RESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between environmental and genetic values for milk production and type traits in Holstein cattle in Brazil. The genetic value of 65,383 animals for milk production and 53,626 for type classification were available. Socioeconomic and environmental data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Institute of Meteorology. Five to six clusters were generated for each of the groups of type traits and production levels. The relationships between these traits were assessed using the STEPDISC, DISCRIM and CANDISC procedures in SAS(®). Traits within the clusters behaved differently, but, in general, animals with lower genetic values were found in environments that were more stressful for animal production. These differences were mainly associated with temperature, humidity, precipitation and the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index. Genetic values for milk production showed best discrimination between different environments, while type traits showed poor discrimination, possibly because farmers mainly select for milk production. Environmental variations for genetic values in dairy cattle in Brazil should be further examined.
Assuntos
Cruzamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Indústria de Laticínios/estatística & dados numéricos , Fertilidade/genética , Lactação/genética , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Variação Genética , Masculino , Leite , Modelos Genéticos , Fenótipo , Seleção GenéticaRESUMO
The present study is pioneer in analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Turnera subulata Sm. and evaluates their antibacterial activity against a panel of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The aerial parts were kiln-dried and then powdered in mechanical mill, and was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The components were analyzed using a mass spectrometrycoupled gas chromatography (GC-MS), and the identification of substances was performed by comparison of the mass spectra obtained with the mass spectra of the database of the GC-MS and retention indices . The essential oil was evaluated using the method of broth dilution at concentrations ranging from 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. It was possible to identify 45 substances (92.1%) of the essential oils, and the major components were trans-caryophyllene (6.7%), citronellol (5.6%), sphatulenol (5.3%), α-cadinol (4.3%), n-tricosano (4.3%), geraniol (4.1%) and trans-geranilacetone (3.7%), n-pentacosano (3.5%), globulol (3.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%). The essential oil of T. subulata Sm. showed effective antibacterial activity for the various strains of S. aureus tested, with the MIC values between 25 µg/mL and 1600 µg/mL. The study of the essential oil of Turnera subulata Sm. showed that it consists of a complex mixture of several classes of compounds having the sesquiterpenes as major constituents followed by monoterpenes, and showed an antibacterial activity significant front the strains tested.
O presente estudo é pioneiro em analisar a composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Turnera subulata Sm. e sua atividade antibacteriana frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a antibióticos. As partes aéreas da planta foram secas em estufa, pulverizadas em moinho mecânico e submetidas à hidrodestilaçao em aparato tipo Clevenger. A composição dos óleos essenciais foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), e a identificação realizada por comparação dos espectros de massas com a biblioteca do CG-EM e índices de retenção. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial foi avaliada usando o método de diluição em caldo, em concentrações que variaram de 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. Foi possível identificar 45 substâncias (92,1%) do óleo essencial, sendo os componentes majoritários: trans-cariofileno (6,7%), citronelol (5,6%), espatulenol (5,3%), α-cadinol (4,3%), n-tricosano (4,3%), geraniol (4,1%) e trans-geranilacetona (3,7%), n-pentacosano (3,5%), globulol (3,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (3,2%). O óleo essencial de T. subulata Sm. mostrou atividade antibacteriana eficaz para as várias cepas de S. aureus testadas, com valores de CIM entre 25 µg/mL e 1600 µg/mL. O estudo do óleo essencial de Turnera subulata Sm. evidenciou sua complexa mistura, contendo várias classes de substâncias, tendo os sesquiterpenos como constituintes majoritários seguido dos monoterpenos, e mostrou significativa atividade antibacteriana frente as cepas testadas.
Assuntos
Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/química , Turnera/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas/instrumentação , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Cromatografia Gasosa/instrumentação , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/metabolismoRESUMO
Hemodialysis-associated seizure is a complication of hemodialysis. This report describes the occurrence of seizures in patients with end stage renal disease on dialysis therapy at the Nephrology Institute of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo State, Brazil. A retrospective medical history of 189 patients was reviewed to investigate the occurrence of convulsive seizures during dialytic program. Seven patients with history of seizures were selected but five of them were included in our study. Three patients presented generalized tonic-clonic seizures, one had partial seizure with secondary generalization, and one presented unclassified seizure. Three patients presented seizure just during the dialysis (unique seizure) and one of them presented convulsive status epilepticus. The two other patients had already presented seizures prior the beginning of dialysis. We conclude that seizures in renal failure could be considered as occasional events that do not usually become chronic.
Convulsões durante o tratamento dialítico podem constituir uma complicação da hemodiálise. Esse artigo descreve a ocorrência de crises em pacientes em estágio final de insuficiência renal crônica sob tratamento dialítico no Instituto de Nefrologia de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram revistos os prontuários de 189 pacientes, com o objetivo de investigar a ocorrência de crises convulsivas durante o tratamento dialítico. Dos sete pacientes selecionados com história de crises, cinco concordaram em participar de nosso estudo. Três pacientes apresentaram crises generalizadas tônico-clônicas, um apresentou crise parcial com generalização subseqüente e um apresentou crise inclassificada. Três pacientes apresentaram crises apenas durante o processo dialítico (crise única) sendo que um deles apresentou status epilepticus convulsivo. Os outros dois pacientes já haviam apresentado crises antes do início do tratamento dialítico. Nós concluímos que as crises convulsivas que ocorrem em pacientes com falência renal podem ser consideradas como eventos ocasionais e que usualmente não se tornam crônicas.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Epilepsia/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Tônico-Clônica/etiologia , Epilepsia Tônico-Clônica/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Falência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To identify parameters for the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia using ultrasonography (US) and serum tumor marker (TM: CA125, CA19.9, CA15.3, AFP, CEA and estradiol) assay. METHODS: Prospective study which included 373 women with increased ovarian volume (> 18 cm3 in premenopause and > 8 cm3 in postmenopause). US criteria (> or = 1) for surgery were: persistent (> 4 months) or increased cyst, cysts with > 1 thick septum or > or = 2 thin septa, cyst diameter > or = 7 cm, vegetation, calcification or cystic predominance (> 50%), solid tumor (> 50%). Doppler with a resistance index (RI) < 0.4 was considered abnormal. RESULTS: Laparotomy was performed in 164 (44%) patients with 66 (40.2%) benign neoplasias and 19 (11.6%) malignant cases (73.6% at Stage I or II). Two hundred and nine patients were maintained on clinical follow-up. The sensitivity for neoplasia and malignant neoplasia was, respectively, for RI: 17 and 63.6 and RI plus TM: 53.1 and 90.9. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound criteria and TM assay were indicated for the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia.
Assuntos
Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias Ovarianas/sangue , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodosRESUMO
The molecular structure of human uropepsin, an aspartic proteinase from the urine produced in the form of pepsinogen A in the gastric mucosa, has been determined by molecular replacement using human pepsin as the search model. Crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 50.99, b = 75.56, c = 89.90 A. Crystallographic refinement led to an R factor of 0.161 at 2.45 A resolution. The positions of 2437 non-H protein atoms in 326 residues have been determined and the model contains 143 water molecules. The structure is bilobal, consisting of two predominantly beta-sheet lobes which, as observed in other aspartic proteinases, are related by a pseudo-twofold axis. A model of the uropepsin-pepstatin complex has been constructed based on the high-resolution crystal structure of pepsin complexed with pepstatin.
Assuntos
Endopeptidases/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Catálise , Cristalização , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pepstatinas/metabolismo , Conformação Proteica , Controle de Qualidade , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
The three-dimensional structure of human uropepsin complexed with pepstatin has been modelled using human pepsin as a template. Uropepsin is an aspartic proteinase from the urine, produced in the form of pepsinogen A in the gastric mucosa. The structure is bilobal, consisting of two predominantly beta-sheet lobes which, as observed in other aspartic proteinases, are related by a pseudo twofold axis. A structural comparison between binary complexes of pepsin:pepstatin and uropepsin:pepstatin is discussed.
Assuntos
Endopeptidases/química , Modelos Moleculares , Pepstatinas/química , Sítios de Ligação , Humanos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Conformação Proteica , Controle de Qualidade , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
Our objective was to compare food intake and nutritional status of Pemphigus Foliaceus patients (PG) on long term glucocorticoid therapy to a Control Group (CG). Fourteen PG female inpatients receiving prednisone (0.33 +/- 0.22mg/kg) for at least 12 months and twelve CG subjects were submitted to nutritional evaluation, including anthropometry, urinary creatinine determination and serum biochemical measurements, besides 48-h-based food intake records. Groups were compared by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and "t" tests. PG patients and CG were paired, respectively, in relation to age (24.7 +/- 14.1 vs. 22.0 +/- 12.0 years), body mass index (25.8 +/- 6.4 vs. 24.0 +/- 5.6kg/m2), daily protein intake (132.9 +/- 49.8 vs. 95.2 +/- 58.9g), and serum albumin (median; range) (3.8; 3.5-4.1 vs. 3.8; 3.6-5.0g/dl). However, PG patients had lower height-creatinine index (64.8 +/- 17.6 vs. 90.1 +/- 33.4%), and higher daily energy (3080 +/- 1099 vs. 2187 +/- 702kcal) and carbohydrate (376.8 +/- 135.8 vs. 242.0 +/- 80.7g) intakes. Despite high food, protein and energy consumption, PG patients on long term glucocorticoid therapy had lower body muscle mass than controls, while showing high body fat stores. These findings are possibly related to combined metabolic effects of long term corticotherapy and inflammatory disease plus corticosteroid-induced increased appetite.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Estado Nutricional , Pênfigo/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Antropometria , Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Creatinina/urina , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Pênfigo/sangue , Pênfigo/urina , Albumina Sérica/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The human cytomegalovirus is an important pathogen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The CMV viral load seems to be predictor of the development of the CMV disease in these patients. We used a multiplex PCR protocol that also provides quantitative information in those samples from which a single band is amplified and contains fewer viral genomes than those from which both targets are amplified. Monthly blood samples were collected from 270 AIDS patients. From twenty patients, two CMV targets were amplified three or more consecutive times and these patients developed CMV related disease during the study. In contrast, patients who did not result positive for both viral targets, for three or more consecutive times, or who had alternating positive and negative samples during the follow up did not present CMV related disease. The results suggest that the PCR multiplex can be used for the identification of HIV positive patients with higher risk of development of CMV disease.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Vigilância da PopulaçãoAssuntos
Transplante de Rim/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia de Substituição Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Academias e Institutos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Feminino , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrologia , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Raciais , Terapia de Substituição Renal/efeitos adversos , Terapia de Substituição Renal/mortalidadeRESUMO
Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic protease, has been purified from porcine liver using a combination of pepstatin-A agarose and Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The purified protein consists of two polypeptide chains of 15 and 30 kDa, and has an isoelectric point of 6.8. Porcine liver cathepsin D has maximum activity at pH 2.5-3.0 as determined by its activity against hemoglobin, with a Kcat of 14.3 s-1 and a kcat/KM of 2.70 x 10(6) s-1M-1 as determined by the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic peptide substrate.
Assuntos
Catepsina D/isolamento & purificação , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Fígado/enzimologia , Animais , Catepsina D/química , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ponto Isoelétrico , Cinética , Peso Molecular , Pepstatinas , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Suínos , TriazinasRESUMO
An acidic proteinase was purified from human kidney cortex. The enzyme showed a molecular mass of 31 kDa by SDS-PAGE, 36 kDa by gel filtration, and isoelectric points of 5.2 and 6.1. The optimum pH for hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin was about 3.5. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis of the incubation mixture of the enzyme with human plasma showed the presence of an active peptide on rat uterus muscle with the same retention time as the methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin (MLBK) standard. The specific activities were 2.91 micrograms MLBK equivalent mg-1.min-1 at pH 3.5 and 2.15 micrograms MLBK equivalent mg-1.min-1 at pH 6.0. All the enzymatic activities of this human kidney proteinase were inhibited by pepstatin A. Intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates with amino acid sequences of human kininogen were used to determine the cleavage points. On the N-terminal sequences (Abz-Leu-Met-Lys-Arg-Pro-Eddnp and Abz-Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Met-Lys-Arg-Pro-Eddnp) the cleavage occurred at the Leu-Met linkage, and on the C-terminal sequences (Abz-Phe-Arg-Ser-Ser-Arg-Eddnp and Abz-Phe-Arg-Ser-Ser-Arg-Gln-Eddnp) the cleavage occurred at the Arg-Ser linkage. Abz-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Ser-Ser-Arg-Gln-Eddnp++ + was hydrolyzed by the renal acidic proteinase and yielded the peptide Abz-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg (Abz-bradykinin). Kinectic parameters were determined using Abz-Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Met-Lys-Arg-Pro-Eddnp (K(m) = 0.69 +/- 0.08 microM; Kcat = 0.052 +/- 0.0095 s-1; Kcat/K(m) = 0.075 +/- 0.005 microM-1.s-1) and Abz-Phe-Arg-Ser-Ser-Arg-Gln-Eddnp (K(m) = 1.56 +/- 0.16 microM; Kcat = 0.0048 +/- 0.0001 s-1; Kcat/K(m) = 0.003 +/- 0.0003 microM-1.s-1). Human liver cathepsin D had no activity on C-terminal sequences and human pepsin hydrolyzed them at the Ser-Ser bond. The results suggest that the renal acid proteinase is distinct from human pepsin and human liver cathepsin D and releases MLBK from human kininogen.
Assuntos
Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Calicreínas/metabolismo , Córtex Renal/enzimologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Bovinos , Cães , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Calicreínas/isolamento & purificação , Cinética , Cininas/sangue , Fígado/enzimologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pepsina A/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
The correlation between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism of the adrenal central vein (ACV) wall and fibrous connective tissue neoformation in the left ventricular myocardium (LVM) of patients with chronic Chagas' disease who were autopsied was evaluated using the following procedures: 1) a comparison of the incidence of fibrosis in the LVM among 18 chagasic patients with ACV parasitism and 18 individuals without phleboparasitism; 2) a determination of fibrosis intensity in the LVM in 12 cases with ACV parasites and in 12 cases without phleboparasitism, matched with respect to age, sex, race, and anatomoclinical form of the disease (indeterminant, cardiac, and digestive forms); and 3) in the cases with ACV parasitism, a calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient between T. cruzi nests in the vessel and the intensity of fibrous connective tissue neoformation in the LVM. Among chagasic individuals with adrenal phleboparasitism, there was an increased incidence and intensity of fibrous connective tissue neoformation in the LVM, both highly significant, compared with patients without adrenal phleboparasitism. Furthermore, there was a positive, though nonsignificant, correlation (r = +0.19) between the density of nests in the ACV and the intensity of myocardial fibrosis. These results are consistent with previous data showing a higher intensity of the leukocyte exudate in the LVM and increased heart weight in individuals with T. cruzi nests in the ACV, suggesting a role of parasitism at that site in terms of the development of chronic chagasic cardiopathy.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/irrigação sanguínea , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Glândulas Suprarrenais/parasitologia , Animais , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/parasitologia , Fibrose , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Veias/parasitologiaRESUMO
Six intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptides related to the sequences Phe8 to His13, His6 to His13, and Tyr4 to His13 of the human angiotensinogen, containing o-aminobenzoyl (Abz) and ethylenediamine dinitrophenyl (EDDnp) groups at amino- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids residues, were synthesized by classical solution methods. The Leu-Val is the only bond of all obtained peptides that was hydrolyzed by human renin with different degrees of purity and was resistant to hydrolysis by pig renin and cathepsin D. The hydrolysis of Abz-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-EDDnp by human renin was inhibited by a highly specific transition-state analog of angiotensinogen (IC50 = 7.8 x 10(-9) M), described by K. Iizuka et al. (1990, J. Med. Chem. 33, 2707-2714). Therefore, specific and sensitive substrates for the continuous assay of human renin in which as little as 70 microGU of human renin could be detected by Abz-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-EDDnp were described. The optimal pHs of hydrolysis of the substrates were in the range 4 to 6.
Assuntos
Peptídeos/metabolismo , Renina/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fluorometria , Humanos , Cinética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/síntese química , Renina/antagonistas & inibidores , Renina/química , Especificidade por Substrato , SuínosRESUMO
A atividade colinesterasica foi medida no plasma e em eritrocitos de 32 individuos.Em 16 pacientes, seguramente portadores de megacolo chagasico, os niveis de colinesterase no plasma (1.540 +/- 318 UI/L) e nos eritrocitos (53,2 +/- 9,1 UI/g Hb) estavam significativamente diminuidos, quando comparados com os niveis enzimaticos no plasma (2.554 +/- 826 UI/L) e nos eritrocitos (63,6 +/- 11UI/g Hb) do grupo controle (n = 16). Os resultados mostraram um paralelismo entre a atividade colinesterasica sistemica e os achados histopatologicos
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase , Doença de Chagas , MegacoloRESUMO
Curvas de sobrevivencia a radiacao ultravioleta de culturas de diversas cepas de E. coli K 12, proficientes ou nao em sistemas de reparacao, foram obtidas apos carenciamento em glicose e em fatores indispensaveis a multiplicacao bacteriana. Estas curvas foram matematicamente ajustadas a modelo previamente descrito, o que permitiu estabelecer parametro para expressar o aumento de fotorresistencia induzida pelo carenciamento (SIRE). Os resultados obtidos reforcam a hipotese de estar o SIRE relacionado com o mecanismo de reparacao por excisao
Assuntos
Raios Ultravioleta , Escherichia coli , Efeitos da Radiação , Inanição , Reparo do DNARESUMO
A esterilizacao a quente de mono-e dissacarideos redutores, na presenca de fosfatos, em pH alcalino, promove reacoes de caramelizacao que resultam em uma serie de produtos de degradacao. Dentre estes, os de natureza aldeidica parecem ser os responsaveis pela diminuicao da viabilidade de celulas de E. coli proficientes em reparo de DNA, quando previamente irradiadas com UV. O efeito das solucoes de sacarideos redutores testados, quando mantidas as condicoes experimentais, e expresso atraves de cineticas de inativacao cujas caracteristicas sao similares; durante a incubacao o fenomeno e inibido pela presenca de catalase. Com solucoes de dissacarideos nao redutores, observa-se uma alteracao negligenciavel na viabilidade celular, sugerindo que a geracao de substancias toxicas pode estar associada a existencia de, pelo menos, um grupamento carbonila livre na estrutura do sacarideo
Assuntos
Dissacarídeos , Escherichia coli , MonossacarídeosRESUMO
When UV-irradiated, wild-type E. coli cells are incubated in buffer before plating, consequent survival increases cannot be explained by repair mechanisms alone. Regardless of UV-dose, survival after 48-hours incubation reaches a "plateau" at 10(-1) survival level. An important fraction of the irradiated cells is capable of multiplying during buffer incubation, and the same phenomenon is observed with unirradiated E. coli whenever culture concentration is lower than 10(7) cells/ml. Protein contents per viable cell decreases significantly during buffer incubation. A similar phenomenon was observed in an excision deficient strain. Macromolecule biosynthesis was also observed during buffer incubation. We conclude that, under most experimental conditions, cellular multiplication plays a very important role in liquid holding recovery experiments.