RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of practice on learning the o soto gari, focusing on the kuzushi (unbalancing the opponent). A total of 64 children (mean age 9.19 ± 1.41 years) were assigned to one of four groups: (1) static traditional practice, i.e., uchikomi - repetition of the moving pattern that characterises the technique up to the point of throwing; (2) in motion traditional practice - uchikomi with the tori (player executing the technique) moving/walking; (3) whole practice with pre-kuzushi - full technique with a preparatory component for kuzushi; (4) progressive parts practice with pre-kuzushi - progressively introducing kuzushi, tsukuri (set-up to execute the technique) and kake (final part of the technique; projection) with pre-kuzushi. Pre-test, acquisition, post-test and retention test were carried out. Movements were video recorded and analysed regarding three aspects: global technique of the tori, occurrence of a movement pattern performed by the tori to unbalance the uke (player receiving the "attack"), and occurrence of actual unbalance (kuzushi). Results showed no significant differences between-groups. However, different within-groups improvements suggest that using a uchikomi with pre-kuzushi can help learners deal with the motor actions of pulling and pushing in order to unbalance the opponent.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem , Artes Marciais/fisiologia , Artes Marciais/psicologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Prática Psicológica , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MovimentoRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e validar duas listas de checagem para avaliação qualitativa do golpe de judô o soto gari, uma referente à configuração global e outra relativa à fase de desequilíbrio (kuzushi). Em ambas as listas, (a) ao menos 90% dos peritos em judô avaliaram os itens como claros, adequados tecnicamente e viáveis para aplicação em contextos de pesquisa e (b) os índices de correlação intra e interavaliadores atingiram, no mínimo, 0,80 na configuração global e 0,70 no desequilíbrio. Assim, pode-se concluir que as listas propostas apresentaram teor representativo do golpe e mostraram-se fidedignas.
This study aimed at creating and validating two checklists for the qualitative assessment of the judo throwing technique o soto gari, one concerning to the global movement and other to the unbalance phase (kuzushi). On both checklists, (a) at least 90% of the judo experts evaluated the items as clear, technically adequate and viable for research purposes and (b) within- and between-judges correlation indexes were higher than 0.80 for the global movement and than 0.70 for the unbalance phase. It can be concluded therefore that the proposed checklists showed solid content of the technique and were reliable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Atletas , Artes Marciais , Estudos de Validação como AssuntoRESUMO
Technical actions performed by two groups of judokas who won medals at World Championships and Olympic Games during the period 1995-2001 were analyzed. In the Super Elite group (n = 17) were the best athletes in each weight category. The Elite group (n = 16) were medal winners who were not champions and did not win more than three medals. Super Elite judokas used a greater number of throwing techniques which resulted in scores, even when expressed relative to the total number of matches performed, and these techniques were applied in more directions than those of Elite judokas. Further, the number of different throwing techniques and the variability of directions in which techniques were applied were significantly correlated with number of wins and the number of points and ippon scored. Thus, a greater number of throwing techniques and use of directions for attack seem to be important in increasing unpredictability during judo matches.
Assuntos
Logro , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Artes Marciais/fisiologia , Artes Marciais/psicologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Julgamento , Cinestesia/fisiologia , Masculino , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologiaRESUMO
A aquisição de habilidades motoras implica em estabilização funcional e aplicação do que foi adquiridoa novas situações. Esse processo dinâmico caracteriza um ciclo de instabilidade-estabilidade-instabilidade, que resulta em crescente complexidade e pressupõe a reconsideração de fatores de incerteza e desordem. O conhecimento de resultados (CR), informação externa para o aprendiz sobre o resultado do movimento, é um fator que permite a manipulação da quantidade de certeza relativamente à meta. A presente pesquisa teve o propósito de estudar a integralidade do fornecimento de CR no processo adaptativo em aprendizagem motora. Segundo os resultados, CR fornecido apenas quando o erro ultrapassa um limite preestabelecido não prejudicou a aquisição de uma habilidade motora de controle de força manual.