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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of physical exercise on body structure & function and activity outcomes in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). METHODS: Six databases were searched from inception until January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing physical exercise with a control group were included. RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs were included. Three types of physical exercise were identified: aerobic (AE), resistance (RE), and multimodal (ME). Regarding body structure & function outcomes, evidence for RE was very low and with effect for improvement in upper limb muscle strength and very low and without effect for lower limbs. For improvement in postural balance, evidence was very low and with effect with AE and very low and without effect with RE and ME. Evidence for cardiorespiratory function was very low and without effect with AE and RE. Regarding activity outcomes, evidence was low and without effect for mobility with AE and very low and without effect with RE and ME. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise promoted improvements in body structure & function outcomes in individuals with MCI. Resistance exercise improvement upper limb muscle strength and AE enhanced postural balance. In contrast, physical exercise did not promote a significant benefit in activity outcomes.Implications for rehabilitationResults of this systematic review have shown that physical exercise promoted improvements in body structure & function outcomes in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Resistance exercise with elastic bands for approximately 60 minutes twice a week for a total of three months improved upper limb muscle strength.Aerobic exercise with walking for approximately 60 minutes twice per week for a total of six months enhanced postural balance.Considering the potential benefits identified in this systematic review, physical exercise can be recommended for individuals with MCI.We also highlight the importance of the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for rehabilitation planning.

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The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can exert a negative impact in social participation in affected older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether social participation in older adults with AD is associated with disease stage and cognitive function as well as the quality of life and depressive symptoms in their caregivers. A correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 older adults with AD (28 women and 12 men) and 40 caregivers (30 women and 10 men). Social participation was assessed using the 'social participation' domain of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire. Disease stage was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and cognitive function was assessed using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Quality of life and depressive symptoms in the caregivers were evaluated using the Quality of Life Assessment Scale on Alzheimer's Disease and Beck Depression Inventory respectively. The older adults with AD had a mean percentage of 59.4% on the social participation domain and a mean score of 49.0 for cognitive function. The caregivers had mean scores of 39.1 for quality of life and 9.9 for depressive symptoms. The stepwise backward multiple linear regression model indicated that the predictors analysed together explained 48% of the variability in social participation among older adults with AD. Therefore, lower social participation among older adults with AD is associated with more advanced stages of the disease and cognitive decline in these individuals as well as a lower perception of quality of life and greater levels of depressive symptoms in their caregivers.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar las relaciones entre funciones ejecutivas y capacidad funcional y determinar los predictores motores de la deficiencia de las funciones ejecutivas en ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). 24 ancianos con EA fueron evaluados para estimar las funciones ejecutivas y los predictores motores. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple. Las funciones ejecutivas se relacionaron con la flexibilidad (r = 0.54), equilibrio (r = 0.48), agilidad y movilidad (r = -0.41). El análisis de regresión apuntó equilibrio y flexibilidad como predictores motores de la deficiencia de las funciones ejecutivas. El prejuicio del equilibrio y la flexibilidad pueden predecir los prejuicios en funciones ejecutivas de ancianos con EA.

The objective of this paper was investigate the relationship between executive function and functional capacity and determine predictors engines for decline of executive functions in elderly patients with AD. A total of 24 elderly patients with EA were evaluated to estimate predictors engines. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regressions was used. Executive functions related to the flexibility (r = 0.54), static and dynamic balance (r = 0.48) and with the agility and mobility (r = -0.41). Regression analysis pointed to balance and flexibility as predictors engines deficiency executive functions. The decline of balance and flexibility can predict the prejudice of the executive functions of elderly with AD.