RESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Analizar la prevalencia del síndrome depresivo y los factores asociados con la depresión en Colombia entre los años 2000 y 2001. MÉTODOS: Para este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal se aplicó una encuesta entre noviembre de 2000 y enero de 2001 a 1 116 adultos de 18 años de edad o más de uno u otro sexo que residían en viviendas particulares seleccionadas mediante un muestreo representativo nacional polietápico, estratificado según el grado de urbanización del área incluida en el muestreo. La depresión se clasificó en breve, subclínica o clínica (leve, moderada o grave) en los 30 días y los 12 meses previos a la entrevista. Se calcularon las frecuencias simples y estratificadas por la edad y el sexo, y los intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento (IC95 por ciento) de más de 500 variables. La asociación de las variables seleccionadas con episodios depresivos se evaluó mediante un modelo de regresión logística con múltiples variables. RESULTADOS: De las personas estudiadas, 10,0 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 9,2 a 10,7) presentaron algún episodio depresivo en los 12 meses previos a la encuesta y 8,5 por ciento (IC95 por ciento: 7,8 a 9,2) sufrieron alguno durante el último mes. Hubo una mayor proporción de mujeres con depresión en ambos períodos. Más de 50 por ciento de los episodios fueron moderados, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, y las mayores prevalencias se encontraron en las personas mayores de 45 años. Los factores asociados con la depresión en el último mes fueron ser mujer, considerar el estado de salud propio como regular o malo, sufrir de dolores o molestias, tener dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales, consumir marihuana o sustancias adictivas, medicamentos estimulantes o calmantes, tener dependencia del alcohol, o estar desempleado con discapacidad. CONCLUSION: La depresión es una afección frecuente en Colombia. Se deben poner en marcha medidas dirigidas a reducir el riesgo de depresión, especialmente en mujeres y en personas mayores de 45 años de edad.
Objectives. To analyze the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with it in Colombia in 2000 and 2001. Methods. For this descriptive cross-sectional study a survey was conducted between November 2000 and January 2001 with 1 116 men and women 18 years of age or older who were living in private homes that were selected through a multistage national representative sampling, stratified according to the degree of urbanization of the area included in the sampling. Depression was classified as brief recurrent depression, subclinical depression, or mild, moderate, or serious clinical depressive episodes in the 30 days and in the 12 months prior to the interview. Simple and stratified frequencies of over 500 variables, along with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), were calculated by age and gender. The association that the selected variables had with depressive episodes was evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression model. Results. Of the persons studied, 10.0% of them (95% CI: 9.2% to 10.7%) had had a depressive episode in the 12 months prior to the survey, and 8.5% (95% CI: 7.8% to 9.2%) had suffered a depressive episode in the preceding month. There was a higher proportion of women with depression in both of the periods. More than 50% of the episodes were moderate, in both men and women. There were higher prevalences of depression in persons older than 45 years. The factors associated with depression in the preceding month were: female gender; considering one's health to be moderate or bad; suffering from pain or discomfort; having difficulties in interpersonal relations; consuming marijuana, addictive substances, stimulants, or tranquilizers; being dependent on alcohol; and being unemployed and unable to work. Conclusions. Depression is a frequent disorder in Colombia. Measures directed at reducing the risk of depression should be implemented, especially among women and in persons over 45 years old
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo , Depressão , ColômbiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with it in Colombia in 2000 and 2001. METHODS: For this descriptive cross-sectional study a survey was conducted between November 2000 and January 2001 with 1,116 men and women 18 years of age or older who were living in private homes that were selected through a multistage national representative sampling, stratified according to the degree of urbanization of the area included in the sampling. Depression was classified as brief recurrent depression, subclinical depression, or mild, moderate, or serious clinical depressive episodes in the 30 days and in the 12 months prior to the interview. Simple and stratified frequencies of over 500 variables, along with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), were calculated by age and gender. The association that the selected variables had with depressive episodes was evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the persons studied, 10.0% of them (95% CI: 9.2% to 10.7%) had had a depressive episode in the 12 months prior to the survey, and 8.5% (95% CI: 7.8% to 9.2%) had suffered a depressive episode in the preceding month. There was a higher proportion of women with depression in both of the periods. More than 50% of the episodes were moderate, in both men and women. There were higher prevalences of depression in persons older than 45 years. The factors associated with depression in the preceding month were: female gender; considering one's health to be moderate or bad; suffering from pain or discomfort; having difficulties in interpersonal relations; consuming marijuana, addictive substances, stimulants, or tranquilizers; being dependent on alcohol; and being unemployed and unable to work. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a frequent disorder in Colombia. Measures directed at reducing the risk of depression should be implemented, especially among women and in persons over 45 years old.