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INTRODUCTION: Herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and arboviruses are important because of their clinical relevance and ability to cause meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and other diseases. The clinical virology associated with diagnostic technologies can reduce the morbidity and mortality of such neurological manifestations. Here we aimed to identify the genomes of agents that cause neurological syndromes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected nervous system infections admitted to the University Hospital of the University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2017-2018. METHODS: CSF samples collected from adult patients with neurological syndrome symptoms and negative CSF culture results were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase-PCR, and real-time PCR, and their results were compared with their clinical symptoms. One CSF sample was obtained from each patient. RESULTS: Viral genomes were detected in 148/420 (35.2%) CSF samples: one of 148 (0.2%) was positive for herpes simplex virus-1; two (0.5%) for herpes simplex virus-2; eight (1.9%) for varicella-zoster virus; four (1%) for Epstein-Barr virus; one (0.2%) for cytomegalovirus; 32 (7.6%) for human herpesvirus-6; 30 (7.1%) for non-polio enterovirus; 67 (16.0%) for dengue virus, three (0.7%) for yellow fever virus, and 21 (5%) for Zika virus. CONCLUSIONS: The viral genomes were found in 35.2% of all analyzed samples, showing the high prevalence of viruses in the nervous system and the importance of using a nucleic acid amplification test to detect viral agents in CSF samples.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and arboviruses are important because of their clinical relevance and ability to cause meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and other diseases. The clinical virology associated with diagnostic technologies can reduce the morbidity and mortality of such neurological manifestations. Here we aimed to identify the genomes of agents that cause neurological syndromes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected nervous system infections admitted to the University Hospital of the University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2017-2018. METHODS: CSF samples collected from adult patients with neurological syndrome symptoms and negative CSF culture results were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase-PCR, and real-time PCR, and their results were compared with their clinical symptoms. One CSF sample was obtained from each patient. RESULTS: Viral genomes were detected in 148/420 (35.2%) CSF samples: one of 148 (0.2%) was positive for herpes simplex virus-1; two (0.5%) for herpes simplex virus-2; eight (1.9%) for varicella-zoster virus; four (1%) for Epstein-Barr virus; one (0.2%) for cytomegalovirus; 32 (7.6%) for human herpesvirus-6; 30 (7.1%) for non-polio enterovirus; 67 (16.0%) for dengue virus, three (0.7%) for yellow fever virus, and 21 (5%) for Zika virus. CONCLUSIONS: The viral genomes were found in 35.2% of all analyzed samples, showing the high prevalence of viruses in the nervous system and the importance of using a nucleic acid amplification test to detect viral agents in CSF samples.

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BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a major risk factor for cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases, as well as cortical and hippocampal injury, including an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have been treated with levodopa; however, physical exercises can help reduce Hcy concentrations. The aim of the present study was to compare serum Hcy levels in patients with PD who partook in regular physical exercises, sedentary PD patients, and healthy controls. METHODS: Sixty individuals were enrolled in the present study across three groups: (i) 17 patients who did not partake of any type of exercise; (ii) 24 PD patients who exercised regularly; and (iii) 19 healthy individuals who did not exercise regularly. All participants were evaluated by Hoehn and Yahr scale, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Schwab and England scale (measure daily functionality). The serum levels of Hcy were analyzed by blood samples collected of each participant. An analysis of variance and a Tukey's post hoc test were applied to compare and to verify differences between groups. Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to consider the association between several variables. RESULTS: Mean plasma Hcy concentrations in individuals who exercised regularly were similar to those in the healthy controls and significantly lower than those in the group that did not exercise at all (P= 0.000). In addition, patients who did not exercise were receiving significantly higher doses of levodopa than those patients who exercised regularly (P= 0.001). A positive relationship between levodopa dose and Hcy concentrations (R(2) = 0.27; P= 0.03) was observed in patients who did not exercise, but not in those patients who exercised regularly (R(2) = 0.023; P= 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that, even with regular levodopa therapy, Hcy concentrations in PD patients who exercise regularly are significantly lower than in patients who do not exercise and are similar Hcy concentrations in healthy controls.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A análise de diversos componentes urinários apresenta ampla variação biológica. A fim de se reduzir o impacto desta variabilidade na determinação de microalbuminúria, têm-se utilizado amostras de urina de 24 horas ou de repouso, o que acarreta uma série de inconvenientes e dificuldades para o paciente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho da relação albumina/creatinina em amostras isoladas de urina (MALBCREA) e compará-la com a excreção urinária de albumina (EUA). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas amostras de urina (repouso e isolada) de 97 pacientes. A determinação da albumina urinária foi realizada por nefelometria (BNII - Dade). Creatinina urinária foi dosada através da reação de Jaffé modificada (Hitachi 917 - Roche). A análise da regressão foi utilizada para avaliar a correlação entre os resultados obtidos. O desempenho da relação MALBCREA no diagnóstico de microalbuminúria foi calculado considerando-se o nível de decisão de 30mg/g. RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes estudados, 33 apresentavam EUA alterada (> 20æg/min). A relação MALBCREA em amostras de urina apresentou correlação altamente significativa com a EUA em amostras de repouso (r = 0,902; p < 0,05). Estes resultados podem ser comparados através da equação y = 1,34x + 51,33, onde x = EUA e y = MALBCREA. O desempenho da relação albumina/creatinina no diagnóstico de microalbuminúria foi: sensibilidade = 88 por cento, especificidade = 90 por cento, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) = 83 por cento, valor preditivo negativo (VPN) = 93 por cento e eficiência = 90 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados demonstram a validade de se utilizar a relação albumina/creatinina em amostras de urina para o diagnóstico de microalbuminúria.

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A criptococose e uma das infeccoes fungicas mais comuns do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em pacientes com Sindrome da Imunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA), sendo meningoencefalite ou meningite manifestacoes frequentemente observadas. Apesar disso, poucos sao os estudos sistematicos sobre a composicao do liquido cefalo-raquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com SIDA e neurocriptococose. No presente estudo, foram analisadas amostras de LCR de 114 pacientes soropositivos para HIV, com queixa clinica sugestiva de envolvimento do SNC, sendo 32 com neurocriptococose (Grupo 1) e 82 sem doenca neurologica identificada (Grupo 2). Considerando os resultados citologicos e bioquimicos, dois perfis liquoricos foram observados...

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Os estudos relativos à deficiência de desidrogenase de 6-fosfato de glicose (G-6-PD) e à icterícia neonatal säo raros e controvertidos no Brasil. No presente estudo alguns aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais da deficiencia de G-6-PD foram investigados em uma amostra de 25 pacientes triados dentre 697 recém-nascidos da regiäo de Campinas, SP. A deficiência foi investigada em amostras de sangue do cordäo umbilical por intermédio de testes de triagem (testes de reduçäo da metemogloblina e teste de descoramento do azul cresil brilhante) e confirmada pelo ensaio enzimático quantitativo e plea electroforese de G-6-PD em gel de amido. Vinte e quatro recém-nascidos apresentaram a variante Africana ou A de G-6-PD, mais branda, e apenas um apresentou a variante Mediterrânea, mais grave. A incidência da icterícia moderada foi maior entre os recém-nascidos deficientes de G-6-PD, embora as crianças näo tenham sido expostas a agentes potencialmente hemolsiticos do meio ambiente. Embora resultados falsamente positivos possam ser obtidos pelo teste de reduçäo da metemoglobina, ele pode ser usado como um teste de triagem simples e muito econômico, desde que os resultados positivos sejam confirmados posteriormente pelo teste de descoramento do azul cresil brilhante e/ou pelo ensaio enzimático quantiitativo

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