RESUMO
Four yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-5.8 S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Spathaspora. The novel species is phylogenetically related to a subclade containing Spathaspora arborariae and Spathaspora suhii. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1884 single-copy orthologs for a set of Spathaspora species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y285 is phylogenetically close to Sp. arborariae. The name Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Sp. marinasilvae is CBS 13467 T (MycoBank 852799). The novel species was able to accumulate xylitol and produce ethanol from d-xylose, a trait of biotechnological interest common to several species of the genus Spathaspora.
Assuntos
Besouros , Filogenia , Floresta Úmida , Saccharomycetales , Madeira , Xilose , Animais , Madeira/microbiologia , Besouros/microbiologia , Brasil , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/classificação , Saccharomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Xilose/metabolismo , Fermentação , DNA Fúngico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
COVID-19 induces chromatin remodeling in host immune cells, and it had previously been shown that vitamin B12 downregulates some inflammatory genes via methyl-dependent epigenetic mechanisms. In this work, whole blood cultures from moderate or severe COVID-19 patients were used to assess the potential of B12 as adjuvant drug. The vitamin normalized the expression of a panel of inflammatory genes still dysregulated in the leukocytes despite glucocorticoid therapy during hospitalization. B12 also increased the flux of the sulfur amino acid pathway, that regulates the bioavailability of methyl. Accordingly, B12-induced downregulation of CCL3 strongly and negatively correlated with the hypermethylation of CpGs in its regulatory regions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that B12 attenuates the effects of COVID-19 on most inflammation-related pathways affected by the disease. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to demonstrate that pharmacological modulation of epigenetic markings in leukocytes favorably regulates central components of COVID-19 physiopathology.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética , Mediadores da Inflamação , Leucócitos , Vitamina B 12 , Vitamina B 12/farmacologia , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/imunologia , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL3/genética , Transcriptoma , Regulação para BaixoRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) undergo splicing and have multiple transcribed isoforms. Nevertheless, for lncRNAs, as well as for mRNA, measurements of expression are routinely performed only at the gene level. Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, its mechanism of action remains not thoroughly explained. Transcriptomic analyses using metformin in different cell types reveal that only protein-coding genes are considered. We aimed to characterize lncRNA isoforms that were differentially affected by metformin treatment on multiple human cell types (three cancer, two non-cancer) and to provide insights into the lncRNA regulation by this drug. We selected six series to perform a differential expression (DE) isoform analysis. We also inferred the biological roles for lncRNA DE isoforms using in silico tools. We found the same isoform of an lncRNA (AC016831.6-205) highly expressed in all six metformin series, which has a second exon putatively coding for a peptide with relevance to the drug action. Moreover, the other two lncRNA isoforms (ZBED5-AS1-207 and AC125807.2-201) may also behave as cis-regulatory elements to the expression of transcripts in their vicinity. Our results strongly reinforce the importance of considering DE isoforms of lncRNA for understanding metformin mechanisms at the molecular level.
RESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha , Atitude , Saúde Pública , Saúde Ocupacional , Conhecimento , Pessoal de Educação , Prevenção Primária , Higiene , Doenças Transmissíveis , Inquéritos e Questionários , Infecções por Coronavirus , Vigilância em Desastres , Docentes , COVID-19 , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde Ocupacional , Infecções por Coronavirus , Promoção da Saúde , Higiene , Saúde Pública , Docentes , Vigilância em Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
de enfermería del Hospital General Docente Ambato. Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, observacional con la combinación de un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo. Con una población de 64 licenciadas de enfermería, tomándose como muestra a 54 licenciadas que laboran en los servicios de Emergencia, Cirugía y Sala de Operaciones quienes han sido expuestas a riesgo infecciosos. Como técnica de recolección de los datos se empleó la observación científica, la encuesta y la lista de chequeo. Los métodos de análisis del nivel teórico fueron el Inductivo-deductivo, utilizándose la estadística descriptiva, para mostrar los resultados a través de figuras y tablas. Entre los resultados obtenidos se evidencian que en cuanto a la clasificación del tipo de agentes según los riesgos, se obtuvieron los siguientes; enfermeras contagiadas con VHC 52%, VHB 26%, VIH 18% y otros virus o bacterias 4%; el 59,26% del personal de enfermería tiene un déficit de conocimientos de los riesgos infecciosos propios del personal de salud; el 77,77% si ha tenido un evento asociado con fluidos corporales con riesgo infeccioso asociado.; que aunque el 77,78% del personal casi siempre lo realiza el lavado adecuado de manos antes y después de atención al paciente, hay un 5,56% nunca lo realiza; el dispositivo que colocó a la enfermera en riesgo infeccioso con un 46,30% fue con una aguja hueca; el 12,96% al dejar el material usado en un lugar no adecuado. Se recomienda la evaluación, diseño y aplicación de una guía de medidas de bioseguridad con énfasis en riesgos infecciosos propiciados por contacto con los fluidos corporales(AU)
To evaluate the infectious risk of HIV and hepatitis C in nursing personnel of the Ambato General Teaching Hospital. An epidemiological, prospective, observational study with the combination of a qualitative-quantitative approach. With a population of 64 nursing graduates, taking as a sample 54 graduates who work in the Emergency, Surgery and Operating Room services who have been exposed to infectious risk. Scientific observation, survey and checklist were used as the data collection technique. The theoretical level analysis methods were inductive-deductive, using descriptive statistics to show the results through figures and tables. Among the results obtained, it is evident that regarding the classification of the type of agents according to the risks, the following were obtained; nurses infected with HCV 52%, HIB 26%, HIV 18% and other viruses or bacteria 4%; 59.26% of the nursing personnel have a deficit of knowledge of the infectious risks of the health personnel; 77.77% if they have had an event associated with bodily fluids with associated infectious risk; Although 77.78% of the personnel almost always perform adequate hand washing before and after patient care, 5.56% never do it; The device that placed the nurse at infectious risk with 46.30% was with a hollow needle; 12.96% when leaving the used material in an inappropriate place. The evaluation, design and application of a guide to biosafety measures with emphasis on infectious risks caused by contact with body fluids is recommended(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Riscos Ocupacionais , Acidentes de Trabalho , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Hepatite C , Hepatite B , HIV , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos , EquadorRESUMO
Yeast communities associated with cacti were studied in three ecosystems of Southeast, Central and North Brazil. A total of 473 yeast strains belonging to 72 species were isolated from 190 samples collected. Cactophilic yeast species were prevalent in necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and insects of cacti collected in Southeast and North Brazil. Pichia cactophila, Candida sonorensis and species of the Sporopachydermia complex were the most prevalent cactophilic species in Southeast and Central regions. Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Wickerhamiella cacticola were frequently associated with cactus flowers and fruits. The diversity of yeasts associated with the substrates studied was high. Twenty-one novel species were found. One is described here as Kluyveromyces starmeri sp. nov. based on 21 isolates obtained from necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and associated insects of the columnar cacti Cereus saddianus, Micranthocereus dolichospermaticus and Pilosocereus arrabidae in two different ecosystems in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences encoding the gene of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer, the 5.8S rRNA gene and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA showed that the species is related to Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Phylogenomic analyses based on 1264 conserved genes shared among the new species and 19 other members of the Saccharomycetaceae confirmed this phylogenetic relationship. The holotype is K. starmeri sp. nov. CBS 16103T (=UFMG-CM-Y3682T ). The Mycobank number is MB 836817.
Assuntos
Cactaceae/microbiologia , Ecossistema , Kluyveromyces/classificação , Kluyveromyces/genética , Micobioma/genética , Filogenia , Leveduras/genética , Brasil , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Variação Genética , Genoma Fúngico , Geografia , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Leveduras/classificaçãoRESUMO
Aim: GDF15 levels are a biomarker for metformin use. We performed the functional annotation of noncoding genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNPs for GDF15 levels and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx)-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for GDF15 expression within metformin-activated enhancers around GDF15. Materials & methods: These enhancers were identified using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing data for active (H3K27ac) and silenced (H3K27me3) histone marks on human hepatocytes treated with metformin, Encyclopedia of DNA Elements data and cis-regulatory elements assignment tools. Results: The GWAS lead SNP rs888663, the SNP rs62122429 associated with GDF15 levels in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention trial, and the GTEx-expression quantitative trait locus rs4808791 for GDF15 expression in whole blood are located in a metformin-activated enhancer upstream of GDF15 and tightly linked in Europeans and East Asians. Conclusion: Noncoding variation within a metformin-activated enhancer may increase GDF15 expression and help to predict GDF15 levels.
Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/biossíntese , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/genética , Metformina/farmacologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Linhagem Celular , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Increasing deforestation worldwide has expanded the interfaces between fragmented forests and non-forest habitats. Human-made edges are very different from the original forest cover, with different microclimatic conditions. Conversely, the natural transitions (i.e., ecotones) are distinct from human-made forest edges. The human-made forest edges are usually sharp associated with disturbances, with abrupt changes in temperature, humidity, luminosity and wind incidence towards the forest interior. However, the natural forest-lake ecotones, even when abrupt, are composed of a complex vegetal physiognomy, with canopy structures close to the ground level and a composition of herbaceous and arboreal species well adapted to this transition range. In the present study, fruit-feeding butterflies were used as models to investigate whether faunal assemblages in natural ecotones are more similar to the forest interior than to the anthropic edges. Butterflies were sampled monthly over one year in the Rio Doce State Park, Southeastern Brazil, following a standardized design using a total of 90 bait traps, in three different forest habitats (forest interior, forest ecotone and anthropic edges), in both canopy and understory. A total of 11,594 individuals from 98 butterfly species were collected (3,151 individuals from 79 species in the forest interior, 4,321 individuals from 87 species in the ecotone and 4,122 individuals from 83 species in the edge). The results indicated that the butterfly richness and diversity were higher in transition areas (ecotones and edges). The ecotone included a combination of butterfly species from the forest interior and from anthropic edges. However, species composition and dominance in the ecotone were similar to the forest interior in both vertical strata. These results suggest that human made forest edges are quite distinct from ecotones. Moreover, ecotones represent unique habitats accommodating species adapted to distinct ecological conditions, while anthropic edges accommodate only opportunistic species from open areas or upper canopies.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Biodiversidade , Borboletas/fisiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Florestas , Animais , Brasil , Frutas , Herbivoria , ÁrvoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a treatable infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. However, there is additional morbidity from leprosy-associated pathologic immune reactions, reversal reaction (RR) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), which occur in 1 in 3 people with leprosy, even with effective treatment of M. leprae. There is currently no predictive marker in use to indicate which people with leprosy will develop these debilitating immune reactions. Our peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptome analysis revealed that activation of the classical complement pathway is common to both RR and ENL. Additionally, differential expression of immunoglobulin receptors and B cell receptors during RR and ENL support a role for the antibody-mediated immune response during both RR and ENL. In this study, we investigated B-cell immunophenotypes, total and M. leprae-specific antibodies, and complement levels in leprosy patients with and without RR or ENL. The objective was to determine the role of these immune mediators in pathogenesis and assess their potential as biomarkers of risk for immune reactions in people with leprosy. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: We followed newly diagnosed leprosy cases (n = 96) for two years for development of RR or ENL. They were compared with active RR (n = 35), active ENL (n = 29), and healthy household contacts (n = 14). People with leprosy who subsequently developed ENL had increased IgM, IgG1, and C3d-associated immune complexes with decreased complement 4 (C4) at leprosy diagnosis. People who developed RR also had decreased C4 at leprosy diagnosis. Additionally, elevated anti-M. leprae antibody levels were associated with subsequent RR or ENL. CONCLUSIONS: Differential co-receptor expression and immunoglobulin levels before and during immune reactions intimate a central role for humoral immunity in RR and ENL. Decreased C4 and elevated anti-M. leprae antibodies in people with new diagnosis of leprosy may be risk factors for subsequent development of leprosy immune reactions.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Complemento C3d/análise , Complemento C4/análise , Eritema Nodoso/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Hanseníase Virchowiana/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Complemento C3d/imunologia , Complemento C4/imunologia , Eritema Nodoso/sangue , Eritema Nodoso/imunologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunidade Ativa/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/sangue , Hanseníase Virchowiana/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector borne zoonotic disease endemic in humans and dogs in Brazil. Due to the increased risk of human infection secondary to the presence of infected dogs, public health measures in Brazil mandate testing and culling of infected dogs. Despite this important relationship between human and canine infection, little is known about what makes the dog reservoir progress to clinical illness, significantly tied to infectiousness to sand flies. Dogs in endemic areas of Brazil are exposed to many tick-borne pathogens, which are likely to alter the immune environment and thus control of L. infantum. RESULTS: A cross-sectional study of 223 dogs from an area of Natal, in the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were studied to determine the association between comorbid tick-borne disease and Leishmania infection in this endemic area. The risk of Leishmania seropositivity was 1.68× greater in dogs with tick-borne disease seropositivity compared to those without (Adjusted RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09-2.61, P = 0.019). A longitudinal study of 214 hunting dogs in the USA was conducted to determine the causal relationship between infection with tick-borne diseases and progression of VL. Hunting dogs were evaluated three times across a full tick season to detect incident infection with tick-borne diseases. A logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations to estimate the parameters was used to determine how exposure to tick-borne disease altered VL progression over these three time points when controlling for other variables. Dogs infected with three or more tick-borne diseases were 11× more likely to be associated with progression to clinical VL than dogs with no tick-borne disease (Adjusted RR: 11.64, 95% CI: 1.22-110.99, P = 0.03). Dogs with exposure to both Leishmania spp. and tick-borne diseases were five times more likely to die during the study period (RR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.65-14.24, P = 0.0051). CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid tick-borne diseases dramatically increased the likelihood that a dog had clinical L. infantum infection, making them more likely to transmit infection to sand flies and people. As an important consequence, reduction of tick-borne disease exposure through topical or oral insecticides may be an important way to reduce progression and transmissibility of Leishmania infection from the canine reservoir to people.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Cães , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/complicações , Leishmaniose Visceral/mortalidade , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/complicações , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/mortalidade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Rabies is an important zoonosis with impact on livestock production. The diagnosis is usually based on the rabies virus detection in fresh or refrigerated brain samples by direct immunofluorescence (IF) performed on fixed brain smears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 6 monoclonal and 1 rabbit-polyclonal new antibodies for rabies diagnostic by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), which detects the agent on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues samples. Tested with 2 positive and 2 negative cows for rabies at dilutions 1/200 and 1/1000, obtained immunostaining was strong for one monoclonal and weak for the polyclonal at both dilutions. For 3 monoclonals, the immunostaining was weaker at 1/1000 and was negative at both dilutions for 2 monoclonals. Unwanted background was absent and negative samples remained clear for all antibodies. When the first monoclonal was applied on sections of brain of 19 cows with Rabies and 41 control cows at 1/1000 dilution, immunohistochemistry recognized all positive samples and was negative for all control cows. The number of cases analyzed did not allow estimating sensitivity and specificity of the tested assay, but the correlation observed between IF and IHC in both positive and negative samples suggested that accuracy of the test might be good. The results indicated that the tested antibody can detect the rabies virus on formalin fixed tissue samples, and that immunohistochemistry can complement other confirmatory tests when those cannot be performed.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/veterinária , Anticorpos , Cérebro/virologia , Vírus da Raiva , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
Rabies is an important zoonosis with impact on livestock production. The diagnosis is usually based on the rabies virus detection in fresh or refrigerated brain samples by direct immunofluorescence (IF) performed on fixed brain smears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 6 monoclonal and 1 rabbit-polyclonal new antibodies for rabies diagnostic by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), which detects the agent on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues samples. Tested with 2 positive and 2 negative cows for rabies at dilutions 1/200 and 1/1000, obtained immunostaining was strong for one monoclonal and weak for the polyclonal at both dilutions. For 3 monoclonals, the immunostaining was weaker at 1/1000 and was negative at both dilutions for 2 monoclonals. Unwanted background was absent and negative samples remained clear for all antibodies. When the first monoclonal was applied on sections of brain of 19 cows with Rabies and 41 control cows at 1/1000 dilution, immunohistochemistry recognized all positive samples and was negative for all control cows. The number of cases analyzed did not allow estimating sensitivity and specificity of the tested assay, but the correlation observed between IF and IHC in both positive and negative samples suggested that accuracy of the test might be good. The results indicated that the tested antibody can detect the rabies virus on formalin fixed tissue samples, and that immunohistochemistry can complement other confirmatory tests when those cannot be performed.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Anticorpos , Cérebro/virologia , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/veterinária , Vírus da Raiva , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
To assess the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission as function of stray dog presence and health status, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a large city of southern Mexico that lacks comprehensive strategies for the control of stray canine populations. The photographic capture-recapture method was used to estimate the density of dogs/km2. In the same way, dog feces from 14 public parks of the city were collected to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection with gastrointestinal parasites. The canine population was estimated between 65 and 80 thousand dogs, with a population density of 1,081 dogs/km2, mostly males (71.4%). A high proportion of dogs (72.3%) were found to be in good body condition score (BCS 3). The person:dog ratio was 2.3. The likelihood of being in the BCS 2 category was lower in areas with a higher density of dogs. All feces collected from the parks contained eggs of intestinal parasites, most of them with a medium (42.9%) to high (35.7%) infection intensity, notably Ancylostoma caninum. It was recorded that cases with a low-intensity of GI infection showed polyparasitism (35.7%) associated with A. caninum. There is a large population of stray dogs that roam freely in the streets of Campeche city with access to sources of food, which is reflected by their good BCS, and dogs do not have access to preventive medicine programs (de-worming) and thus contaminate public parks with feces with significant parasitic egg loads of zoonotic importance.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A paradigm shift is underway in the world of humanitarian global surgery to address the large unmet need for reconstructive surgical services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, we discuss the ReSurge Global Training Program (RGTP), a model for surgical training and capacity building in reconstructive surgery in the developing world. The program includes an online reconstructive surgery curriculum, visiting educator trips, expert reconstructive surgeon involvement, trainee competency tracking system, and identification of local outreach partners to provide safe reconstructive surgery to the neediest of patients in the developing world. METHODS: A retrospective review of the components of the RGTP from July 2014 through June 2017 was performed. Trainee milestones scores were analyzed to observe trends toward competency in specific plastic surgery skill sets. RESULTS: There were a total of 38 visiting educator trips during the study period. The trips took place in 10 LMICs. A total of 149 trainees were evaluated in the context of the visiting educator trips with 377 distinct submodule evaluations. Four trainees had more than 10 submodule evaluations over 2 or more visiting educator trips. There was notable improvement in milestones ratings over time among the trainees in this program. CONCLUSIONS: The RGTP is a model of reconstructive surgical training and capacity building in LMICs. Trainees develop important skill sets in reconstructive surgery as a result of their involvement in the program. This comprehensive training approach addresses the disparity in access to care in the developing world by providing short- and long-term solutions to unmet reconstructive needs.
Assuntos
Fortalecimento Institucional , Países em Desenvolvimento , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Saúde Global/educação , Modelos Educacionais , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/educação , Cirurgia Plástica/educação , África , Ásia , Competência Clínica , Currículo , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Humanos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , América do SulRESUMO
Two isolates representing a new species of Scheffersomyces were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian forest ecosystem in Brazil. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains showed that this new species is phylogenetically related to Scheffersomyces NYMU 15730, a species without a formal description, and the two are in an early emerging position with respect to the xylose-fermenting subclade containing Scheffersomyces titanus and Scheffersomyces stipitis. Phylogenomic analyses using 474 orthologous genes placed the new species in an intermediary position between Scheffersomyces species and the larger genus Spathaspora and the Candida albicans/Lodderomyces clade. The novel species, Scheffersomyces stambukii f.a., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain of Scheffersomyces stambukii sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y427T (=CBS 14217T). The MycoBank number is MB 824093. In addition, we studied the xylose metabolism of this new species.
Assuntos
Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/classificação , Madeira/microbiologia , Xilose/metabolismo , Brasil , DNA Fúngico/genética , Fermentação , Florestas , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
ABSTRACT Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have different mechanisms of action in the development of plants, such as growth promotion, production of phytohormones and antibiotic substances and changes in root exudates. These help to control plant diseases. In order to evaluate the potential of microorganisms in the control of Meloidogyne javanica and Ditylenchus spp., five rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of garlic cultivated in the Curitibanos (SC) region were tested. Hatching chambers were set on Petri dishes, in which were added 10 mL of bacterial suspension and 1 mL of M. javanica eggs suspension, at the rate of 4500, on the filter paper of each chamber. The same procedure was performed with 300 juvenile Ditylenchus spp. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The evaluations were performed every 72 h for nine days. The antagonized population of nematodes was determined in Peters counting chamber, determining the percentage hatching (for M. javanica) and motility (for Ditylenchus spp). Isolates CBSAL02 and CBSAL05 significantly reduced the hatching of M. javanica eggs (74% and 54.77%, respectively) and the motility of Ditylenchus spp. (55.19% and 53.53%, respectively) in vitro. Isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas (CBSAL05) and Bacillus (CBSAL02).
Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Pseudomonas/fisiologia , Tylenchoidea/microbiologia , Bacillus/genética , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Tylenchoidea/fisiologiaRESUMO
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have different mechanisms of action in the development of plants, such as growth promotion, production of phytohormones and antibiotic substances and changes in root exudates. These help to control plant diseases. In order to evaluate the potential of microorganisms in the control of Meloidogyne javanica and Ditylenchus spp., five rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of garlic cultivated in the Curitibanos (SC) region were tested. Hatching chambers were set on Petri dishes, in which were added 10 mL of bacterial suspension and 1 mL of M. javanica eggs suspension, at the rate of 4500, on the filter paper of each chamber. The same procedure was performed with 300 juvenile Ditylenchus spp. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The evaluations were performed every 72 h for nine days. The antagonized population of nematodes was determined in Peters counting chamber, determining the percentage hatching (for M. javanica) and motility (for Ditylenchus spp). Isolates CBSAL02 and CBSAL05 significantly reduced the hatching of M. javanica eggs (74% and 54.77%, respectively) and the motility of Ditylenchus spp. (55.19% and 53.53%, respectively) in vitro. Isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas (CBSAL05) and Bacillus (CBSAL02).(AU)