RESUMO
Communication between neighboring or distant cells is made through a complex network that includes extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes, which are a subgroup of EVs, are released from most cell types and have been found in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and airway secretions like bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal lavage, saliva, and sputum. Mainly, the cargo exosomes are enriched with mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred to a recipient cell consequently modifying and redirecting its biological function. The effects of miRNAs derive from their role as gene expression regulators by repressing or degrading their target mRNAs. Nowadays, various types of research are focused on evaluating the potential of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of different pathologies. Nevertheless, there are few reports on their role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring with no cure. In this review, we focus on the role and effect of exosomal miRNAs as intercellular communicators in the onset and progression of IPF, as well as discussing their potential utility as therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
Assuntos
Exossomos , Vesículas Extracelulares , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , MicroRNAs , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Exossomos/genética , Exossomos/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/genética , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease with high mortality and unclear etiology. Previous evidence supports that the origin of this disease is associated with epigenetic alterations, age, and environmental factors. IPF initiates with chronic epithelial lung injuries, followed by basal membrane destruction, which promotes the activation of myofibroblasts and excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Due to miRNAs' role as regulators of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell interaction processes, some studies have involved miRNAs in the biogenesis and progression of IPF. In this context, the analysis and discussion of the probable association of miRNAs with the signaling pathways involved in the development of IPF would improve our knowledge of the associated molecular mechanisms, thereby facilitating its evaluation as a therapeutic target for this severe lung disease. In this work, the most recent publications evaluating the role of miRNAs as regulators or activators of signal pathways associated with the pathogenesis of IPF were analyzed. The search in Pubmed was made using the following terms: "miRNAs and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)"; "miRNAs and IPF and signaling pathways (SP)"; and "miRNAs and IPF and SP and IPF pathogenesis". Additionally, we focus mainly on those works where the signaling pathways involved with EMT, fibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of ECM components were assessed. Finally, the importance and significance of miRNAs as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools for the treatment of IPF are discussed.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , MicroRNAs , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/genética , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Miofibroblastos/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Introducción: la educación interprofesional (EIP) se define como una iniciativa educativa, formativa o docente que involucra a más de una profesión en el aprendizaje conjunto e interactivo. La formación del recurso humano en salud tiene como desafío plantear soluciones a la escasez de personal sanitario en el mundo y formar profesionales que tengan un desempeño óptimo. Objetivo: caracterizar las publicaciones relacionadas con la implementación de modelos en educación interprofesional y el impacto generado en algunos aspectos relacionados con la seguridad del paciente. Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, LILACS y Google Scholar con siete estrategias de búsqueda garantizando la exhaustividad y reproducibilidad en las fases de la guía PRISMA. Resultados: se incluyeron n = 33 estudios de los cuales n = 19 (57,5%) fueron aplicados en el contexto hospitalario, n = 14 (42,4%) utilizaron metodologías cuasiexperimentales, de estos n = 4 estudios miden desenlaces directos relacionados con la seguridad del paciente, y en los otros n = 29 (87,8%) se encontró una mejora en la comunicación, percepción y conocimiento en los equipos de trabajo. Conclusión: el aprendizaje interprofesional mejora la comunicación y la interacción entre los profesionales de salud. No obstante, es difícil generalizar los resultados debido a la diversidad de metodologías de interacción interprofesional aplicadas en los estudios.
Introduction: interprofessional education (IPE) is an educational, training, or teaching initiative involving more than one profession in joint and interactive learning. The challenge of training human resources in health is to propose solutions to the shortage of health personnel globally and to train professionals who have optimal performance. Objective: characterize the publications related to the implementation of interprofessional education models and the impact generated in aspects related to patient safety. Method: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, SciElo, LILACS, and Google Scholar with seven search strategies guaranteeing completeness and reproducibility in the phases of the PRISMA guide. Results: n = 33 studies were included, of which n = 19 (57.5%) were applied in the hospital context, n = 14 (42.4%) used quasi-experimental methodologies, of these n = 4 studies measure direct outcomes related to patient safety, and in the other n = 29 (87.8%) an improvement was found in communication, perception, and knowledge in in the work teams. Conclusion: interprofessional learning improves communication and interaction between health professionals. However, it is difficult to generalize the results due to the diversity of interprofessional interaction methodologies applied in the studies.
Introdução: a educação interprofissional (EIP) é definida como uma iniciativa educacional, de treinamento ou de ensino que envolve mais de uma profissão na aprendizagem conjunta e interativa. O desafio da formação de recursos humanos em saúde é propor soluções para a carência de pessoal de saúde no mundo e formar profissionais com ótimo desempenho. Objetivo:caracterizar as publicações relacionadas à implantação de modelos na educação interprofissional e o impacto gerado em alguns aspectos relacionados à segurança do paciente. Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica no Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, LILACS e Google Scholar com sete estratégias de busca garantindo completude e reprodutibilidade nas fases do guia PRISMA. Resultados: n = 33 estudos foram incluídos, dos quais n = 19 (57,5%) foram aplicados no contexto hospitalar, n = 14 (42,4%) utilizaram metodologias quase-experimentais, destes n = 4 estudos medem resultados diretos relacionados com a segurança do paciente, e nos demais n = 29 (87,8%) houve melhora na comunicação, percepção e conhecimento nas equipes de trabalho. Conclusão: a aprendizagem interprofissional melhora a comunicação e a interação entre os profissionais de saúde. No entanto, é difícil generalizar os resultados devido à diversidade de metodologias de interação interprofssional aplicadas nos estudos
Assuntos
Humanos , Segurança do Paciente , Estratégias de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , AprendizagemRESUMO
Introducción: educación continua es una inversión personal y profesional necesaria a lo largo de la vida profesional de los enfermeros, porque amplía y perfecciona conocimientos técnicos, cientíîcos y habilidades prácticas. Objetivo: describir la participación de enfermeros de la Región de las Américas en los cursos ofrecidos por el Campus Virtual de Salud Pública antes y al comienzo de la pandemia de la COVID-19, según género, edad, nivel educativo y lugar de trabajo. Método: estudio descriptivo cuantitativo. Se analizaron datos de los participantes de los cursos del periodo de enero del 2013 hasta junio del 2020 del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública. Población de estudio: enfermeros de la Región de las Américas que tomaron cursos virtuales. Se calcularon medidas de estadística descriptiva y proporciones de las variables sociodemográficas de los participantes de manera confidencial con autorización y credenciales para acceder datos en la plataforma. Resultados: a los 515 cursos virtuales ofrecidos por el Campus Virtual de Salud Pública se matricularon 368.018 enfermeros. Los porcentajes de enfermeros con certificado según el país de procedencia son los siguientes: Ecuador con 64,7%, México con 58,3%, Honduras con 52,9%, Paraguay con 48,6%, Colombia con 45,2%, Uruguay con 42,2%, Argentina con 38,0%, Chile con 22,7%, Perú con 21,3%, y Brasil con 9,7%. El 83,1% eran mujeres, el 75% tenía un nivel educativo universitario y el 40% tenía edades entre 26 y 35 años y el 47,1% trabajaba en hospitales. Conclusión: la pandemia de la COVID-19 refuerza la importancia de la educación continua virtual en la que los enfermeros pueden mejorar sus conocimientos, potencializar sus habilidades, y caliîcarse para los cambios en la práctica, la enseñanza y la investigación.
Introduction: continuing education is a necessary personal and professional investment throughout the professional life of nurses as it expands and perfects technical, scientific, and practical skills. Objective: to describe the participation of nurses from the Americas region in the courses offered by the Virtual Campus of Public Health before and at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to gender, age, educational level, and workplace. Method: a quantitative descriptive study. Data from the participants of the courses from January 2013 to June 2020 of the Virtual Campus of Public Health were analyzed. Study population: nurses from the Americas Region who took virtual courses. Descriptive statistics measures and proportions of the sociodemographic variables of the participants were calculated confidentially with authorization and credentials to access data on the platform. Results: 368,018 nurses were enrolled in the 515 virtual courses offered by the Virtual Campus of Public Health. The percentages of certified nurses according to the country of origin are as follows: Ecuador with 64.7%, Mexico with 58.3%, Honduras with 52.9%, Paraguay with 48.6%, Colombia with 45.2%, Uruguay with 42.2%, Argentina with 38.0%, Chile with 22.7%, Peru with 21.3%, and Brazil with 9.7%. 83.1% were women, 75% had some degree of university education, 40% were between 26 and 35 years old, and 47.1% worked in hospitals. Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic reinforces the importance of virtual continuing education in which nurses can improve their knowledge, enhance their skills, and qualify for changes in practice, teaching, and research.
Introdução: a educação permanente é um investimento pessoal e profissional necessário ao longo da vida profissional do enfermeiro, pois amplia e aperfeiçoa as competências técnicas, científicas e práticas. Objetivo: descrever a participação de enfermeiros da Região das Américas nos cursos oferecidos pelo Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública antes e no início da pandemia COVID-19, segundo gênero, idade, escolaridade e local de trabalho. Método: estudo descritivo quantitativo. Foram analisados os dados dos participantes dos cursos de janeiro de 2013 a junho de 2020 do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública. População do estudo: enfermeiros da Região das Américas que fizeram cursos virtuais. As medidas estatísticas descritivas e proporções das variáveis sociodemográficas dos participantes foram calculadas de forma conîdencial com autorização e credencial para acesso aos dados na plataforma. Resultados: dos 515 cursos virtuais oferecidos pelo Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública, foram cadastrados 368.018 enfermeiros. As percentagens de enfermeiros certificados segundo o país de origem são as seguintes: Equador com 64,7%, México com 58,3%, Honduras com 52,9%, Paraguai com 48,6%, Colômbia com 45,2%, Uruguai com 42,2%, Argentina com 38,0%, Chile com 22,7%, Peru com 21,3% e Brasil com 9,7%. 83,1% eram mulheres, 75% possuíam ensino superior completo, 40% tinham entre 26 e 35 anos e 47,1% trabalhavam em hospitais. Conclusão: a pandemia COVID-19 reforça a importância da educação permanente virtual em que os enfermeiros podem melhorar seus conhecimentos, aprimorar suas habilidades e se qualificar para mudanças na prática, no ensino e na pesquisa.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem , Saúde Pública , Educação a Distância , EducaçãoRESUMO
A hypoxic microenvironment is a hallmark in different types of tumors; this phenomenon participates in a metabolic alteration that confers resistance to treatments. Because of this, it was proposed that a combination of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) and sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) could reduce this alteration, preventing proliferation through the reactivation of aerobic metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). A549 cells were cultured in a hypoxic chamber at 1% O2 for 72 hours to determine the effect of this combination on growth, migration, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) by immunofluorescence. The effect in the metabolism was evaluated by the determination of glucose/glutamine consumption and the lactate/glutamate production. The treatment of 2-ME (10 µM) in combination with DCA (40 mM) under hypoxic conditions showed an inhibitory effect on growth and migration. Notably, this reduction could be attributed to 2-ME, while DCA had a predominant effect on metabolic activity. Moreover, this combination decreases the signaling of HIF-3α and partially HIF-1α but not HIF-2α. The results of this study highlight the antitumor activity of the combination of 2-ME 10 µl/DCA 40 mM, even in hypoxic conditions.
Assuntos
2-Metoxiestradiol/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Dicloroacético/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Hipóxia Tumoral , Microambiente Tumoral , 2-Metoxiestradiol/farmacologia , Células A549 , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Dicloroacético/farmacologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de Adherencia al tratamiento del paciente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en la Unidad de Especialidades de Enfermedades Crónicas en Villahermosa, en un periodo de 6 meses en el año 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, corte transversal y prospectivo, muestra de 106 pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en la Unidad de Especialidades de Enfermedades Crónicas (UNEMEs Ec), en Villahermosa Tabasco. Resultados: Predomina el género femenino con 68 %; el rango de edad es de 51 a 55 años con 19.8 %. En cuanto al nivel de escolaridad 70.8% con primaria y 66 % se dedican a las labores del hogar. En cuanto a los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de adherencia, 88 % lo están con el paciente y 77% con el proveedor; 56 % coinciden en que el factor socioeconómico a veces influye y 49 % refieren que los relacionados con la terapia nunca influyen. En cuanto al comportamiento de adherencia, 47 % refieren tener ventaja para adherencia, 41 % en riesgo de no desarrollar comportamientos de adherencia y el nivel de conocimientos de los pacientes, fue intermedio en 49.1 %. Conclusiones: La población estudiada tiene riesgo de no desarrollar comportamientos de adherencia y cuentan con un nivel de conocimientos intermedio, lo cual implica la necesidad de valorar la intervención psicológica, así como el proceso de enseñanza del paciente, para impactar y/o reorientarlos hacia una mayor adherencia como elemento importante en su beneficio.
Summary: Objective: Analyze the factors that influence the behavior of Adherence to the treatment of the patient with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, in the Unit of Specialties of Chronic Diseases in Villahermosa, over a period of 6 months in 2018. Materials and methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out, with a sample of 106 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in the Unit of Specialties of Chronic Diseases (UNEMEs Ec), in Villahermosa Tabasco. Results: The female gender predominates with 68%; the age range is 51 to 55 years with 19.8%. Regarding the level of schooling, 70.8% have primary education and 66% are dedicated to housework. Regarding the factors that influence the adherence behavior, 88% are with the patient and 77% with the provider; 56% agree that the socioeconomic factor sometimes influences and 49% report that those related to therapy never influence. Regarding the adherence behavior, 47% reported having an advantage for adherence, 41% at risk of not developing adherence behaviors and the level of knowledge of the patients, was intermediate in 49.1%. Conclusions: The population studied has risk of not developing adherence behaviors and have an intermediate level of knowledge, which implies the need to assess the psychological intervention, as well as the patient's teaching process, to impact and / or reorient them towards greater adherence as an important element in their benefit.
Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar os fatores que influenciam o comportamento de adesão ao tratamento de doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, na Unidade de Cuidados de Especialidades Doenças Crónicas em Villahermosa, durante um período de 6 meses em 2018. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, de observado, de coorte transversal e prospetivo, amostra de 106 doentes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na Unidade de Cuidados de Especialidades de doenças crónicas (UNEMES Ec), em Villahermosa. Resultados: 68% da amostra é do sexo feminino, as idades são compreendidas entre 51 e 55 anos (19,8%). 70,8% da amostra apresenta como grau de escolaridade o ensino básico e 66% são trabalhadoras domésticas. Em relação aos fatores que influenciam o comportamento de adesão, 88% estão relacionados com o doente e 77% relacionados com o provedor de cuidados, 56% concordam que os fatores socioeconómicos influenciam por vezes essa adesão e 49% referem que os relacionados com a terapêutica não influenciam. Em relação à adesão, 47% relataram as vantagens da adesão e 41% os riscos de não desenvolver comportamentos de adesão. O nível de conhecimento dos doentes foi considerado intermediário com 49,1%. Conclusões: La population étudiée est á risque de ne pas développer de comportement d'observance et posséde un niveau de connaissance intermédiaire, ce qui implique la nécessité d'évaluer l'intervention psychologique, ainsi que le processus d'enseignement du patient, de les influencer et / ou de les réorienter vers une plus grande adhésion en tant qu'élément important de leur bénéfice.
Résumé: Objectif: Analyser les facteurs qui influencent sur le comportement de l'adhérence au traitement du patient diabétique de type 2, dans l'unité des spécialités des maladies chroniques á Villahermosa, sur une période de 6 mois en 2018. Matériels et méthodes: Une étude quantitative, observationnelle, transversale et prospective a été réalisée. Avec un échantillon de 106 patients atteints de diabéte sucré de type 2 de l'Unité des spécialités de maladies chroniques (UNEMEs Ec) á Villahermosa Tabasco. Résultats: Le sexe féminin predomine avec 68%; la tranche d'áge est de 51 á 55 ans avec 19,8%. En ce qui concerne le niveau de scolarité, 70,8% ont suivi un enseignement primaire et 66% sont consacrés aux travaux ménagers. En ce qui concerne les facteurs qui influencent le comportement d'adhésion, 88% sont avec le patient et 77% avec le prestataire; 56% sont d'accord pour dire que le facteur socio-économique influence parfois et 49% affirment que ceux liés á la thérapie n'influencent jamais. En ce qui concerne le comportement d'adhérence, 47% ont déclaré avoir un avantage pour l'observance, 41% á risque de ne pas développer de comportements d'adhésion et le niveau de connaissance des patients était intermédiaire chez 49,1%. Conclusions: plus de la moitié de la population étudiée est á risque de ne pas développer de comportement d'observance et posséde un niveau de connaissance intermédiaire, ce qui implique la nécessité d'évaluer l'intervention psychologique, ainsi que le processus d'enseignement du patient, de les influencer et / ou de les réorienter vers une plus grande adhésion en tant qu'élément important de leur bénéfice.
RESUMO
The interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are abundant in nature. These microorganisms also interact in the human body. Fungal-bacteria interactions are present in many diseases. In this study, we evaluated the microbial interaction of Fusarium falciforme and Staphylococcus aureus developing mixed biofilm in vitro. When both microorganisms grew up together the mixed biofilm biomass decreased than F. falciforme monobiofilm biomass. S. aureus was able to interact and form aggregates over the mycelium and conidia surface of F. falciforme. Our results suggest that S. aureus could bind to colloidal chitin. On another hand, the supernatants from S. aureus biofilm and S. aureus-F. falciforme presented an antifungal effect over F. falciforme biofilm formation. Finally we found that the pH had an inhibitory effect over fungal biofilm formation. We concluded that S. aureus can affect the F. falciforme growth negatively in mixed biofilm involving factors like pH, supernatants compounds, anchor to chitin, and bacterial viability.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Olho/microbiologia , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Interações Microbianas/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Ácido Acético , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomassa , Quitina , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ácido Láctico , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio , Esporos FúngicosRESUMO
Objetivo: el ambiente universitario sumado a las exigencias de tipo mental, físico y demás, representaría un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías capilares, que impliquen la pérdida de cabello, dentro de la población de estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la frecuencia del fenómeno de la caída de cabello en estudiantes regulares de la Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016. Materiales y métodos: estudio poblacional de corte transversal analítico, en una muestra de 330 estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Se aplicó un instrumento que medía variables demográficas, variables de cuidado capilar y las escalas de alopecia androgénica Hamilton-Norwood y Ludwig. Resultados: edad promedio 21,8 años. Según las escalas empleadas el 55,7% de los estudiantes presentan caída de cabello. Se encontró enfermedad autoinmune en 7,6% de la muestra, siendo la más común el hipotiroidismo autoinmune en un 44%. El antecedente de alopecia se encontró en el 42,7% de los participantes. El nivel de estrés encontrado fue moderado en un 76,7% según cuestionario de estrés de examen de Cisco. Hubo relación significativa (p=0,000) entre el fenómeno de caída de cabello detectado y el programa académico cursado por el estudiante, siendo los más afectados contaduría 85%, derecho 75% y medicina 72%. Psicología reportó la menor cifra con 27,5%. El 84% de los estudiantes con enfermedad autoinmune presentan caída de cabello, el porcentaje de caída de cabello en quienes refirieron estrés de examen moderdo fue de 59,4%. Conclusiones: en la población del presente estudio se encuentra una proporción alta de caída de cabello, lo que hace urgente una intervención..(AU)
Objective: the university environment added to the demands of mental, physical and other types, would represent a risk factor for the development of hair pathologies, involving hair loss, within the population of university students. The objective of the present investigation is to identify the frequency of the phenomenon of hair loss in regular students of the University of Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016. Materials and methods: analytical cross-sectional population study, in a sample of 330 students of the Universidad de Manizales. An instrument that measured demographic variables, capillary care variables and the androgenic alopecia scales Hamilton-Norwood and Ludwig was applied. Results: average age 21.8 years. According to the scales used, 55.7% of students show hair loss. Autoimmune disease was found in 7.6% of the sample, the most common being autoimmune hypothyroidism in 44%. The history of alopecia was found in 42.7% of the participants. The level of stress found was moderate by 76.7% according to the Cisco exam stress test. There was a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between the phenomenon of hair loss detected and the academic program taken by the student, with the most affected being accountancy with 85%, law with 75% law, and medicine 72%. Psychology reported the lowest with 27.5%. 84% of students with autoimmune disease have hair loss, the percentage of hair loss in those who reported moderate levels of stress was 59.4%. Conclusions: in the population of the present study there is a high proportion of hair loss, which makes an intervention urgent..(AU)
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Estudantes , AlopeciaRESUMO
An expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the deubiquitinase ataxin-3 protein is believed to play a role in a neurodegenerative disorder. Ataxin-3 contains a Josephin catalytic domain and a polyQ tract that renders it intrinsically prone to aggregate, and thus full-length protein is difficult to characterize structurally by high-resolution methods. We established a robust protocol for expression and purification of wild-type and expanded ataxin-3, presenting 19Q and 74Q, respectively. Both proteins are monodisperse as assessed by analytical size exclusion chromatography. Initial biophysical characterization was performed, with apparent transition melting temperature of expanded ataxin-3 lower than the wild-type counterpart. We further characterize the molecular envelope of wild-type and expanded polyQ tract in ataxin-3 using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Characterization of protein-protein interactions between ataxin-3 and newly identified binding partners will benefit from our protocol.
Assuntos
Ataxina-3/química , Doença de Machado-Joseph/genética , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Repressoras/química , Ataxina-3/biossíntese , Ataxina-3/genética , Ataxina-3/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia em Gel/métodos , Clonagem Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Doença de Machado-Joseph/metabolismo , Doença de Machado-Joseph/patologia , Modelos Moleculares , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Domínios Proteicos , Dobramento de Proteína , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Repressoras/biossíntese , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/isolamento & purificação , Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
IL-15 is part of the immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but amazingly, it may also induce physiological effects similar to those of insulin. We evaluated the IL-15 and insulin plasmatic levels in adults with PTB and with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), who received previous antituberculosis therapy for at least 2 months. We analyzed the concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, as well as levels of IL-15, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in patients with PTB, patients with PTB-DM2, household contacts with DM2 (C-DM2), and healthy household contacts (H-C). Our results showed unexpected high levels of glucose, insulin, and IL-15 in the PTB and C-DM2 groups. In comparison, low levels of these same indicators were observed in the PTB-DM2 and H-C groups. Interestingly, our analysis showed a positive correlation of IL-15 with insulin in the PTB group (râ¯=â¯0.73) and in the C-DM2 group (râ¯=â¯0.66). In comparison, a weak correlation between IL-15 and insulin was observed in the PTB-DM group (râ¯=â¯0.10) and in the H-C group (ρâ¯=â¯0.26). Our results suggest an association between IL-15 and insulin levels in the patient with PTB. Intriguingly, this association was weaker in the patient with PTB-DM2.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Interleucina-15/sangue , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive tumor that originates in the pleura, is diagnosed in advanced stages and has a poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of MPM is often difficult and complex, and the gold standard diagnosis test is based on qualitative analysis of markers in pleural tissue by immunohistochemical staining. Therefore, it is necessary to develop quantitative and non-subjective alternative diagnostic tools. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate essential cellular mechanisms at the post-transcriptional level. Recent evidence indicates that miRNA expression in tissue and body fluids is aberrant in various tumors, revealing miRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes evidence regarding secreted and tissue miRNAs as biomarkers of MPM and the biological characteristics associated with their potential diagnostic value. In addition to studies regarding miRNAs with potential diagnostic value for MPM, studies that aimed to identify the miRNAs involved in molecular mechanisms associated with MPM development are described with an emphasis on relevant aspects of the experimental designs that may influence the accuracy, consistency and real diagnostic value of currently reported data.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mesotelioma/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Pleurais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/patologia , Mesotelioma Maligno , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pleurais/patologia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Studies dealing with the response of microorganisms to oxidative stress require the dissolution of oxidant agents in an appropriate solvent. A commonly used medium is dimethyl sulfoxide, which has been considered as an innocuous polar solvent. However, we have observed significant differences between control, untreated cells and those receiving increasing amounts of the oxidant and hence increasing amounts of DMSO, to the maximum allowed of 1%. Here we show that, while this solvent does not influence yeast cell viability, it does affect expression of cell wall proteins as well as catalase activity. Therefore, its use in future studies of oxidative stress as an innocuous solvent should be reconsidered.
Assuntos
Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Candida/metabolismo , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
phenotypic expression is the presence of múltiple colorectal adenomatous polyps (more than 100), with high probability developing colorrectal cancer (CRC) before the fifth decade of life. Prophylactic surgery (total colectomy or restorative proctocolectomy) reduces the risk of developing CRC. However, the risk of developing tumors in other organs remains present. Objetive: Analyze the frequency and type of tumors associated with classic familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAPc) patients undergoing prophylactic colectomy. Material and Methods: Cohort study. From the registry of hereditary colorrectal cancer (CRC) at our institution, we identified patients with FAPc who underwent total colectomy with ileorrectal anastomosis (TC-IRA) or restorative proctocolectomy (RTPC), from 1999 to 2014. In the follow-up we analyzed related tumors and mortality. Results: 27 patients, of whom 18 (66.7%) underwent TC-IRA and 9 (33.3%) underwent RTPC. At the time of surgery, 4 patients had CRC (15%) and 5 had extracolonic tumors (osteomas). In a mean follow-up of 49, 4 months (i: 2 y 178) the following lesions were diagnosed: digestive tract adenomas in 17 (63%) patients, of these 2 required a proctectomy and 3 resection of duodenal adenomas. Eight patients developed desmoid tumors (30%), and 3 of them underwent surgery. One patient had an extradigestive tumor (thyroid cancer) and only 8/27 (29.6%) did not develop other tumors. One patient died due to progression of his CCR. Discussion: In this series it is confirmed that most patients will develop neoplasms FAPc after colectomy. conclusion: The removal of the colon and/or rectum is able to prevent the development of CRC. However, two thirds of the patients develop other tumors in which systematic surveillance allowed early detection and treatment.
Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia y tipo de tumores asociados en pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar clásica (PAFc) sometidos a una colectomía profiláctica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte. Desde el registro de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) hereditario, se identificaron las familias con PAFc, y de estas a los pacientes que se les practicó una colectomía total con anastomosis íleorrectal (CT-AIR) o proctocolec-tomía restauradora (PCTR), desde 1999 al 2014. En el seguimiento se analizaron los tumores asociados y su mortalidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 27 pacientes, de los cuales 18 (66,7%) fueron sometidos a CT-AIR y 9 (33,3%) a PCTR. Al momento de la cirugía, 4 pacientes presentaban CCR (15%) y 5 tenían tumores extracolónicos (osteomas). En un seguimiento promedio de 49,4 meses (i: 2 y 178) se diagnosticaron: adenomas del tracto digestivo en 17 (63%) pacientes, de éstos 2 requirieron una proctectomía y 3 resecciones de adenomas duodenales. Ocho pacientes desarrollaron tumores desmoides (30%), y 3 de ellos fueron sometidos a una cirugía. Un paciente presentó un tumor extradigestivo (cáncer de tiroides) y sólo 8/27 (29,6%) pacientes no desarrollaron otros tumores. Un paciente falleció por progresión de su CCR. Discusión: En esta serie se confirma que la mayoría de los pacientes con PAFc seguirán desarrollando neoplasias después de su colectomía. conclusiones: La extirpación del colon y/o recto permitió evitar el desarrollo de CCR. Sin embargo, dos tercios de los pacientes presentaron otros tumores en quienes su seguimiento permitió una detección y tratamiento temprano.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colectomia/efeitos adversos , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/cirurgia , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/etiologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/epidemiologia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Este estudio busco explorar las relaciones entre el temperamento de una muestra de niños de 1 año (264), las expectativas y prácticas de crianza de sus padres y el cortisol en saliva como respuesta al estrés en una submuestra de la anterior (59). La respuesta al estrés se encontró asociada con la variable prácticas disciplinarias (R=0,31) y se correlaciono negativamente con las variables extroversión (R=-0,35) y regulación (-0,21). No se encontró correlación entre las variables de temperamento y crianza, lo cual se interpreta con la teoría de la bondad del ajuste. Estos resultados son relevantes en la planificación de los programas de formación de padres y soportan la importancia de erradicar el castigo físico y promover una crianza flexible que se acople a las diferencias individuales...
Assuntos
Humanos , Punição , Educação Infantil , Temperamento , HidrocortisonaRESUMO
Pleural chronic inflammation (PP) and mesothelial hyperplasia (HP) may be critical to the development of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Nonetheless, studies searching for mechanistic links involving microRNA (miRNA) regulation among these interrelated processes have not been reported. Using PCR-Array, we identified the miRNAs expressed in pleural tissues diagnosed with MPM (n=5), PP (n=4) and HP (n=5), as well as in non-cancerous/non-inflammatory tissue as the normal control (n=5). We performed bioinformatics and network analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs to identify tumorigenesis-related miRNAs and their biological networks. The targets of four down-regulated miRNAs in MPM (mir-181a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-145-5p and miR-212-3p), one in PP (mir-101-3p) and one in HP (mir-494) were significantly enriched in "pathways in cancer". Interactome networks revealed that >50% of down-regulated miRNAs in MPM targeted the signaling-activation molecule MAPK1, the transcription factor ETS1 and the mesenchymal transition-associated molecule FZDA, which have been associated with oncogenic function. Comparative analysis revealed that FZD4 was an overlapping gene target of down-regulated miRNAs that were associated with "pathways in cancer" in MPM, PP and HP. Moreover, MAPK1, ETS1 and Cox-2, a pro-inflammatory enzyme associated with over-expression in cancers, were among the 25 overlapping target genes in MPM and PP. This network analysis revealed a potential combinatory effect of deregulated miRNAs in MPM pathogenesis and indicated potential molecular links between pleural inflammation and hyperplasia with tumorigenesis mechanisms in pleura.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mesotelioma/genética , MicroRNAs/análise , Neoplasias Pleurais/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperplasia/genética , Hiperplasia/patologia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Mesotelioma/patologia , Mesotelioma Maligno , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pleurais/patologia , Transcriptoma , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El presente artículo presenta los resultado de investigación el cual busca describir el desempeño cognitivo de los escolares de 6 a 14 años en pruebas de lenguaje, este estudio se desarrolló con 92 participantes con diferentes estratos socioeconómicos se aplicaron pruebas de Lenguaje: Test de asociación controlada de palabras, Test de vocabulario de Boston, Token test, encontramos que las habilidades y desempeño en pruebas de lenguaje no difieren entre sexo y lateralidad, existen diferencias evidenciables en grupos de edades, con influencia del nivel educacional.
This paper presents results of research which aimed to describe the cognitive performance on tests of language in 6-14-year-old. In this study, the researchers chose a sample population of 92 participants coming from different socioeconomic strata. That is why tests of language, tests of controlled association, Boston Naming Test, and Token Test were applied .
Assuntos
Humanos , Linguagem Infantil , Idioma , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , AprendizagemRESUMO
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar cómo ha evolucionado la investigación enel tema de la crianza y cuáles son, desde el modelo transaccional, las perspectivas y metodologíasactuales. Este modelo plantea relaciones recíprocas entre padres o madres e hijos o hijas, considerandola influencia biológica en relación con la experiencia vital, para llegar a una teoría más complejasobre el desarrollo que la propuesta en las primeras investigaciones. Revisamos la importancia denuevas herramientas estadísticas, como la modelización matemática, que permiten ampliar los tiposde preguntas y los análisis, para aportar evidencia empírica a las hipótesis que se plantean.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , MatemáticaRESUMO
Resumen
Introducción: la cardiopatía isquémica coronaria (CIC), constituyen la enfermedades cardiovascular de mayor relevancia en el mundo, debido al impacto en morbimortalidad. El infarto de miocardio (IM) es la presentación más frecuente de la CIC. La OMS estimó que en el año 2002, 12.6% de las muertes a nivel mundial se debieron a una CIC.
Objetivo: estandarizar la intervención de la enfermera en la atención del paciente con IM.
Metodología: se formularon preguntas. Se estableció una secuencia estandarizada para la búsqueda de Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) relacionadas con el tema: diagnóstico, tratamiento e intervenciones de enfermería en el IAM, a partir de las palabras clave: intervención de enfermería, infarto al miocardio. En esta estrategia también se incluyeron los subencabezamientos: classification, diagnosis, trombolisis, prevention and control, rehabilitation. También se utilizó Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct y OVID. La mayoría de las recomendaciones se tomaron de las GPC seleccionadas. La información se expresa en niveles de evidencia (E) y grado de recomendación (R) de acuerdo al características del diseño y tipo de estudio.
Conclusión: para prestar atención con calidad, es necesaria la coordinación entre los miembros del equipo multidisciplinario. Esta GPC ofrece la mejor evidencia sobre las intervenciones del profesional de enfermería en la atención del paciente con IAM.
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary ischemic heart diseas (IHD) is the most important cardiovascular disease is in the world due to the impact on morbidity and mortality. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common presentation of HID. The WHO estimated that in 2002, 1 2.6% of deaths worldwide were due to IHD.
Objective: To standardize nursing interventions in the care of patients with MI.
Methods: Specific clinical questions were formulated and structured. A standardized sequence was established to search for clinical practice guidelines (CPG) related to the topic: diagnosis, treatment and nursing interventions in MI, based on the keywords: nursing intervention, myocardial infarction. In this strategy also included the subheadings: classification, diagnosis, thrombolysis, prevention and control, rehabilitation. We used also Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct, and OVID. Most of the recommendations were taken of selected guidelines. The information is expressed in levels of evidence (E) and grade of recommendation (R) according to the characteristics of the study design.
Conclusions: This CPG provides the best evidence on nursing interventions in the care of patients with Acute MI.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatias , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Infarto do Miocárdio , Processo de Enfermagem , México , HumanosRESUMO
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. The mechanisms which produce these manifestations of intolerance are not fully defined, current research focuses on cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) inhibition, metabolism of arachidonic acid, and the COX pathway to the lipoxygenase (LO) route, inducing increased synthesis of leukotrienes (LT). The biological plausibility of this model has led to the search for polymorphisms in genes responsible for proinflammatory cytokines synthesis, such as IL1B and IL8. We performed a genetic association study between IL8-251 (rs4073) and IL1B-511 (rs16944) polymorphisms in AERD, aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA), and healthy control subjects. Using allelic discrimination by real-time PCR, we found statistically nonsignificant associations between AERD, ATA, and healthy control subjects for the GG and GA genotypes of IL1B (rs16944). Interestingly, the AA genotype showed an increased frequency in the AERD patients versus the ATA group (GF = 0.19 versus 0.07, p = 0.018, OR 2.98, and 95% CI 1.17-7.82). This is the first observation that IL1B polymorphisms are involved in AERD. Thus, future studies must investigate whether interleukin-1ß is released in the airways of AERD patients and whether it relates to genetic polymorphisms in the IL1B gene.
RESUMO
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la evidencia proveniente de estudios en animales y humanos acerca de la regulación del circuito del estrés. Los datos de estas investigaciones se centran en el funcionamiento del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-suprarrenal, y en la manera como las experiencias tempranas de estrés pueden configurar la reactividad del sistema. Resaltamos el papel de la crianza sensible para promover el desarrollo de sistemas autorregulatorios adecuados, y el peligro de las experiencias de negligencia y estrés crónico en los niños y niñas pequeños. Al final presentamos acciones, con base en la evidencia disponible, para disminuir el estrés crónico en la crianza.
O objetivo deste artigo consiste em revisar a evidencia proveniente dos estudos com animais e seres humanos sobre a regulação do circuito do estrés. Os dados destas pesquisas centram-se no funcionamento do eixo hipotálamo--hipófise--supra-renal, e na maneira como as primeiras experiências do estrés podem configurar a reatividade do sistema. Destacamos o papel da criação sensível para promover o desenvolvimento de sistemas auto-regulatórios adequados, e o perigo das experiências de negligencia e do estrés crônico nas crianças. Ao final apresentamos ações, baseadas na experiência disponível, para diminuir o estrés crônico na criança.
The purpose of this article is to revise evidence from human and animal research around the stress regulation pathway. The data from research studies are based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland system and on the way stress early experiences can condition the circuit reactivity. The role of sensible rearing practices to promote the development of adequate self-regulatory systems. Te risk of negligent experiences as well as chronic stress on early childhood. Finally base on existing evidence we propose activities to prevent chronic stress on early childhood.