mm/min e 10,93±3,04mm/min, e para o TLSm foram de 0±1,63mm/min e 0±1,63mm/min, para gambás-de-orelha-branca e gambás-de-orelha-preta, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre o olho direito e esquerdo e nem quanto ao sexo. Obteve-se diferença significativa para um mesmo teste entre as espécies. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre os testes para ambas as espécies. A quantificação da porção aquosa da lágrima poderá auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce de doenças oculares nas espécies estudadas.(AU)

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RESUMO

Cranial cruciate ligament is the main responsible for knee stability by preventing cranial tibial displacement regarding the femur. Deficiency in this ligament (CCLD) may cause subluxation of the tibia and dysfunction of the pelvic member due to overloading. Tibial osteotomies are among the more current surgical techniques for treating CCLD in dogs and they proportionate the dynamic stability by means of modifying bone geometry and the distribution of forces acting on the articulation. The objective of this work is to describe the use of the allogeneic cortical bone graft conserved in glycerin as a spacer on the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treating the CCLD. In order to do that, 34 dogs submitted to TTA surgery correction were evaluated, being 23 males (67.35%) and 11 females (32.35%). Surgical procedures happened from May 2011 to October 2015. Regarding the surgical procedure after osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity, a disk of allogeneic cortical disk, sawn wedge-hapsed, conserved in glycerin, proportions of 2x1mm was applied as spacer, enabling TTA. Advancements from 3 to 12 mm were executed, depending on the need of the patient. For animals with patella dislocation, trochleoplasty and TTA were executed in order to correct the deviation. The mean ± SD age of animals was 6.67±3.58 and weight was 15.16±12.97 kg. Mongrel dogs, Poodles and Yorkshire terriers were the most affected ones. From the 36 evaluated knees, 11 (30.56%) were associated with some traumatic process and in 25 (69.44%) there was no relation with previous trauma. From those wounds, 20 (55.56%) happened in the right limb and 16 (44.44%) in the left limb and two animals had CCLD bilaterally. Animals had continuous support, discreet drawer movement and negative tibial compression 15 days after surgery. At 30 days, 26 cases (72.22%) had firm support (FS); at 45 days, 24 cases (66 test at 7 and 67%) had FS and eight cases (22.22%) without claudication (WC).(AU)

O ligamento cruzado cranial é o principal responsável pela estabilidade do joelho, impedindo o deslocamento da tíbia cranial em relação ao fêmur. A deficiência neste ligamento (CCLD) pode causar subluxação da tíbia e disfunção do membro pélvico devido à sobrecarga. As osteotomias tibiais estão entre as técnicas cirúrgicas mais atuais para o tratamento de CCLD em cães e proporcionam a estabilidade dinâmica por meio da modificação da geometria óssea da distribuição das forças que atuam sobre a articulação. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever o uso do enxerto ósseo cortical alogênico conservado em glicerina como espaçador no avanço da tuberosidade tibial (TTA) para o tratamento do CCLD. Para isso, 34 cães submetidos à cirurgia de TTA foram avaliados, sendo 23 machos (67,35%) e 11 fêmeas (32,35%). Os procedimentos curúrgicos aconteceram entre maio de 2011 e outubro de 2015. Com relação ao procedimento cirúrgico após a osteotomia da tuberosidade tibial, um disco alogênico cortical, em forma de cunha serrada, conservado em glicerina com proporções de 2 x 1mm foi aplicado como espaçador possibilitando a TTA. Avanços de 3 a 12mm foram executados, dependendo da necessidade do paciente. Para animais com luxação da patela, realizou-se a trocleoplastia e a TTA para a correção do desvio. A idade média dos animais foi de 6,67±3,58 anos e pesos médios de 15,16±12,97kg. Cães sem raça definida, Poodles e Yorkshire Terriers foram os mais afetados. Dos 36 joelhos avaliados, 11 (30,56%) foram associados a algum processo traumático e em 25 (69,44%) não havia nenhuma relação com um trauma prévio. Dos ferimentos, 20 (55,56%) aconteceram no membro direito e 16 (44,44%) no esquerdo, sendo que dois animais apresentavam CCLD bilateralmente. Os animais tiveram suporte contínuo, discreto movimento de gaveta e compressão tibial negativa 15 dias após a cirurgia. Aos 30 dias, 26 casos tinham suporte firme (FS); aos 45 dias, 24 casos tinham FS e oito casos sem claudicação (WC).(AU)

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RESUMO

Cranial cruciate ligament is the main responsible for knee stability by preventing cranial tibial displacement regarding the femur. Deficiency in this ligament (CCLD) may cause subluxation of the tibia and dysfunction of the pelvic member due to overloading. Tibial osteotomies are among the more current surgical techniques for treating CCLD in dogs and they proportionate the dynamic stability by means of modifying bone geometry and the distribution of forces acting on the articulation. The objective of this work is to describe the use of the allogeneic cortical bone graft conserved in glycerin as a spacer on the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treating the CCLD. In order to do that, 34 dogs submitted to TTA surgery correction were evaluated, being 23 males (67.35%) and 11 females (32.35%). Surgical procedures happened from May 2011 to October 2015. Regarding the surgical procedure after osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity, a disk of allogeneic cortical disk, sawn wedge-hapsed, conserved in glycerin, proportions of 2x1mm was applied as spacer, enabling TTA. Advancements from 3 to 12 mm were executed, depending on the need of the patient. For animals with patella dislocation, trochleoplasty and TTA were executed in order to correct the deviation. The mean ± SD age of animals was 6.67±3.58 and weight was 15.16±12.97 kg. Mongrel dogs, Poodles and Yorkshire terriers were the most affected ones. From the 36 evaluated knees, 11 (30.56%) were associated with some traumatic process and in 25 (69.44%) there was no relation with previous trauma. From those wounds, 20 (55.56%) happened in the right limb and 16 (44.44%) in the left limb and two animals had CCLD bilaterally. Animals had continuous support, discreet drawer movement and negative tibial compression 15 days after surgery. At 30 days, 26 cases (72.22%) had firm support (FS); at 45 days, 24 cases (66 test at 7 and 67%) had FS and eight cases (22.22%) without claudication (WC). During subsequent radiographic evaluations the progressive incorporation of the graft and osteotomy union were observed. In this study, most of the diagnosed CCLD occurred in males diverging from results obtained by other authors that found greater frequency in females. Support without claudication it was observed in most of the cases of implants at 60 days. We concluded that the conserved allogeneic cortical bone graft was able to promote bone union in TTA of dogs with CCLD. None of the animals had signs of contamination, infection of the surgical wound or rejection related with the presence of the graft, demonstrated by the complete graft-bone incorporation observed early at 45 days in some animals. The glycerin was a good conservation medium for those fragments intended for grafting because, besides being of low cost, it kept bone fragments free of contamination, reducing antigenicity and preserving the functions of osteoinduction and osteoconduction. The possibility of molding the graft to the animal need is a characteristic favorable to executing the modified technique that could be molded according to the size of the animal, allowing perfect adaptation to the osteotomized local in different breeds. Intercurrences commonly observed in TTA with patellar dislocation, meniscal lesions, tibial crest fracture and displacement were not found in the animals of this study, probably due to the better distribution of forces between the pass screw in TT and the TTA plate confirming that it has good adaptation to the technique conferring to the modified TTA advantages regarding the conventional TTA.(AU)

O ligamento cruzado cranial é o principal responsável pela estabilidade do joelho, impedindo o deslocamento da tíbia cranial em relação ao fêmur. A deficiência neste ligamento (CCLD) pode causar subluxação da tíbia e disfunção do membro pélvico devido à sobrecarga. As osteotomias tibiais estão entre as técnicas cirúrgicas mais atuais para o tratamento de CCLD em cães e proporcionam a estabilidade dinâmica por meio da modificação da geometria óssea da distribuição das forças que atuam sobre a articulação. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever o uso do enxerto ósseo cortical alogênico conservado em glicerina como espaçador no avanço da tuberosidade tibial (TTA) para o tratamento do CCLD. Para isso, 34 cães submetidos à cirurgia de TTA foram avaliados, sendo 23 machos (67,35%) e 11 fêmeas (32,35%). Os procedimentos curúrgicos aconteceram entre maio de 2011 e outubro de 2015. Com relação ao procedimento cirúrgico após a osteotomia da tuberosidade tibial, um disco alogênico cortical, em forma de cunha serrada, conservado em glicerina com proporções de 2 x 1mm foi aplicado como espaçador possibilitando a TTA. Avanços de 3 a 12mm foram executados, dependendo da necessidade do paciente. Para animais com luxação da patela, realizou-se a trocleoplastia e a TTA para a correção do desvio. A idade média dos animais foi de 6,67±3,58 anos e pesos médios de 15,16±12,97kg. Cães sem raça definida, Poodles e Yorkshire Terriers foram os mais afetados. Dos 36 joelhos avaliados, 11 (30,56%) foram associados a algum processo traumático e em 25 (69,44%) não havia nenhuma relação com um trauma prévio. Dos ferimentos, 20 (55,56%) aconteceram no membro direito e 16 (44,44%) no esquerdo, sendo que dois animais apresentavam CCLD bilateralmente. Os animais tiveram suporte contínuo, discreto movimento de gaveta e compressão tibial negativa 15 dias após a cirurgia. Aos 30 dias, 26 casos tinham suporte firme (FS); aos 45 dias, 24 casos tinham FS e oito casos sem claudicação (WC). Durante avaliações radiográficas subsequentes, observou-se a incorporação progressiva da união do enxerto e da osteotomia. Neste estudo, a maior parte do CCLD diagnosticado ocorreu em machos, divergindo dos resultados obtidos por outros autores que encontraram maior frequência em fêmeas. Suporte sem claudicação foi observado na maioria dos casos de implantes aos 60 dias. Foi concluído que o enxerto ósseo cortical alogênico conservado foi capaz de promover a união óssea na TTA de cães com CCLD. Nenhum dos animais apresentou sinais de contaminação, infecção da ferida cirúrgica ou rejeição relacionada à presença do enxerto, demonstrada pela incorporação completa do enxerto ósseo observada precocemente aos 45 dias em alguns animais. A glicerina foi um bom meio de conservação para os fragmentos destinados à enxertia porque, além do menor custo, manteve os fragmentos ósseos livres de contaminação, reduzindo a antigenicidade e preservando as funções de osteoindução e osteocondução. A possibilidade de moldagem do enxerto à necessidade do animal é uma característica favorável à execução da técnica modificada que pode ser moldada de acordo com o tamanho do animal, possibilitando perfeita adaptação ao local osteotomizado em diferentes raças. Intercorrências comumente observadas na TTA com luxação patelar, lesões meniscais, fratura da crista tibial e deslocamento não foram encontradas nos animais deste estudo, provavelmente devido à melhor distribuição de forças entre a passagem do parafuso no TT e a placa do TTA, confirmando que tem boa adaptação à técnica conferindo às vantagens da TTA modificada em relação à TTA convencional.(AU)

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Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium Ehrlichia canis that has a high global prevalence that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Among the clinical changes, ophthalmic diseases can lead to permanent blindness and it can be an important clinical sign. The objective of this study was to perform nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose E. canis infection in dogs with bilateral uveitis from the Veterinary Hospital of the Santa Cruz State University. Blood samples were collected and DNA for the molecular diagnosis was extracted from 66 adult dogs of both genders and mixed breeds diagnosed with bilateral uveitis. Thirty-five (53%) dogs showed positive results and presented with iridocyclitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, or uveitis with secondary glaucoma. This study demonstrates that nested PCR is an important tool for the differential diagnosis of dogs with bilateral uveitis, as it provides evidence of the infectious agent in the animal.(AU)

Erliquiose Monocítica Canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa causada por uma bactéria gram negativa da espécie Ehrlichia canis, que possui alta prevalência mundial e conduz a elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em cães. Dentre as alterações clínicas, as oftalmopatias podem levar a cegueira permanente e é ser um importante sinal clínico. Objetivou-se realizar nested-PCR para diagnosticar infecção por E. canis em cães portadores de uveíte bilateral provenientes da casuística do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Sessenta e seis cães adultos, de ambos sexos e raças variadas, diagnosticados com uveíte bilateral foram submetidos a coleta de sangue e o DNA para realização do diagnóstico molecular foi extraído destas amostras. Foram positivos no teste 35 (53%) cães, que apresentaram iridociclite, uveíte posterior, panuveíte ou uveíte com glaucoma secundário. Esse estudo demonstra a nested-PCR como ferramenta importante no diagnóstico diferencial de cães com uveíte bilateral, por proporcionar a comprovação do agente infeccioso no organismo do animal.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium Ehrlichia canis that has a high global prevalence that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Among the clinical changes, ophthalmic diseases can lead to permanent blindness and it can be an important clinical sign. The objective of this study was to perform nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose E. canis infection in dogs with bilateral uveitis from the Veterinary Hospital of the Santa Cruz State University. Blood samples were collected and DNA for the molecular diagnosis was extracted from 66 adult dogs of both genders and mixed breeds diagnosed with bilateral uveitis. Thirty-five (53%) dogs showed positive results and presented with iridocyclitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, or uveitis with secondary glaucoma. This study demonstrates that nested PCR is an important tool for the differential diagnosis of dogs with bilateral uveitis, as it provides evidence of the infectious agent in the animal.

Erliquiose Monocítica Canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa causada por uma bactéria gram negativa da espécie Ehrlichia canis, que possui alta prevalência mundial e conduz a elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em cães. Dentre as alterações clínicas, as oftalmopatias podem levar a cegueira permanente e é ser um importante sinal clínico. Objetivou-se realizar nested-PCR para diagnosticar infecção por E. canis em cães portadores de uveíte bilateral provenientes da casuística do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Sessenta e seis cães adultos, de ambos sexos e raças variadas, diagnosticados com uveíte bilateral foram submetidos a coleta de sangue e o DNA para realização do diagnóstico molecular foi extraído destas amostras. Foram positivos no teste 35 (53%) cães, que apresentaram iridociclite, uveíte posterior, panuveíte ou uveíte com glaucoma secundário. Esse estudo demonstra a nested-PCR como ferramenta importante no diagnóstico diferencial de cães com uveíte bilateral, por proporcionar a comprovação do agente infeccioso no organismo do animal.

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RESUMO

This study aimed to determine and compare corneal sensitivity values in different regions of the cornea in five horse breeds. One hundred and forty five healthy horses, adults of both sexes, of the following breeds - Arabian horse (AH; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Pure Blood Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarter Horse (QH; n=20), Brazilian Sport Horse (BSH; n=20)-were investigated. Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in five different corneal regions. Measurements of the median central CTT were: 4.50±0.50cm (AH), 3.50±0.56cm (MM), 3.00±0.25cm (PBL), 2.50±0.44cm (QH) and 2.50±0.00cm (BSH). The central region was the most sensitive and the dorsal region the least sensitive corneal region for all breeds. CTT values differed for corneal regions and horse breeds. The CTT values were different among the corneal regions and the horse breeds. Arabian horses presented higher sensitivity values being the most sensitive in all of the corneal regions.(AU)

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo, determinar e comparar valores de sensibilidade corneana em diferentes regiões da córnea em cinco raças de equinos. Foram investigados 145 equinos hígidos, adultos de ambos os sexos, das raças: Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Puro Sangue Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarto de Milha (QH; n=20) e Brasileiro de Hipismo (BSH; n=20). O limiar táctil da córnea (LTC) foi mensurado com o auxílio do estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet, em cinco diferentes regiões da córnea (central, nasal, ventral, temporal e dorsal). Os valores médios das mensurações do LTC central foram: 4,50±0,50cm (PSA), 3,50±0,56cm (MM), 3,00±0,25cm (PSL), 2,50±0,44cm (QM) e 2,50±0,00cm (BH). A região central foi a mais sensível e a região dorsal a menos sensível para todas as raças. Os valores de LTC diferiram para as regiões da córnea e entre as raças dos cavalos, sendo a raça Puro Sangue Árabe o que apresentou valores maiores de sensibilidade, desta forma sendo o mais sensível em todas as regiões corneanas.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study aimed to determine and compare corneal sensitivity values in different regions of the cornea in five horse breeds. One hundred and forty five healthy horses, adults of both sexes, of the following breeds - Arabian horse (AH; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Pure Blood Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarter Horse (QH; n=20), Brazilian Sport Horse (BSH; n=20)-were investigated. Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in five different corneal regions. Measurements of the median central CTT were: 4.50±0.50cm (AH), 3.50±0.56cm (MM), 3.00±0.25cm (PBL), 2.50±0.44cm (QH) and 2.50±0.00cm (BSH). The central region was the most sensitive and the dorsal region the least sensitive corneal region for all breeds. CTT values differed for corneal regions and horse breeds. The CTT values were different among the corneal regions and the horse breeds. Arabian horses presented higher sensitivity values being the most sensitive in all of the corneal regions.

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo, determinar e comparar valores de sensibilidade corneana em diferentes regiões da córnea em cinco raças de equinos. Foram investigados 145 equinos hígidos, adultos de ambos os sexos, das raças: Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Puro Sangue Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarto de Milha (QH; n=20) e Brasileiro de Hipismo (BSH; n=20). O limiar táctil da córnea (LTC) foi mensurado com o auxílio do estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet, em cinco diferentes regiões da córnea (central, nasal, ventral, temporal e dorsal). Os valores médios das mensurações do LTC central foram: 4,50±0,50cm (PSA), 3,50±0,56cm (MM), 3,00±0,25cm (PSL), 2,50±0,44cm (QM) e 2,50±0,00cm (BH). A região central foi a mais sensível e a região dorsal a menos sensível para todas as raças. Os valores de LTC diferiram para as regiões da córnea e entre as raças dos cavalos, sendo a raça Puro Sangue Árabe o que apresentou valores maiores de sensibilidade, desta forma sendo o mais sensível em todas as regiões corneanas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine and compare corneal sensitivity values in different regions of the cornea in five horse breeds. One hundred and forty five healthy horses, adults of both sexes, of the following breeds - Arabian horse (AH; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Pure Blood Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarter Horse (QH; n=20), Brazilian Sport Horse (BSH; n=20)-were investigated. Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in five different corneal regions. Measurements of the median central CTT were: 4.50±0.50cm (AH), 3.50±0.56cm (MM), 3.00±0.25cm (PBL), 2.50±0.44cm (QH) and 2.50±0.00cm (BSH). The central region was the most sensitive and the dorsal region the least sensitive corneal region for all breeds. CTT values differed for corneal regions and horse breeds. The CTT values were different among the corneal regions and the horse breeds. Arabian horses presented higher sensitivity values being the most sensitive in all of the corneal regions.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o presente estudo, determinar e comparar valores de sensibilidade corneana em diferentes regiões da córnea em cinco raças de equinos. Foram investigados 145 equinos hígidos, adultos de ambos os sexos, das raças: Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA; n=20), Mangalarga Marchador (MM; n=50), Puro Sangue Lusitano (PBL; n=35), Quarto de Milha (QH; n=20) e Brasileiro de Hipismo (BSH; n=20). O limiar táctil da córnea (LTC) foi mensurado com o auxílio do estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet, em cinco diferentes regiões da córnea (central, nasal, ventral, temporal e dorsal). Os valores médios das mensurações do LTC central foram: 4,50±0,50cm (PSA), 3,50±0,56cm (MM), 3,00±0,25cm (PSL), 2,50±0,44cm (QM) e 2,50±0,00cm (BH). A região central foi a mais sensível e a região dorsal a menos sensível para todas as raças. Os valores de LTC diferiram para as regiões da córnea e entre as raças dos cavalos, sendo a raça Puro Sangue Árabe o que apresentou valores maiores de sensibilidade, desta forma sendo o mais sensível em todas as regiões corneanas.

RESUMO

Background: Hysterocele is an inheritance rare in feline, characterized by the protrusion of the uterus by the inguinal channel, a situation related with the congenital abnormality of the inguinal ring, allowing the protrusion of abdominal contents for the subcutaneous space. As differential diagnosis of hysterocele are the breast cancer, abscesses and bruises and image exams such as radiography and ultrasonography have large relevance for identifying the disease and, additionally, clarify the hernia content. The purpose of this study was to describe one case report of the inguinal gravid hysterocele in a cat. Case: A 1-year-old female feline, without history of trauma of increase of volume in the inguinal region was referred for clinical evaluation. Due to the presence of three gestational vesicles, the decision by following-up the fetal development was taken, by means of periodical ultrasound evaluations, for performing operative procedure. At 56 days of gestation, when intestinal peristaltic movements of the three kittens were observed, cesarean was indicated. The procedure began by an oblique incision in the left retro-umbilical region, however, due to adhesions, there was no proper uterine exposition for hysterotomy. Retro-umbilical celiotomy, adhesiolise and return of the uterus for the abdominal cavity were performed in order to execute the cesarean followed by ovariohysterectomy. The hernial ring was debrided and sutured in order to keep patent the inguinal ring. No post-operatory complications were noted indicating that the established conduct allowed the survival of the parturient and its kittens. Discussion: In a casuistic study where data from 1988 until 2007 were collected, from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from the University of São Paulo, a higher occurrence of inguinal hernias was observed in female dogs, when compared with male dogs and, until that period, the inguinal hernia was not reported in the feline species...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Hysterocele is an inheritance rare in feline, characterized by the protrusion of the uterus by the inguinal channel, a situation related with the congenital abnormality of the inguinal ring, allowing the protrusion of abdominal contents for the subcutaneous space. As differential diagnosis of hysterocele are the breast cancer, abscesses and bruises and image exams such as radiography and ultrasonography have large relevance for identifying the disease and, additionally, clarify the hernia content. The purpose of this study was to describe one case report of the inguinal gravid hysterocele in a cat. Case: A 1-year-old female feline, without history of trauma of increase of volume in the inguinal region was referred for clinical evaluation. Due to the presence of three gestational vesicles, the decision by following-up the fetal development was taken, by means of periodical ultrasound evaluations, for performing operative procedure. At 56 days of gestation, when intestinal peristaltic movements of the three kittens were observed, cesarean was indicated. The procedure began by an oblique incision in the left retro-umbilical region, however, due to adhesions, there was no proper uterine exposition for hysterotomy. Retro-umbilical celiotomy, adhesiolise and return of the uterus for the abdominal cavity were performed in order to execute the cesarean followed by ovariohysterectomy. The hernial ring was debrided and sutured in order to keep patent the inguinal ring. No post-operatory complications were noted indicating that the established conduct allowed the survival of the parturient and its kittens. Discussion: In a casuistic study where data from 1988 until 2007 were collected, from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from the University of São Paulo, a higher occurrence of inguinal hernias was observed in female dogs, when compared with male dogs and, until that period, the inguinal hernia was not reported in the feline species...

Assuntos