RESUMO
Normal prostate development is highly dependent of an equilibrated hormonal regulation, so that sensible interferences during this period may predispose the gland to lesions during aging. Industrial activities have increased the exposure of this gland to active elements found in environment, such as aluminum (Al). Al presents toxic effect for living beings, having the potential to disrupt the development and growth of several organs and systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the prenatal exposure to Al may alter the development and morphophysiology of the gerbil prostate (Meriones unguiculatus). Pregnant females were orally exposed to aluminum chloride (100â¯mg/kg/day) from 17th to 21th gestational day. Following the birth, the male and female pups were euthanized with 1 (PN1) and 90-days-old (PN90). The prostates were collected for biometrical, three-dimensional reconstruction, morphometrical, stereological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results indicated that Al decreases the body weight of PN1 males and females, and also reduce the anogenital distance of PN1 females. Moreover, Al changed the prostate developmental patterns of PN1 animals, causing an increase in proliferative status and decreasing androgen receptor immunostaining. The results suggest that Al-promoted changes were permanent, since low androgen receptor frequency, increased serum testosterone levels and high proliferation index were observed in adult gerbils. This study demonstrated that body and prostatic changes were more pronounced in females than in males, and that Al performed as an endocrine-disrupting chemical in gerbils.
Assuntos
Cloreto de Alumínio/toxicidade , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Feminino , Gerbillinae , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
Parabens are xenoestrogens widely employed in cosmetics, foodstuffs, and pharmaceutical products. These chemicals are known to disrupt hormone-dependent organs, due to their binding affinity for hormonal receptors. Although recent studies have evaluated the endocrine-disrupting potential of parabens in several reproductive organs, few have investigated the effects of these chemicals in the prostate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of oral exposure to methylparaben (500 mg/kg/day) for 3, 7, and 21 days on male and female adult gerbil prostate. For this purpose, we employed biometrical, morphological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that methylparaben caused morphological changes in gerbil prostates in all experimental groups. These animals displayed similar alterations such as prostate epithelial hyperplasia, increased cell proliferation, and a higher frequency of AR-positive cells. However, the prostate of the female gerbil showed additional changes such as stromal inflammatory infiltration, intraepithelial neoplasia foci, and an increase in AR-positive frequency. Altogether, these data show that methylparaben was responsible for disrupting estrogenic and androgenic receptors, suggesting that parabens may have estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects in the prostate.