RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) has a circadian rhythm. Most of the people presents a BP fall between 10-20% during nighttime hours (dipper condition). Measurement of these circadian variations is performed by continuous blood pressure ambulatory monitoring. We have studied the possible relation between blood pressure nocturnal fall and cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. METHODS: We selected 100 hypertensive patients from the Hypertension and Lipids Unit of San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada, Spain. They were divided into two groups: dippers group and non-dippers, depending of whether or not the fall of nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP was > 10%. All patients included in the study underwent complete clinical history, exhaustive physical examination, complementary examinations, urine and hematology tests, and continuous blood pressure ambulatory monitoring by the Space Labs system. RESULTS: The heart rate was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.0253) in the hypertensive dippers group than in the non-dippers. The latter showed higher plasma creatinine values (p = 0.0343) and lower potassemia values (p = 0.0140) than the dippers group. The dippers group presented concentrations of HDL-cholesterol significantly higher (p = 0.008) and diurnal diastolic BP values (p = 0.0211) also higher than the other group. CONCLUSIONS: Non dippers hypertensive patients present a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors as well as a higher tendency to renal lesions, and worse prognosis than the dippers group.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Ritmo Circadiano , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Risco , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the zinc organic concentration in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to a control group. Also, to analyze if the serum zinc levels are related with zinc concentration in erythrocyte, nail and hair. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients of COPD have been studied, all males, average age 62 +/- 7 years and body mass index (BMI) of 27 +/- 4. Forty patients were included in the control group, with average age 57 +/- 9 years and BMI of 24 +/- 5. The patients with concomitant disease or booth treatment that could increase the zinc excretion were excluded. In all patients clinical history and examination, hematology and biochemistry tests, hepatic and lipid parameters, and nail, plasma, hair and erythrocyte zinc levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry were done. Variance analysis and Pearson test were done. RESULTS: Blood, intraerythrocyte and nail zinc were similar in healthy subjects and patients; however, the median concentration of zinc in hair was significantly lower in patients (156 +/- 46 micrograms/g versus control group (185 +/- 64 micrograms/g) (p < 0.05). No differences were found between smokers and no smokers, and drinkers and no drinkers in relation with body concentration of zinc. CONCLUSION: The zinc concentration in hair can be a good method to evaluate the chronic deficiency in the human body. The COPD patients could be susceptible to develop zinc deficiency; the situation increases the possibility of infection diseases.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/complicações , Zinco/deficiência , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/química , Cabelo/química , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Unhas/química , Pele/química , Fumar/metabolismo , Zinco/análise , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Growing old is a process of natural diminish with decrease of biological answer to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and a bigger risk of presenting cardiovascular and metabolic processes. The aim of this study has been to analyse the incidence of cardiovascular factors in an aged population from Almería. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The group is by 172 patients (29 gave up); average global age 72.6 +/- 6.1 (85 women and 58 men). In all cases history and a whole clinic exam have been undertaken; general analytical study (glucose, creatinine, hepatic function cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, trigliceride fibrinogen, microalbuminuria, etc.); blood pressure. STATISTICS: T Students, varianza analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. RESULTS: With regard to overweight, this was bigger in women (32.1 +/- 4.8 Kg/m2) in relation to men (27.9 +/- 4 Kg/m2). The most frequent risk factor has been hypertension (50.3%) followed by over weight-obesity (46.8%) and hypercholesterolemia (45.4%), only 11.2% did not present any risk factor; shile three factors appeared in 29.5%. Hypertension patients have more risk factors (increase of cholesterol and triglicerids, obesity, diabetes) than normotensive old patients; also diabetic patients have a bigger cardiovascular and lipid risk than non diabetic patients. The ingestion of estatinas or fibrates improves the lipid profile of old patients. In summarizing, conventional therapy can improve the cardiologic and metabolic situation, decreasing so the morbidity and mortality of old patients.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Thirty one subjects are studied, 15 healthy (controls) and 16 presenting chronic alcoholic hepatopathy, in whom the existence of an autonomic insufficiency syndrome (AIS) was evaluated measuring the variations in heart rate while breathing (R index) and after standing up [O(B) index]. Vagal functioning was also studied when evaluating gastric emptying of digestible solids (VGS) and non digestible (VGSND). VGS after 45, 75 and 105 minutes in alcoholic patients was slower than in healthy controls (p less than 0.05) and in 50% of them it was slow after 105 minutes. VGSND was similar in both groups. R and O(B) indexes in alcoholic patients was smaller than in the control group (p less than 0.001), presenting 94% of them some index altered. An elevated percentage of patients suffering chronic alcoholic hepatopathy present a AIS which involves several organs, being R and O(B) indexes a better diagnostic method than VGS study.
Assuntos
Esvaziamento Gástrico , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Parassimpático/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Alterations in nervous transmission might be an early feature of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy, even in the subclinical stage. We performed a study on 100 diabetic patients. Those with possible endogenous or exogenous causes of neuropathy were not included. We studied the motor distal latency of right peroneal and cubital nerve and the sensory distal latency of median nerve by the use of electromyogram. The neuropathy incidence was 34.3%. One of the results was that conduction in males was slower than in the female control group; this disappeared in diabetic patients.