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This study evaluated the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) on pregnancy rate (PR) and size of the dominant follicle (DF) on the day of intravaginal progesterone (P4) removal in protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Bos indicus (Nellore) females (n = 392) were distributed into three groups. The control group (CG; n = 92) received an intravaginal P4 device + estradiol benzoate on day (d)0; prostaglandin F2α on d7 (first application); removal of P4 + estradiol cypionate (EC) + PGF2α (second application) + ultrasound (US) of the DF on d9; the FTAI was performed on d11; and pregnancy diagnosis (PD) was performed on d45. The bST group (bSTG; n = 142) underwent the same protocol as the CG, except that the animals received 125 mg of bST on d7. The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) group (eCGG; n = 158) underwent the same protocol as the CG, except that the animals received 300 IU of eCG on d9. The PRs of the bSTG, eCGG, and CG were 48%, 48%, and 35%, respectively (p < .05); the bSTG and eCGG showed greater PRs, with follicles 6-7.9 mm (p < .05) and 8-8.9 mm in diameter, respectively. The bSTG exhibited a greater dimension of the DF on d9 of the protocol (p < .05). The eCGG had higher PRs with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.5, and the bSTG had a BCS of 3.0 (p < .05). It was concluded that bST increased PR, bST showed better performance in smaller DF and larger follicular diameter on d9 of the protocol, eCG acted better on animals with lower BCSs, and bST can be used in FTAI.
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Hormônio do Crescimento , Inseminação Artificial , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona , Animais , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Gravidez , Bovinos , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/farmacologia , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprosta/administração & dosagem , Dinoprosta/farmacologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Administração IntravaginalRESUMO
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a major cause of lymphoma in cattle and has been recently correlated to breast cancer in humans. How and whether BLV might reach humans remains unknown but it could be through cattle-derived milk and meat. Here our aim was to investigate whether BLV DNA could be found in fresh milk and raw meat destined to human consumption and whether anti-BLV antibodies could be detected in human blood at the same geographical region. Milk (n = 36) and meat (n = 54) samples were collected from cows knowingly seropositive or negative to BLV and evaluated by nested PCR targeting BLV tax gene. Human serum samples (n = 900) were tested by ELISA to detect anti-BLV antibodies. BLV DNA was detected in 39 % of the milk samples and in 32 % of meat samples from BLV positive cows. Anti-BLV antibodies were found in 4.1 % of the human serum samples. Our data further supports the hypothesis that BLV might cause a zoonotic infection and indicate that milk and meat from BLV-infected cattle might be considered a potential source of infection to humans.
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The estimation of limits of detection (LOD) for solely qualitative methods in analytical chemistry may prove challenging because all the approaches with which chemists are familiar require some type of numeric data input. The best model to describe the binary response in these methods (detected/not detected) is a logistic model; however, these models are not easily handled by most of the laboratories and generally demand expensive statistical software packages. In this work, the advantages of applying this approach are discussed and its implementation using commercial spreadsheet software is demonstrated. A free online application based on the R environment using shinyapps was developed and its application was validated and discussed with a dataset of 57 different target compounds analyzed in urine according to the requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This tool allows free, extremely quick, and easy determinations of LOD in qualitative analyses as well as the determination of the probabilities of detection in any given concentration.
Assuntos
Dopagem Esportivo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Limite de Detecção , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , InternetRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of climate change on andrological parameters of beef bulls raised under tropical, subtropical, and temperate conditions. Bull ejaculates were collected to evaluate seminal quality parameters, sperm membrane integrity, and redox status (SOD; GPx; GSH; GRx; CARB; DCF; and SOD/GPx ratio). Bulls located in the temperate region showed a higher sperm motility rate and percentage of viable sperm (P < 0.05). When evaluating regions independently, we observed a lower GPx activity from animals in the tropical region (P < 0.05). In contrast, we found that SOD and GRx activities, GSH content, and CARB oxidative levels were higher in the tropical region, while oxidation values of DCF were lower (P < 0.05). Braford bulls showed higher CARB and DCF levels (1.23 ± 0.61 nmol/mg and 1453.60 ± 828.63 nmol/mg, respectively) compared to Hereford bulls (1.00 ± 0.43 nmol/mg and 1138.70 ± 423.24 nmol/mg, respectively) in the temperate region. However, Nellore bulls showed higher DCF levels (650.50 ± 401.53 nmol/mg) than Braford bulls (409.40 ± 286.97 nmol/mg). In addition, the SOD/GPx ratio was lower in Braford (12.44 ± 7.64 U/mg) compared to Nellore bulls in tropical conditions (87.25 ± 2.83 U/mg). A positive correlation was found in temperate conditions between DCF levels, SOD, and GRx activities (0.51, 0.58; P < 0.01, respectively), as well as in subtropical conditions between DCF levels and GRx activity (0.53; P < 0.01). A negative correlation between the temperature-humidity index and CARB content was found in subtropical and tropical regions (-0.44; P < 0.01). We concluded that Braford breeds showed lower seminal motility, DCF contents and SOD/GPx ratios compared to Nellore bulls in tropical climate conditions. Finally, in temperate environmental conditions, Braford bulls also showed lower seminal motility but higher levels of CARB and DCF contents compared to Hereford bulls. Therefore, the existence of climatic differences between the temperate and tropical regions evaluated affected Braford bulls' seminal motility and seminal redox homeostasis.
Assuntos
Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Animais , Bovinos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Espermatozoides , Superóxido Dismutase , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Thomson. This disease has great importance because it affects the animal wellbeing, causes economic losses, and hinders public health due to the toxic principle that is present in the milk of cows that ingest this plant. Early diagnosis assists in the decision making for disposal and replacement of animals in endemic regions. Despite ultrasonography is a useful tool for diagnosis of this disease, there is a lack of studies evaluating BEH in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, using ultrasound and epidemiological data and clinical signs; however, the histopathological examination is the method that provides the definitive diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of BEH in the state of Tocantins and evaluate the efficiency of bladder ultrasound examination for diagnosis and prognosis of BEH. Ten animals that presented intermittent hematuria and hypo-colored mucous membranes were subjected to clinical and complementary exams. The urine physical analysis presented light red color, high turbidity, and positive sedimentation. The ultrasonography showed a thick, irregular mass in the bladder wall, containing an echogenic liquid of high cellularity and pedunculated papillary lesions. Macro and microscopic analyses of the animals' bladders showed areas with vascular proliferation in the sub-mucous membranes associated with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate and proliferation of the epithelium. Ultrasonography is an excellent option and, combined with clinical and laboratory exams of blood and urine, enables the diagnosis and prognosis of BEH. (AU)
Hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) doença crônica causada pela ingestão de Pteridium esculentum subsp. arach-noideum (Kaulf.) Thomson. Essa intoxicação tem grande importância no bem-estar animal, causando prejuizos econômicos e na saúde pública, uma vez que o princípio tóxico está presente no leite de vacas que ingerem a planta. Em regiões endêmicas o diagnóstico precoce auxilia na tomada de decisões, como o descarte e a substituição dos animais. Apesar da ultrossonografia ser uma ferramenta diagnóstica muito útil, há uma carência de estudos de HEB no estado do Tocantins no que diz respeito aos dados ultrassonográficos, epidemiológicos e sinais clínicos; entretanto, o exame histopatológico é o diagnóstico definitivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a ocorrência da doença neste estado e avaliar a eficácia do exame ultrassonográfico da bexiga urinária para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de HEB. Foram 10 animais submetidos a exames clínicos e complementares, ao exame apresentavam hematúria intermitente e mucosas hipocoradas. A análise física da urina apresentou-se vermelho vivo, turva e com sedimentação positiva. A ultrassonografia revelou massa na parede da bexiga urinária, espessa e irregular, contendo líquido ecogênico de alta celularidade e com lesões papilares pedunculadas. A análise macro e microscópica da bexiga do ani-mal mostrou áreas com proliferação vascular na submucosa, associadas a infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear e proliferação do epitélio. Pode-se concluir que a ultrassonografia é uma excelente opção e, associada aos exames clínicos e laboratoriais de sangue e urina, possibilitou o diagnóstico e o prognóstico da doença.(AU)
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Animais , Doença Crônica/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Hematúria/diagnóstico por imagem , Bem-Estar do Animal , Pteridium/toxicidade , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and flowable bulk-fill resin composite (BFRC) for filling pulp chambers and the type of high-speed handpiece light used on dentin removal during access preparation for endodontic retreatment in molar teeth. Twenty maxillary molars were treated endodontically. BFRC (Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS, FGM) was used to fill the pulp chamber and replace coronal dentin (n = 10). In the remaining teeth, the pulp chamber was filled with GIC (Maxion R, FGM). Conventional resin composite (Opallis, FGM) was used to restore the enamel layer in all teeth. The samples in each group were divided into two subgroups, and the root canals were reaccessed using a handpiece with white or ultraviolet light. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after root canal reaccess. The dentin volume removed was calculated and analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The crown and pulp chamber locations with dentin removal are described using frequency distribution. During the access, fewer pulp chamber walls were affected and a lower volume of dentin was removed from the pulpal floor in the group restored with GIC than in the group restored with BFRC. No effect was observed on the coronal dentin walls with respect to the filling protocols and type of light used. For dentin removal from the pulp chamber, handpieces with white light performed better than those with ultraviolet light, irrespective of the filling protocol used. The use of GIC to fill the pulp chamber and use of white handpiece light reduced dentin removal from the pulpal floor and resulted in fewer affected dentin walls.
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Cavidade Pulpar , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Dentina , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , RetratamentoRESUMO
Introduction: Competency-based medical education (CBME) is being adopted worldwide. The aim of this paper is to discuss the evolution of CBME and address some perceived challenges in CBME curriculum development and implementation in postgraduate (residency) medical education. Methods: This is an opinion paper based on lived experiences and personal beliefs. The authors have professional training in medical education and are actively involved in CBME research, curriculum development and implementation around the world. Results: The issue of local and system-wide context seems to be of particular importance to individuals, programs, institutions, governing bodies and other stakeholders involved in the development and implementation of CBME programs. CBME has evolved differently at different places, and there are concerns regarding the fidelity of implementation. Stakeholders have been dealing with challenging questions in their CBME journeys, which reflect the varied, complex and dynamic nature of health and education systems. Recently, scholars have established core components of any CBME program. Discussion and conclusions: CBME design should benefit from ground-up strategies that consider the local context. It is essential to approach implementation with a quality improvement lens and pay special attention to the fidelity and integrity of the core CBME components.
Introducción: la educación médica basada en competencias (CBME) se está adoptando en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir la evolución de la CBME y abordar algunos desafíos percibidos en el desarrollo y la implementación de los estándares de CBME en la educación médica de posgrado (residencia). Métodos: este es un artículo de opinión basado en experiencias vividas y creencias personales. Los autores tienen formación profesional en educación médica y participan activamente en la investigación, el desarrollo y la implementación de programas de CBME en varios países. Resultados: la cuestión del contexto local y de todo el sistema parece ser de particular importancia para las personas, los programas, las instituciones, los órganos de gobierno y otras partes inte-resadas involucradas en el desarrollo y la implementación de los programas de CBME. La CBME ha evolucionado de manera diferente en diferentes lugares y existen preocupaciones con respecto a la fidelidad de la implementación. Las partes interesadas han estado lidiando con cuestiones difíciles en sus proyectos de CBME, que reflejan la naturaleza variada, compleja y dinámica de los sistemas de salud y educación. Recientemente, los académicos han establecido componentes centrales de cualquier programa CBME. Discusión y conclusiones: el diseño de la CBME debería beneficiarse de estrategias de base que consideren el contexto local. Sin embargo, es importante abordar la implementación con una lente de mejora de la calidad y prestar especial atención a la fidelidad e integridad de los componentes centrales de la CBME.
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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and flowable bulk-fill resin composite (BFRC) for filling pulp chambers and the type of high-speed handpiece light used on dentin removal during access preparation for endodontic retreatment in molar teeth. Twenty maxillary molars were treated endodontically. BFRC (Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS, FGM) was used to fill the pulp chamber and replace coronal dentin (n = 10). In the remaining teeth, the pulp chamber was filled with GIC (Maxion R, FGM). Conventional resin composite (Opallis, FGM) was used to restore the enamel layer in all teeth. The samples in each group were divided into two subgroups, and the root canals were reaccessed using a handpiece with white or ultraviolet light. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after root canal reaccess. The dentin volume removed was calculated and analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The crown and pulp chamber locations with dentin removal are described using frequency distribution. During the access, fewer pulp chamber walls were affected and a lower volume of dentin was removed from the pulpal floor in the group restored with GIC than in the group restored with BFRC. No effect was observed on the coronal dentin walls with respect to the filling protocols and type of light used. For dentin removal from the pulp chamber, handpieces with white light performed better than those with ultraviolet light, irrespective of the filling protocol used. The use of GIC to fill the pulp chamber and use of white handpiece light reduced dentin removal from the pulpal floor and resulted in fewer affected dentin walls.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do cimento de ionômero de vidro (GIC) e da resina composta fluida bulk fill (BFRC) usados como preenchimento da câmara pulpar; e o tipo de iluminação das turbinas de alta rotação na remoção dentinária após cavidades de acesso para retratamento endodôntico em dentes molares. Vinte molares superiores foram tratados endodonticamente. Dez dentes foram restaurados usando BFRC (Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS, FGM) para preencher a câmara pulpar e dentina coronária; e resina composta convencional (Opallis, FGM) para restaurar a camada de esmalte. Os outros dentes foram restaurados usando GIC (Maxion R, FGM) para preencher a câmara pulpar e resina composta (Opallis, FGM). As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos e os canais radiculares foram novamente acessados com turbina de alta-rotação com iluminação branca ou ultravioleta. Os dentes foram escaneados usando micro-CT antes e após o novo acesso ao canal radicular. O volume de dentina removida foi calculado e os dados foram analisados por ANOVA bidirecional e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). As regiões na coroa e na câmara pulpar que apresentaram dentina removida no acesso dos canais foram descritas por meio de distribuição por frequência. A reabertura do canal radicular com GIC resultou em menos paredes afetadas da câmara pulpar e menor volume de dentina removida no assoalho. Nenhum efeito foi observado nas paredes de dentina coronária considerando aos protocolos de preenchimento. A turbina de alta rotação com iluminação branca reduziu a remoção de dentina da câmara pulpar, independentemente do protocolo de restauração utilizado. O uso de turbina de alta rotação com iluminação branca e GIC para preencher a câmara pulpar reduziram a remoção de dentina do assoalho e afetaram menos paredes dentinárias.
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AIMS: No evidence-informed educational curriculum is available for designing urodynamics (UDS) courses. We evaluated the learning outcomes of a short-lasting urodynamic course for urology residents. METHODS: Urology residents of postgraduate years 4 and 5 (n = 13 and n = 1316, respectively) attended a 1-day urodynamic course. Learning objectives included patient preparation, indication and technique, terminology, trace interpretation, and impact on patient management. Instructional methods consisted of short lectures (3 h) and case-based discussions (7.5 h). Learners' reactions, modifications of perceptions and attitudes, and acquisition of knowledge and skills were assessed by three written tests with a single group, pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 design. Tests were conducted precourse, 1 week after, and 4 months after the course. RESULTS: All participants felt more confident in several urodynamic competencies after the course, including patient preparation, urodynamic indication and technique, terminology, trace interpretation, and impact for patient management. These perceptions remained unchanged after 4 months. Most became stricter in the indication of UDS, including 20 (87.0%) at posttest 1 and 8 (66.7%) at posttest 2. The mean number of correct answers in the knowledge evaluation was 52.2% versus 61.4% versus 56.7%, respectively at pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2; p = 0.535). All participants rated the course as very useful or useful in both posttest evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that a 1-day urodynamic course can promote lasting improvements in self-reported perceptions, attitudes, and urodynamic-related competencies of urology residents. Further studies using evidence-informed educational principles are needed to determine the effect of specific educational interventions on urodynamic competencies in different contexts.
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Competência Clínica/normas , Internato e Residência/normas , Urodinâmica/fisiologia , Urologia/educação , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Conhecimento , Masculino , PercepçãoRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the influence of three levels of dental structure loss on stress distribution and bite load in root canal-treated young molar teeth that were filled with bulk-fill resin composite, using finite element analysis (FEA) to predict clinical failure. Methodology Three first mandibular molars with extensive caries lesions were selected in teenager patients. The habitual occlusion bite force was measured using gnathodynamometer before and after endodontic/restoration procedures. The recorded bite forces were used as input for patient-specific FEA models, generated from cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) scans of the teeth before and after treatment. Loads were simulated using the contact loading of the antagonist molars selected based on the CT scans and clinical evaluation. Pre and post treatment bite forces (N) in the 3 patients were 30.1/136.6, 34.3/133.4, and 47.9/124.1. Results Bite force increased 260% (from 36.7±11.6 to 131.9±17.8 N) after endodontic and direct restoration. Before endodontic intervention, the stress concentration was located in coronal tooth structure; after rehabilitation, the stresses were located in root dentin, regardless of the level of tooth structure loss. The bite force used on molar teeth after pulp removal during endodontic treatment resulted in high stress concentrations in weakened tooth areas and at the furcation. Conclusion Extensive caries negatively affected the bite force. After pulp removal and endodontic treatment, stress and strain concentrations were higher in the weakened dental structure. Root canal treatment associated with direct resin composite restorative procedure could restore the stress-strain conditions in permanent young molar teeth.
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Força de Mordida , Resinas Compostas/química , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Dente Molar , Dente não Vital/terapia , Criança , Força Compressiva , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Módulo de Elasticidade , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Modelagem Computacional Específica para o Paciente , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resistência à Tração , Dente não Vital/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of three levels of dental structure loss on stress distribution and bite load in root canal-treated young molar teeth that were filled with bulk-fill resin composite, using finite element analysis (FEA) to predict clinical failure. Methodology Three first mandibular molars with extensive caries lesions were selected in teenager patients. The habitual occlusion bite force was measured using gnathodynamometer before and after endodontic/restoration procedures. The recorded bite forces were used as input for patient-specific FEA models, generated from cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) scans of the teeth before and after treatment. Loads were simulated using the contact loading of the antagonist molars selected based on the CT scans and clinical evaluation. Pre and post treatment bite forces (N) in the 3 patients were 30.1/136.6, 34.3/133.4, and 47.9/124.1. Results Bite force increased 260% (from 36.7±11.6 to 131.9±17.8 N) after endodontic and direct restoration. Before endodontic intervention, the stress concentration was located in coronal tooth structure; after rehabilitation, the stresses were located in root dentin, regardless of the level of tooth structure loss. The bite force used on molar teeth after pulp removal during endodontic treatment resulted in high stress concentrations in weakened tooth areas and at the furcation. Conclusion Extensive caries negatively affected the bite force. After pulp removal and endodontic treatment, stress and strain concentrations were higher in the weakened dental structure. Root canal treatment associated with direct resin composite restorative procedure could restore the stress-strain conditions in permanent young molar teeth.
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Humanos , Criança , Força de Mordida , Resinas Compostas/química , Dente não Vital/terapia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Dente Molar , Valores de Referência , Resistência à Tração , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Dente não Vital/diagnóstico por imagem , Força Compressiva , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Módulo de Elasticidade , Modelagem Computacional Específica para o PacienteRESUMO
Objective: to evaluate the incidence of chronic pain and its impact on the quality of life of patients submitted to inguinal hernioplasty using the Lichtenstein technique. Methods: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of patients operated under spinal anesthesia from February 2013 to February 2015 and who had already completed six postoperative months. We questioned patients about the presence of chronic inguinal pain and, if confirmed, invited them to a consultation in which we assessed the pain and its impact on quality of life. Results: out of 158 patients submitted to the procedure, we identified 7.6% as having inguinodynia. Of these, there was an impact on the quality of life in 25%. Conclusion: the incidence of inguinodynia after hernioplasty with repercussion in quality of life was similar to the one of found in the world literature.
Objetivo: avaliar a incidência de dor crônica e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal pela técnica de Lichtenstein. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, de pacientes operados de hérnia inguinal pela técnica de Lichtenstein sob anestesia raquidiana, no período de fevereiro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015, e que já haviam completado seis meses de pós-operatório. Os pacientes foram questionados sobre a presença de dor inguinal crônica e, caso confirmada, convidados a uma consulta na qual foi feita análise da qualidade da dor e seu impacto na qualidade de vida. Resultados: do total de 158 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento, 7,6% foram identificados como portadores de inguinodinia. Destes, houve impacto na qualidade de vida em 25%. Conclusão: observou-se incidência de inguinodinia pós-hernioplastia com repercussão na qualidade de vida semelhante à literatura mundial.
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Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Canal Inguinal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the incidence of chronic pain and its impact on the quality of life of patients submitted to inguinal hernioplasty using the Lichtenstein technique. Methods : this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of patients operated under spinal anesthesia from February 2013 to February 2015 and who had already completed six postoperative months. We questioned patients about the presence of chronic inguinal pain and, if confirmed, invited them to a consultation in which we assessed the pain and its impact on quality of life. Results : out of 158 patients submitted to the procedure, we identified 7.6% as having inguinodynia. Of these, there was an impact on the quality of life in 25%. Conclusion : the incidence of inguinodynia after hernioplasty with repercussion in quality of life was similar to the one of found in the world literature.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a incidência de dor crônica e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal pela técnica de Lichtenstein. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, de pacientes operados de hérnia inguinal pela técnica de Lichtenstein sob anestesia raquidiana, no período de fevereiro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015, e que já haviam completado seis meses de pós-operatório. Os pacientes foram questionados sobre a presença de dor inguinal crônica e, caso confirmada, convidados a uma consulta na qual foi feita análise da qualidade da dor e seu impacto na qualidade de vida. Resultados: do total de 158 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento, 7,6% foram identificados como portadores de inguinodinia. Destes, houve impacto na qualidade de vida em 25%. Conclusão: observou-se incidência de inguinodinia pós-hernioplastia com repercussão na qualidade de vida semelhante à literatura mundial.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Herniorrafia , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Incidência , Estudos Transversais , Canal Inguinal , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Natural products extracted from plants represent a valuable source of new bioactive substances. Many studies describe the potential of plant products for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Species of the Mandevilla genus have been studied for their biological activities, mainly as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant. However, the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of Mandevilla moricandiana have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasodilator effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. moricandiana, as well as its chemical profile. Chemical analysis and quantification of major compounds were performed by HPLC analysis. Total flavonoid content was quantified based on rutin equivalents, and major compounds were identified based on HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. M. moricandiana leaf extract-induced vasodilation was investigated in rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. The total flavonoids were quantified as 3.25 ± 0.11â% w/w of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract, and HPLC-DAD-MS allowed for the identification of luteolin and quercetin glycosides. The maximal relaxant effect of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract was 86.07 ± 1.68â% at a concentration of 30 µg/mL (p < 0.05; n = 6). The concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. moricandiana necessary to reduce phenylephrine-induced contractions of the endothelium-intact aorta by 50â% was 0.82 ± 0.10 µg/mL. M. moricandiana leaf extract-induced vasodilation was abolished in aortas pretreated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one. In addition, diphenhydramine partially inhibited the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. moricandiana. Thus, M. moricandiana-induced relaxation depends on the endothelium and on the activation of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway, with the involvement of endothelial histamine H1 receptors. Luteolin and quercetin glycosides seem to contribute to the extract activity.
Assuntos
Apocynaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/efeitos adversos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fenilefrina/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vasoconstritores/efeitos adversos , Vasodilatadores/química , Vasodilatadores/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Os mecanismos de regulação da reprodução de fêmeas são de importância fundamental para o sucesso da reprodução convencional ou assistida. O folículo é a unidade funcional do ovário de fêmeas das espécies mamíferas, tendo como principais funções o crescimento e a maturação dos oócitos, bem como a produção de hormônios esteróides. Vários fatores agem de forma conjunta na regulação destas atividades por meio de mecanismos endócrinos, autócrinos e parácrinos, estimulando a atividade mitogênica de oócitos quiescentes e, atividade esteroidogênica de células da teca e da granulosa. Entre os fatores regulatórios existem alguns que agem de forma estimulante, tais como o receptor da proteína ligante (c-KITL), o sistema de fatores de crescimento ligados à insulina (IGFs), o complexo ativina e folistatina e a superfamília do fator transformador de crescimento- (TGF-). Outros fatores agem de forma inibitória, tais como a inibina, a proteína retinoblastoma, expressa em oócitos, igualmente ao gene de Wilms (WTI). No presente trabalho, objetivou-se abordar os mecanismos regulatórios da foliculogênese e sua importância na fisiologia reprodutiva de ovelhas.(AU)
The regulatory mechanisms of females´ reproduction are crucial to the success of conventional or assisted breeding. The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary of the female mammal species, being its major functions the growth and maturation of oocytes, as well as the production of steroid hormones. Several factors act jointly on the regulation of these activities through endocrine, autocrine and paracrine mechanisms stimulating the mitogenic activity of quiescent oocytes and also steroidogenic activity of the theca cells and of the granulosa. Among the regulatory factors, there are some that act in a stimulant way, such as the receptor of the binding protein (c-KITL), the system of growth factors related to insulin (IGFs), the activin and follistatin complex, and the super family of growth- transforming factor (TGF-). Other agents are inhibitory, such as inhibin, the retinoblastoma protein, expressed in oocytes, as the Wilms gene (WTI). This paper aims to review the regulatory mecha¬nisms of folliculogenesis and its importance in the reproductive physiology of ewes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovinos/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta , Endocrinologia/métodosRESUMO
The regulatory mechanisms of females´ reproduction are crucial to the success of conventional or assisted breeding. The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary of the female mammal species, being its major functions the growth and maturation of oocytes, as well as the production of steroid hormones. Several factors act jointly on the regulation of these activities through endocrine, autocrine and paracrine mechanisms stimulating the mitogenic activity of quiescent oocytes and also steroidogenic activity of the theca cells and of the granulosa. Among the regulatory factors, there are some that act in a stimulant way, such as the receptor of the binding protein (c-KITL), the system of growth factors related to insulin (IGFs), the activin and follistatin complex, and the super family of growth- transforming factor (TGF-). Other agents are inhibitory, such as inhibin, the retinoblastoma protein, expressed in oocytes, as the Wilms gene (WTI). This paper aims to review the regulatory mecha¬nisms of folliculogenesis and its importance in the reproductive physiology of ewes.
Os mecanismos de regulação da reprodução de fêmeas são de importância fundamental para o sucesso da reprodução convencional ou assistida. O folículo é a unidade funcional do ovário de fêmeas das espécies mamíferas, tendo como principais funções o crescimento e a maturação dos oócitos, bem como a produção de hormônios esteróides. Vários fatores agem de forma conjunta na regulação destas atividades por meio de mecanismos endócrinos, autócrinos e parácrinos, estimulando a atividade mitogênica de oócitos quiescentes e, atividade esteroidogênica de células da teca e da granulosa. Entre os fatores regulatórios existem alguns que agem de forma estimulante, tais como o receptor da proteína ligante (c-KITL), o sistema de fatores de crescimento ligados à insulina (IGFs), o complexo ativina e folistatina e a superfamília do fator transformador de crescimento- (TGF-). Outros fatores agem de forma inibitória, tais como a inibina, a proteína retinoblastoma, expressa em oócitos, igualmente ao gene de Wilms (WTI). No presente trabalho, objetivou-se abordar os mecanismos regulatórios da foliculogênese e sua importância na fisiologia reprodutiva de ovelhas.
RESUMO
A eficiência reprodutiva obtida no rebanho é dependente da fertilidade de ambos os progenitores. Entretanto, tende-se a atribuir maior responsabilidade pelos baixos índices de fertilidade ao final da estação de monta à fêmea, negligenciando-se a avaliação do reprodutor frente a estes resultados. Contudo, deve-se conferir maior importância às variáveis relacionadas ao macho, as quais podem contribuir diretamente para a determinação de menores taxas de fertilidade. Dentre essas variáveis destaca-se a qualidade seminal, sendo primariamente avaliada pela motilidade e morfologia espermática. No entanto, atualmente empregam-se exa- mes mais minuciosos, como: identificação de fatores de crescimento no plasma seminal, razão colesterol/fosfolipídios na membrana espermática, integridade das membranas acrossomal, mitocondrial e espermática exigindo, desta maneira, um conhecimento mais abrangente, por parte do examinador, para que se possa ter um maior poder diagnóstico e preditivo da fertilidade do reprodutor a ser utilizado.(AU)
Reproductive efficiency in the herd depends on the fertility of both mates. However, we tend to blame low fertility at the end of the breeding season to the female, ne- glecting to assess the male facing these results. However, more emphasis should be given on variables related to the male which can contribute directly to the de- termination of lower fertility rate. Among these variables, sperm quality is pointed out, which is primarily evaluated by motility and morphology. However, nowadays more detailed examinations are employed, such as identification of growth factors in seminal plasma, cholesterol/phospholipids ratio in the sperm membrane, acroso- me, mitochondrial and sperm membrane integrity, requiring a more comprehensive knowledge on the part of the examiner, who may have a greater diagnostic and predictive power of the fertility of the breeder to be used.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Fosfolipídeos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Análise do Sêmen , Fertilidade , CavalosRESUMO
A maturação oocitária é um ponto determinante para a aquisição da capacidade do oócito em ser fecundado, sendo regulada pela combinação de modificações nas células do estroma ovariano, pela influência de hormônios esteroides, de gonado- tropinas hipofisárias, dos fatores de crescimento e de certas proteínas, como por exemplo, a proteína quinase ativada por mitógeno e o fator promotor de maturação, que possibilitam o desenvolvimento embrionário, mas que requerem interações altamente dinâmicas no compartimento folicular para que se possa determinar o ponto de parada e reinício da maturação, para, então, sofrer a ovulação.(AU)
Oocyte maturation is defined by the acquisition of full capability by the female gamete to be fertilized. It is regulated by a combination of several factors including: modifications of the follicular cells, steroids, gonadotropins, growth factors, and certain proteins (e.g. mitogen activated protein kinase and maturation promoting factor). Mitogen activated protein kinase and maturation promoting factors have deminstrated to assist the embryonary development of the oocyte. This is a highly dynamic and finely regulated path in the follicle. These path will determine the stop ping and restarting points of the oocyte maturation, in order to later allow ovulation. Therefore, the aim of this publication is to describe fundamental physiological means of the oocyte maturation in mammals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Oócitos , Fator Promotor de Maturação , Células Estromais , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , GonadotropinasRESUMO
This study aimed to obtain the protein and liquid energy requirements from lactating ewes under two nutritional managements during pregnancy and under two types of pregnancy. Experimental tests were conducted at the Animal Metabolism and Calorimetry Laboratory on Department of Animal Science from Veterinary School of UFMG. For the experimental testing, were used 28 Santa Ines sheeps in a completely randomized design under 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, considering two pregnancy types (single and double) and two nutritional managements (with and without restriction). Sheeps were placed on the platform and contained for milking. To analyse data regarding milking weeks it was used the model of repeated measures in time. The experimental groups were evaluated using the SNK test at 5% significance level. (1) Diets were compound of corn meal (Zea mays), soybean meal (Glycine max), chopped Tifton grass hay (Cynodon spp.) and limestone. Sheeps specific mineralsupplement was offered ad libitum to the animals Milk production was not affected by nutritional management, as the amount of fat, protein and, energy from milk. The same results were observed to energy and protein requirements. This fact shows that the nutritional management, per se, was not able to change the variables studied. The double pregnancy produced more milk, fat and protein in milk increasing its energy value. Energy
Objetivou-se determinar as necessidades de proteína e energia líquida de ovelhas em lactação submetidas a dois manejos nutricionais na gestação e dois tipos de gestação. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos nas instalações do Laboratório de Metabolismo e Calorimetria Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG. Foram utilizadas 28 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x2, e considerou-se dois tipos de gestação (simples e gemelar) e dois tipos de manejo nutricional (com e sem restrição). As ovelhas eram colocadas sobre plataforma e contidas para realização da ordenha. Para análise dos dados referentes às semanas em lactação utilizou-se o modelo de medidas repetidas no tempo. Os grupos experimentais foram avaliados mediante utilização do teste SNK a 5% de significância. A produção de leite não foi afetada pelo manejo nutricional, bem como a quantidade de gordura, proteína, energia e as necessidades em energia e proteína. Portanto, ficou evidenciado neste estudo que somente o manejo nutricional não foi capaz de alterar as variáveis estudadas. Ovelhas com gestação dupla apresentaram maior produção de leite, maiores teores de gordura e proteína no leite bem como maior valor energético do mesmo. As necessidades em energia e proteína foram maiores para ovelhas com gestação dupla. A produç
RESUMO
This study aimed to obtain the protein and liquid energy requirements from lactating ewes under two nutritional managements during pregnancy and under two types of pregnancy. Experimental tests were conducted at the Animal Metabolism and Calorimetry Laboratory on Department of Animal Science from Veterinary School of UFMG. For the experimental testing, were used 28 Santa Ines sheeps in a completely randomized design under 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, considering two pregnancy types (single and double) and two nutritional managements (with and without restriction). Sheeps were placed on the platform and contained for milking. To analyse data regarding milking weeks it was used the model of repeated measures in time. The experimental groups were evaluated using the SNK test at 5% significance level. (1) Diets were compound of corn meal (Zea mays), soybean meal (Glycine max), chopped Tifton grass hay (Cynodon spp.) and limestone. Sheeps specific mineralsupplement was offered ad libitum to the animals Milk production was not affected by nutritional management, as the amount of fat, protein and, energy from milk. The same results were observed to energy and protein requirements. This fact shows that the nutritional management, per se, was not able to change the variables studied. The double pregnancy produced more milk, fat and protein in milk increasing its energy value. Energy
Objetivou-se determinar as necessidades de proteína e energia líquida de ovelhas em lactação submetidas a dois manejos nutricionais na gestação e dois tipos de gestação. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos nas instalações do Laboratório de Metabolismo e Calorimetria Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG. Foram utilizadas 28 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x2, e considerou-se dois tipos de gestação (simples e gemelar) e dois tipos de manejo nutricional (com e sem restrição). As ovelhas eram colocadas sobre plataforma e contidas para realização da ordenha. Para análise dos dados referentes às semanas em lactação utilizou-se o modelo de medidas repetidas no tempo. Os grupos experimentais foram avaliados mediante utilização do teste SNK a 5% de significância. A produção de leite não foi afetada pelo manejo nutricional, bem como a quantidade de gordura, proteína, energia e as necessidades em energia e proteína. Portanto, ficou evidenciado neste estudo que somente o manejo nutricional não foi capaz de alterar as variáveis estudadas. Ovelhas com gestação dupla apresentaram maior produção de leite, maiores teores de gordura e proteína no leite bem como maior valor energético do mesmo. As necessidades em energia e proteína foram maiores para ovelhas com gestação dupla. A produç