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The mechanisms of population of the lowest excited triplet states of 6-aza-2-thiothymine were investigated by means of CASPT2//CASSCF quantum-chemical calculations, with extensive atomic natural orbital basis sets of double-ζ quality (ANO-L-VDZP). Several key structures corresponding to equilibrium geometries, surface crossings, minimum energy paths, and linear interpolation in internal coordinates were used to explain the ability to sensitize molecular oxygen. After population of the S2(1)(ππ*) state, the system evolves to the state minimum. At this point, and along the minimum energy path of the (1)(ππ*) state, two main mechanisms related to the triplet and singlet manifolds can be visualized, leading the system to the lowest triplet state, T1(3)(ππ*).

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RESUMO

The photophysics of 8-azaadenine (8-AA) has been studied with the CASPT2//CASSCF protocol and ANO-L double-ζ basis sets. Stationary equilibrium structures, surface crossings, minimum energy paths, and linear interpolations have been used to study possible mechanisms to populate the lowest triplet state, T(1)(3)(ππ*), capable of sensitizing molecular oxygen. Our results show that two main mechanisms can occur after photoexcitation to the S(2)(1)(ππ*) state. The first one is through the S(2)/S(1) conical intersection (((1)ππ*/(1)nπ*)(CI)), leading to the S(1) ((1)nπ*) state minimum, (S(1) ((1)nπ*))(min), where a singlet-triplet crossing, ((1)nπ*/(3)ππ*)(STC), is accessible. The second one starts with the ((1)ππ*/(3)nπ*)(STC) at the (S(2)((1)ππ*))(min), from which the system can evolve to the (T(2) ((3)nπ*))(min), with subsequent population of the T(1) excited electronic state, due to the ((3)nπ*/(3)ππ*)(CI) conical intersection.

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In this contribution, the multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory method based on a complete active space reference wave function (CASSCF/CASPT2) is applied to study all possible single and double proton/hydrogen transfers between the nucleobases in the adenine-thymine (AT) base pair, analyzing the role of excited states with different nature [localized (LE) and charge transfer (CT)], and considering concerted as well as step-wise mechanisms. According to the findings, once the lowest excited states, localized in adenine, are populated during UV irradiation of the Watson-Crick base pair, the proton transfer in the N-O bridge does not require high energy in order to populate a CT state. The latter state will immediately relax toward a crossing with the ground state, which will funnel the system to either the canonical structure or the imino-enol tautomer. The base pair is also capable of repairing itself easily since the imino-enol species is unstable to thermal conversion.

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The nonadiabatic photochemistry of 6-azauracil has been studied by means of the CASPT2//CASSCF protocol and double-ζ plus polarization ANO basis sets. Minimum energy states, transition states, minimum energy paths, and surface intersections have been computed in order to obtain an accurate description of several potential energy hypersurfaces. It is concluded that, after absorption of ultraviolet radiation (248 nm), two main relaxation mechanisms may occur, via which the lowest (3)(ππ*) state can be populated. The first one takes place via a conical intersection involving the bright (1)(ππ*) and the lowest (1)(nπ*) states, ((1)ππ*/(1)nπ*)(CI), from which a low-energy singlet-triplet crossing, ((1)nπ*/(3)ππ*)(STC), connecting the (1)(nπ*) state to the lowest (3)(ππ*) triplet state is accessible. The second mechanism arises via a singlet-triplet crossing, ((1)ππ*/(3)nπ*)(STC), leading to a conical intersection in the triplet manifold, ((3)nπ*/(3)ππ*)(CI), evolving to the lowest (3)(ππ*) state. Further radiationless decay to the ground state is possible through a (gs/(3)ππ*)(STC).

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Multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory, with the inclusion of relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling, was employed to investigate the nature of the ground and low-lying Lambda-S and Omega states of the TcN molecule. Spectroscopic constants, effective bond order, and potential energy curves for 13 low-lying Lambda-S states and 5 Omega states are given. The computed ground state of TcN is of Omega = 3 symmetry (R(e) = 1.605 A and omega(e) = 1085 cm(-1)), originating mainly from the (3)Delta Lambda-S ground state. This result is contrasted with the nature of the ground state for other VIIB transtion-metal mononitrides, including X(3)Sigma(-) symmetry for MnN and Omega = 0(+) symmetry for ReN, derived also from a X(3)Sigma(-) state.

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The low-lying XSigma+, a3Delta, A1Delta, b3Sigma+, B1Pi, c3Pi, C1Phi, D1Sigma+, E1Pi, d3Phi, and e3Pi electronic states of RhB have been investigated at the ab initio level, using the multistate multiconfigurational second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) theory, with extended atomic basis sets and inclusion of scalar relativistic effects. Among the eleven electronic states included in this work, only three (the X1Sigma+, D1Sigma+, and E1Pi states) have been investigated experimentally. Potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, dipole moments, binding energies, and chemical bonding aspects are presented for all electronic states.

RESUMO

Multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory, with extended atomic basis sets and inclusion of scalar relativistic effects, was employed to investigate the low-lying (1)Sigma(+) electronic states of RhB. The [20.0] (1)Sigma(+) state is represented by a single configuration, mid R:[ellipsis (horizontal)]10sigma(2)11sigma(1)5pi(4)2delta(4)12sigma(1), derived from a single excitation (11sigma-->12sigma) from the ground state, which defines its electronic nature. A new excited state, coined as [9.0] (1)Delta (R(0)=1.786A, DeltaG(12)=792 cm(-1)), located 9221 cm(-1) above the X(1)Sigma(+) state, and described by the |...10sigma(2)11sigma(2)5pi(4)2delta(3)12sigma(1)> electronic configuration, was also identified.

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The lowest-lying X1Sigma+, a3Phi, b3II, c5Delta, A1Phi, and B1II electronic states of CoN have been investigated at the ab initio MRCI and MS-CASPT2 levels, with extended atomic basis sets and inclusion of scalar relativistic effects. Among the singlet states, the A1Phi and B1II states have been described for the first time. Potential energy curves, excitation energies, spectroscopic constants, and bonding character for all states are reported. Comparison with other early transition-metal nitrides (ScN, TiN, VN, and CrN), isoelectronic (NiC) and isovalent (RhN and IrN) species has been made, besides analyzing the B1II <=> X1+ electronic transition in terms of Franck-Condon factors, Einstein coefficients, and radiative lifetimes. At both levels of theory, the following energetic order has been obtained: X1Sigma+, a3Phi, b3II, c5Delta, A1Phi, and B1II, with good agreement with experimental results. In contrast, previous DFT and MRCI calculations predicted the ground state to be the 5Delta state.

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