RESUMO
The leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is one of the most damaging agricultural pests in the Neotropics. Management strategies predominantly rely on the use of general insecticides. What is needed are more species-specific and environmentally friendly options. Parasitioids such as phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) may be one such option, but a greater understanding of the ecology of the flies and their ant hosts is essential to devise biological control strategies. Here we report parasitism rates, ant host size, parasitoid abundance per host and resultant sex ratios of two phorid species Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier and Eibesfeldtphora tonhascai Brown parasitizing A.sexdens. The two species achieved parasitism rates of 1.48 and 1.46%, respectively and the pupal period was 14.7 ± 1.1 days and 22.1 ± 2.8 days, respectively. There was no significant difference between the head capsule width of ants parasitized by either A. attophilus or E. tonhascai. Likewise, there was no significant effect between the head capsule width of parasitized and unparasitized ants for both species. A significant positive correlation was found between the head capsule width of the parasitized ants and the number of adult parasitoids A. attophilus emerged. Ants parasitized by E. tonhascai survived significantly longer than those parasitized by A. attophilus. There was no significant effect of ant head width on the sex ratio of the offspring of either parasitoid species and no significant difference in the sex ratio (male: female) of their offspring. In summary, these data addressed here are important steps when considering natural enemies for biological control. Studying survival of the parasitized ants, parasitoid offspring sex ratio and host size preference allows for a better understanding of ant natural biological control in the field and can help in rearing of A. attophilus and E. tonhascai in laboratory.
Assuntos
Formigas/parasitologia , Dípteros/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Reprodução , Razão de MasculinidadeRESUMO
The aim of this review is to describe the different imaging appearances of benign and malignant papillary breast lesions on mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, according to the World Health Organization histopathological classifications. The classification and morphological imaging characteristics of papillary lesions remain challenging for pathologists and radiologists. Despite the difficulty of classifying these lesions, our review and those of others suggest that morphology is associated with clinically meaningful staging and outcome implications. Imaging can help to differentiate the forms of papillary lesion, but surgical specimens are required for definitive diagnosis in the majority of cases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Mamografia , Ultrassonografia Mamária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
A Fibromialgia é uma síndrome crônica não inflamatória, de etiologia ainda desconhecida. Apresenta, entre outros sintomas, fadiga excessiva, distúrbios do sono, depressão e cefaleia, além de dores difusas e localizadas em pontos específicos conhecidos como "tender points". A farmacologia é forma de tratamento mais comum, porém os resultados encontrados nesse método parecem ser parcialmente satisfatórios. A prática de atividade física mostra-se uma alternativa de intervenção de baixo custo que pode gerar benefícios no controle dos sintomas da doença, porém, na literatura este método mostra-se fragmentado e pouco acessível aos profissionais da saúde. Objetivo: verificar a relação entre fibromialgia e atividade física, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica. Métodos: foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PEDro, Lilacs, Elsevier, Embase, PubMed, BioMed, Scielo, Acervus, Dedalus, Athena e Cochrane. Resultados: foram selecionados para leitura e fichamento, por relevância ao tema, 34 artigos, 3 teses e 2 dissertações. Conclusões: a prática da atividade física, realizada de forma regular e orientada, diminui os sintomas da fibromialgia, gerando bem estar e qualidade de vida aos pacientes. Porém, são necessários mais estudos que avaliem de modo longitudinal os efeitos do exercício no tratamento dessa síndrome...
Fibromyalgia is a non-inflammatory chronic syndrome of unknown etiology. Presents excessive fatigue, sleep disturbances, depression and headache, diffuse and localized pain at specific points known as "tender points". The pharmacology is most common form of treatment, but the results found in this method appear to be partially satisfactory. The physical activity is shown an alternative low-cost intervention that can generate benefits in controlling the symptoms of the disease. However, the literature shows that this method is fragmented and not easily accessible to health professionals. Objective: To investigate the relationship between fibromyalgia and physical activity, from a literature review point of view. Methods: The databases PEDro, Lilacs, Elsevier, Embase, PubMed, BioMed, SciELO, Collections, Dedalus, Athenaand Cochrane databases were searched. Results: were selected forreading and report for relevance to the topic, 34 articles, three thesisand two dissertations. Conclusions: Physical activity performed on a regular and oriented basis decreases symptoms of fibromyalgia, generating well-being and quality of life for patients. However, it isnecessary more longitudinal studies assessing of effects of exercisein the treatment of this syndrome...
Assuntos
Humanos , Exercício Físico , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Fibromialgia/terapia , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Um dos comprometimentos motores evidentes na hemiplegia e atendencia em manter-se em posicao de assimetria postural, com distribuicao de peso menor sobre o lado hemiplegico, transferindo o peso corporal para o lado nao afetado. Essa assimetria e dificuldade em transferir o peso para o lado afetado interferem na capacidade de manter o controle postural, impedindo...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Hemiplegia , Postura , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
1. Effects of diazepam (DZP) or haloperidol (HAL) on convulsions and behavioral responses (locomotion, circling, spying and head shaking) induced by bilateral electrical stimulation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined. 2. Male Wistar rats were electrically stimulated (ten 30-sec trains, 60 Hz, 80-100 microA) bilaterally in the mPFC and their behavior was simultaneously observed in an open field in daily session. 3. DZP and HAL dose-response curves (0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before electrical stimulation session) were determined after a baseline of behavioral responses was established. 4. DZP dose-dependently decreased head shaking and convulsions, had no effect in circling and spying behaviors, and increased locomotion except at the highest dose. HAL reduced locomotion, circling and spying behaviors in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect convulsions or head shaking. 5. These results demonstrated that convulsion and behavioral responses induced by electrical activation of the mPFC were modified by DZP or HAL. Therefore, the mPFC is involved in the mediation of neural and/or behavioral activity that may be implicated in some central effects of psychoactive drugs.