RESUMO
The innovative performance of manufacturing and service companies can be impacted by the existing relationship between open innovation (OI) and the generation of confidentiality agreements (NDAs) as a tool for the protection of intellectual property. Based on the analysis of a cross-sectional sample of 6,798 industrial companies (2019-2020) and 9,304 companies in the service sector (2017-2019) that are part of the directory of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) in its Technological Innovation and Development Survey (EDIT and EDITS), it can be suggested that the interaction of these two variables (OI and NDAs) generate positive effects for the manufacturing industry but negative ones for the service sector. It could be deduced that the positive effect is due to the greater tradition of OI in the manufacturing industry and the negative effect to the caution that the service sector presents when collaborating with external actors.
Assuntos
Confidencialidade , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Indústria Manufatureira , Invenções , Propriedade Intelectual , Indústrias , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.
Assuntos
Malária Vivax , Populações Vulneráveis , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevalência , Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , Incidência , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , População Rural , Adolescente , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissão , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
ABSTRACT Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) y la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) son sistemas no invasivos que se administran post-extubación en pacientes COVID-19 para evitar la reintubación. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre la elección de alguno de estos dispositivos no está muy clara. El objetivo fue determinar si el grupo que recibió OAF comparado con el grupo que recibió VNI se asocia a menor riesgo de reintubación en adultos con destete difícil y extubados por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio cohorte retrospectivo en 206 registros de pacientes en destete difícil de ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). El resultado primario fue reintubación en pacientes que fracasaron con OAF o VNI post-extubación y los resultados secundarios fueron estancia hospitalaria en UCI y mortalidad a los 90 días. Resultados: Doscientos seis pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 102 pacientes en el grupo OAF y 104 pacientes en el grupo VNI. Durante el seguimiento de 72 horas, la tasa de reintubación en el grupo OAF fue mayor [n=24 (64,9%)] comparado con el grupo VNI [n=13 (35,1%)], mostrando en el análisis de Kaplan-Meier diferencias significativas (Log-Rank-Test p=0,005). La regresión de COX mostró mayor riesgo de reintubación en el grupo de OAF frente a VNI (HR 2,74; IC95% 1,42-5,68; p=0,007). No hubo diferencias en los días de hospitalización UCI (p=0,913) ni en mortalidad a los 90 días (Log-Rank-Test p=0,49). Conclusión: Este estudio observacional retrospectivo sugirió que la OAF frente al VNI se asoció a mayor riesgo de reintubación, pero no a mortalidad a los 90 días.
ABSTRACT Introduction: High flow oxygen therapy (HFO) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) are non-invasive systems that are administered post-extubation in COVID-19 patients to avoid reintubation. However, the evidence on the choice of any of these devices is not very clear. The objective was to determine if the group that received OAF compared to the group that received NIV is associated with a lower risk of reintubation in adults with difficult weaning and extubated due to COVID-19. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study in 206 records of patients in difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The primary outcome was reintubation in patients who failed HFO or post-extubation NIV, and the secondary outcomes were ICU hospital stay and 90-day mortality. Results: Two hundred and six patients met the inclusion criteria, 102 patients in the OAF group and 104 patients in the NIV group. During the 72-h follow-up, the reintubation rate in the HFO group was higher [n=24 (64,9%)] compared to the NIV group [n=13 (35,1%)], showing in the analysis of Kaplan-Meier significant differences (Log-Rank-Test p=0,005). COX regression showed a higher risk of reintubation in the HFO group compared to NIV (HR 2,74; 95%CI 1,42-5,68; p=0,007). There were no differences in ICU hospitalization days (p=0,913) or in 90-day mortality (Log-Rank-Test p=0,49). Conclusion: This retrospective observational study suggested that HFO versus NIV was associated with a higher risk of reintubation, but not with 90-day mortality.
RESUMO
Objetivos: Estudiar el comportamiento y la ansiedad de pacientes de 4-8 años durante la primera visita dental, relacionando dicho comportamiento con las prácticas parentales. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio clínico transversal observacional. La selección de los pacientes se realizó mediante un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo de conveniencia. Los padres cumplimentaron un cuestionario antes de la visita, y se realizó la evaluación del niño mediante la observación para determinar su nivel de ansiedad y el tipo de comportamiento. Resultados: 18 niños de edades comprendidas entre 4 y 8 años participaron en el estudio. El 72,2 % de los participantes tuvo un nivel de ansiedad "inquieto" y el 27,8 % "relajado". El 72,2 % tuvo un comportamiento "levemente positivo". El estilo de crianza mayoritario fue el "autoritativo" con un 83,3 %. No se ha visto una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de ansiedad y el comportamiento de los niños en la primera visita dental y el estilo de crianza (p>0,5). Conclusiones: El nivel de ansiedad de los niños no está influenciado con el estilo de crianza. Sin embargo, se ha visto un mejor comportamiento en la primera visita dental en los niños con padres autoritativos.
Objetivos: Estudar o comportamento e a ansiedade de pacientes de 4 a 8 anos durante a primeira consulta odontológica, relacionando esse comportamento às práticas parentais. Material e métodos: Foi elaborado um estudo clínico transversal não experimental. A seleção dos pacientes foi realizada inicialmente por meio de amostragem não probabilística consecutiva por conveniência. Os pais receberam um questionário antes da visita e, posteriormente, a criança foi avaliada por observação para determinar seu nível de ansiedade e tipo de comportamento. Resultados: participaram do estudo 18 crianças com idades entre 4 e 8 anos. 72,2% dos participantes apresentavam nível de ansiedade "inquieto" e 27,8% "relaxado". 72,2% tiveram um comportamento "ligeiramente positivo". O estilo parental majoritário foi "autoritativo" com 83,3%. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o nível de ansiedade e o comportamento das crianças na primeira consulta ao dentista e o estilo parental (p> 0,5). Conclusões: O nível de ansiedade das crianças não é influenciado pelo estilo parental. No entanto, um melhor comportamento na primeira consulta odontológica foi observado em crianças com pais autoritativos.
Objectives: To study the behavior and anxiety of 4-8 year-old patients during the first dental visit, relating this behavior to parenting practices. Material and methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional clinical study was designed. The selection of patients was initially carried out by means of a non-probabilistic consecutive convenience sampling. A questionnaire was given to the parents before the visit, and subsequently the child's evaluation was carried out through observation to determine the level of anxiety and the type of behavior of the child. Results: 18 children aged between 4 and 8 years participated in the study. 72.2% of the participants had a "restless" anxiety level and 27.8 "relaxed". 72.2% had a "slightly positive" behavior. The majority parenting style was "authoritative" with 83.3%. No statistically significant difference was seen between the children's anxiety level and behavior at the first dental visit and parenting style (p> 0.5). Conclusions: The children's anxiety level is not influenced by the parenting style, however, a better behavior has been seen in the first dental visit in children with authoritative parents
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Ansiedade , Poder Familiar , Odontólogos , Pacientes , Cruzamento , Clínicas OdontológicasRESUMO
Introducción: Los cambios en los estilos de crianza de los últimos 25 años han llevado a desestimar en Odontopediatria algunas técnicas de orientación conductual (TODC) clásicas porque los padres las consideran poco apropiadas para sus hijos. Esto ha generado cambios en los programas de formación en Odontopediatría. Objetivo: Revisar las TODC más empleadas actualmente por odontopediatras, las más enseñadas en los programas de Odontología y la influencia de la aceptación parental en ello. Material y método: se realizó una revisión descriptiva de la literatura. Para establecer la base documental, constituida por 42 artículos, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos: Cochrane, SciElo, Medline y Google Academy. Resultados:La familia ha experimentado un proceso de transformación con nuevos modelos de relaciones familiares y de crianza. Aunque los odontopediatras reconocen que la crianza autoritativa es la que favorece un comportamiento más positivo en el consultorio, perciben una tendencia parental hacia la permisividad. Eso ha favorecido que el empleo de algunas TODC clásicas, como control de voz o la estabilización física activa haya disminuido y la formación y entrenamiento al respecto también. Conclusiones:La formación de los odontopediatras está influenciada por el entorno socio-cultural y por aspectos ético-legales cambiantes. Ante la tendencia actual a un patrón de crianza más permisivo las TODC más enseñadas en los programas de Odontopediatría y, las más empleadas por los odontopediatras son las de comunicación. Conocer el patrón de crianza parental puede orientar al profesional para sugerir las TODC más adecuadas a cada entorno familiar
Introdução: As mudanças nos estilos de criação dos últimos 25 anos levaram a rejeitar algumas técnicas de orientação comportamental (TOC) clássicas em Odontopediatria porque os pais as consideravam inapropriadas para seus filhos. Isto gerou mudanças nos programas de formação em Odontopediatria. Objetivo: Revisar as TOC mais utilizadas atualmente pelos odontopediatras, as mais ensinadas nos programas de Odontologia e a influência da aceitação parental em todo isso. Material e método: Foi feita uma revisão descritiva da literatura. Para estabelecer a base documental, composta por 42 artigos, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de datos: Cochrane, SciElo, Medline y Google Academy. Resultados: A família passou por um processo de transformação com novos modelos de relacionamento familiar e parental. Embora os odontopediatras reconheçam que a criação autoritativa é a que favorece um comportamento mais positivo no consultório, percebem também uma tendência dos pais à permissividade. Isso tem favorecido que o emprego de algumas TOC clássicas, como controle de voz ou a estabilização física ativa, tenha diminuído e a formação e treinamento a esse respeito também. Conclusões: A formação dos odontopediatras é influenciada pelo entorno sócio-cultural e por aspetos ético-legais mutáveis. Dada a tendência atual para um modelo de criação mais permissivo as TOC mais ensinadas nos programas de Odontopediatria e, as mais empregadas pelos odontopediatras são as de comunicação. Conhecer o modelo parental pode orientar o profissional para sugerir as TOC mais adequadas a cada ambiente familiar
Introduction: The changes in parenting styles in the last 25 years have led to the dismissal in pediatric dentistry of some classic behavioral guidance techniques (BGT) because parents consider them inappropriate for their children. This has generated changes in the training programs in Pediatric Dentistry. Objective: To review the BTG most currently used by pediatric dentists, the most taught in Dentistry programs and the influence of parental acceptance on it. Material and method: A descriptive review of the literature was carried out. To establish the documentary base, consisting of 42 articles, a search was carried out in the databases: Cochrane, SciElo, Medline and Google Academy. Results: The family has undergone a process of transformation with new models of family and parenting relationships. Although pediatric dentists recognize that authoritative parenting is the one that favors a more positive behavior in the dental office, they perceive a parental tendency towards permissiveness that has favored the decrease in the use of some classic BGT, such as voice control or active physical stabilization, and the learning and training about them as well. Conclusions: The training of pediatric dentists is influenced by the socio-cultural environment and by the changing ethical-legal aspects. Given the current trend towards a more permissive parenting pattern, the most taught and most used BGT in Pediatric Dentistry programs are communication techniques. Knowing the parental upbringing pattern can guide the professional to suggest the most appropriate BGT for each family environment
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Orientação , Família , Poder Familiar , Pais , Ensino , Comunicação , Consultórios Odontológicos , Educação , Academias e Institutos , AprendizagemAssuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Delírio/induzido quimicamente , Idoso Fragilizado , SARS-CoV-2 , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vacina BNT162 , Delírio/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Fumarato de Quetiapina/uso terapêutico , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , SARS-CoV-2/imunologiaRESUMO
Objetivos: Determinar en una muestra de adolescentes españoles sus conocimientos sobre la erosión dental y los alimentos, bebidas y hábitos alimenticios que la producen. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 348 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años. Se valoró su conocimiento sobre la erosión dental y sus factores etiológicos mediante un cuestionario. Resultados: El 17,82% refirió conocer la erosión dental, el 26,44% solo había oído hablar de ella y el 62,35% pensaba erróneamente que los términos erosión y caries eran equivalentes. Al relacionar el conocimiento sobre los alimentos que producen erosión dental y la edad de los participantes se observó que el grupo de 16-17 años conocía en un porcentaje significativamente mayor la capacidad erosiva de la naranja (p<0,05), el limón (p<0,05), la fresa (p<0,01) y el kiwi (p<0,01). Esto se observó también con las bebidas gaseosas (p<0,01) y las isotónicas (p<0,01). Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos sobre la erosión dental es en general bajo, aumentando con la edad. La capacidad erosiva de los cítricos y de las bebidas gaseosas es más conocida entre los adolescentes que la de otros alimentos o bebidas.
Objetivos: Determinar em uma amostra de adolescentes espanhóis seu conhecimento sobre a erosão dentaria e os alimentos, as bebidas e os hábitos alimentares que a produzem. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 348 adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos. O conhecimento sobre erosão dentaria e seus fatores etiológicos foi avaliada por meio de um questionário. Resultados: 17,82% relataram conhecer erosão dentaria; 26,44% tinham ouvido falar dela e 62,35% pensavam erroneamente que os termos erosão e càrie eram equivalentes. Ao relacionar o conhecimento sobre os alimentos que produzem erosão dentaria y a idade dos participantes observou-se que o grupo de 16-17 anos conhecia em uma porcentagem significativamente maior a capacidade erosiva da laranja (p<0,05), do limão (p<0,05), do morango (p<0,01) e do kiwi (p<0,01). Isto também foi observado com refrigerantes (p<0,01) e bebidas isotônicas (p<0,01). Concluções: O conhecimento sobre erosão dentaria foi geralmente baixo, aumentando com a idade. Os adolescentes conhecem melhor a capacidade erosiva de frutas cítricas e refrigerantes do que outros alimentos ou bebidas.
Objectives: To determine in a sample of Spanish adolescents their knowledge of dental erosion and the food, drinks and eating habits that produce it. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 348 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old. Their knowledge of dental erosion and its etiological factors was assessed through a questionnaire. Results: 17.82% reported knowing dental erosion, 26.44% had only heard of it and 62.35% mistakenly thought that the terms erosion and caries were equivalent. When relating knowledge about the foods that cause dental erosion and the age of the participants, it was observed that the group of 16-17 years knew in a significantly higher percentage the erosive capacity of the orange (p <0.05), the lemon ( p <0.05), strawberry (p <0.01) and kiwi (p <0.01). This was also observed with soft drinks (p <0.01) and isotonic drinks (p <0.01). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about dental erosion was generally low, increasing with age. The erosive capacity of citrus fruits and soft drinks is better known among adolescents than that of other foods or drinks.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cárie Dentária , Bebidas Energéticas/efeitos adversos , Alimentos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: El Síndrome Inflamatorio Pediátrico Multisistémico (PIMS) ha emergido como una nueva enfermedad en niños, secundaria a infección por SARSCoV-2. Se caracteriza por presentar compromiso multiorgánico con parámetros inflamatorios elevados y manifestaciones clínicas graves, siendo el corazón el órgano más severamente comprometido. OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas y de laboratorio de 23 pacientes con diagnóstico de PIMS con compromiso cardiovascular hospitalizados en un centro único. MÉTODO: Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo analizando los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio junto a las manifestaciones cardiovasculares que presentaron estos pacientes. RESULTADOS: 23/29 pacientes con PIMS (78%) presentaron manifestaciones digestivas y mucocutáneas. Las manifestaciones cardiovasculares fueron: Síndrome Kawasaki y "Kawasaki like" sin compromiso coronario en 15/23 (65%) y con compromiso coronario en 3 (13%). Shock en 9 pacientes (39%), injuria miocárdica- miocarditis en 8 (35%) y derrame pericárdico en 13 (56%). Trastornos del ritmo cardíaco se observaron en 6 pacientes (26%). La terapia más utilizada fue inmunoglobulina y corticoides. 18 /23 requirieron manejo en unidades de intermedio y/o intensivo. Un 70% de los pacientes se recuperó del compromiso cardiovascular antes del alta. CONCLUSIÓN: El compromiso cardiovascular en PIMS es la complicación más frecuente de esta enfermedad, que se acompaña de manifestaciones inmunológicas y hematológicas graves lo que hace necesario un tratamiento multidisciplinario para un mejor manejo de estos pacientes.
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome (PIMS) has emerged as a new disease in children, secondary to SARSCoV-2 infection. It is characterized by multi-organ involvement with elevated inflammatory parameters and severe clinical manifestations, the heart being the organ most severely involved. OBJETIVE: to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 23 patients diagnosed with PIMS with cardiovascular involvement hospitalized in a single center. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study in which we analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings along with the cardiovascular manifestations presented by these patients. Results: 23/29 patients with PIMS and cardiovascular involvement were selected, 78% had digestive and mucocutaneous manifestations. Cardiovascular manifestations consisted of KawasakiKawasaki like syndrome without coronary involvement in 15/23 (65%) and coronary involvement in 3 (13%). Nine patients developed shock (39%), 8 (35%) myocardial injury in and 13 (56%) pericardial effusion.. Heart rhythm disorders were observed in 6 patients (26%). The main therapy was immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. 18 /23 required management in intermediate and/or intensive care unit. 70% of patients recovered from cardiovascular involvement before discharge. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular involvement in PIMS is the most frequent complication of this disease, but it is associated with severe immunological and hematological manifestations, which makes necessary a multidisciplinary treatment for a better management
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/complicações , COVID-19/complicações , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Aneurisma Coronário/epidemiologia , Ecocardiografia , Chile , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva tratar sobre a forma como o ódio colonial vem sendo historicamente capitaneado pelo capitalismo, perpetuando, a partir do Estado moderno, uma estrutura racial e sexista que alijam pessoas negras, mulheres e LGBT. Ainda que interseccionada, iremos nos deter no ódio direcionado às pessoas transgêneros, sujeitos cujo controle da vida e dos corpos tem revelado ódio como projeto de Estado neoliberal que promove a invisibilidade e o extermínio dessas pessoas.
Abstract: This article aims to deal with the way colonial hatred has been historically dominated by capitalism, perpetuating from the Modern State a racial and sexist structure that black people, women and LGBT. Although intersected, we will focus on hatred toward transgender people, subjects whose control of their lives and bodies has revealed Hatred as a neoliberal state project that promotes their invisibility and extermination.
RESUMO
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention for therapeutic applications. Since cells derived from different tissues have different properties, using the right tissue source may impact their efficiency in regenerative medicine. This study describes for the first time the isolation and characterization of MSCs derived from the equine coronary corium, which may be useful for treating diseases such as laminitis. Seven coronary corium samples were used for isolation of cells (ccMSCs). Adherent cells were characterized for morphology, immunophenotype, proliferation and differentiation potential, in vitro migration and colony-forming capacity. The cells displayed the characteristic fibroblastoid morphology, with population doubling time increasing until passage 7 and reaching a plateau in passage 10. Cells were negative for CD14 and CD45, and positive for CD73 and CD90. ccMSCs showed chondrogenic and osteogenic, but not adipogenic differentiation, and migrated with nearly total closing of the empty area in 48 h, in the scratch assay. The clonogenic potential was in average 18% to 23%. This study describes for the first time the establishment of mesenchymal stromal cell cultures from the equine coronary corium. The results are similar to MSCs isolated from many other equine tissues, except for restricted differentiation potential. As coronary corium stem cell regulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of equine chronic laminitis, the use of ccMSCs in cell therapy for this significantly debilitating disease should be further investigated.
Assuntos
Derme/citologia , Cavalos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Medicina Regenerativa , Dermatopatias/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Usher syndrome (USH) is a recessive inherited disease characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and sometimes, vestibular dysfunction. Although the molecular epidemiology of Usher syndrome has been well studied in Europe and United States, there is a lack of studies in other regions like Africa or Central and South America. METHODS: We designed a NGS panel that included the 10 USH causative genes (MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1G, CIB2, USH2A, ADGRV1, WHRN, and CLRN1), four USH associated genes (HARS, PDZD7, CEP250, and C2orf71), and the region comprising the deep-intronic c.7595-2144A>G mutation in USH2A. RESULTS: NGS sequencing was performed in 11 USH patients from Cuba. All the cases were solved. We found the responsible mutations in the USH2A, ADGRV1, CDH23, PCDH15, and CLRN1 genes. Four mutations have not been previously reported. Two mutations are recurrent in this study: c.619C>T (p.Arg207∗) in CLRN1, previously reported in two unrelated Spanish families of Basque origin, and c.4488G>C (p.Gln1496His) in CDH23, first described in a large Cuban family. Additionally, c.4488G>C has been reported two more times in the literature in two unrelated families of Spanish origin. CONCLUSION: Although the sample size is very small, it is tempting to speculate that the gene frequencies in Cuba are distinct from other populations mainly due to an "island effect" and genetic drift. The two recurrent mutations appear to be of Spanish origin. Further studies with a larger cohort are needed to elucidate the real genetic landscape of Usher syndrome in the Cuban population.
RESUMO
A thorough understanding of the heritability, genetic correlations and additive and non-additive variance components of tree growth and wood properties is a requisite for effective tree breeding. This knowledge is essential to maximize genetic gain, that is, the amount of increase in trait performance achieved annually through directional selection. Understanding the genetic attributes of traits targeted by breeding is also important to sustain decade-long genetic progress, that is, the progress made by increasing the average genetic value of the offspring as compared to that of the parental generation. In this study, we report quantitative genetic parameters for fifteen growth, wood chemical and physical traits for the world-famous Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid (E. grandis × E. urophylla). These traits directly impact the optimal use of wood for cellulose pulp, paper, and energy production. A population of 1,000 trees sampled in a progeny trial was phenotyped directly or following the development and use of near-infrared spectroscopy calibration models. Trees were genotyped with 33,398 SNPs and 24,001 DArT-seq genome-wide markers and genomic realized relationship matrices (GRM) were used for parameter estimation with an individual-tree additive-dominant mixed model. Wood chemical properties and wood density showed stronger genetic control than growth, cellulose and fiber traits. Additive effects are the main drivers of genetic variation for all traits, but dominance plays an equally or more important role for growth, singularly in this hybrid. GRM´s with >10,000 markers provided stable relationships estimates and more accurate parameters than pedigrees by capturing the full genetic relationships among individuals and disentangling the non-additive from the additive genetic component. Low correlations between growth and wood properties indicate that simultaneous selection for wood traits can be applied with minor effects on genetic gain for growth. Conversely, moderate to strong correlations between wood density and chemical traits exist, likely due to their interdependency on cell wall structure such that responses to selection will be connected for these traits. Our results illustrate the advantage of using genome-wide marker data to inform tree breeding in general and have important consequences for operational breeding of eucalypt urograndis hybrids.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eucalyptus/genética , Brasil , Eucalyptus/química , Genoma de Planta , Genótipo , Hibridização Genética , Modelos Genéticos , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Especificidade da Espécie , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Árvores/química , Árvores/genética , Árvores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Madeira/química , Madeira/genética , Madeira/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) in tree breeding typically only uses information from genotyped trees. However, information from phenotyped but non-genotyped trees can also be highly valuable. The single-step GBLUP approach (ssGBLUP) allows genomic prediction to take into account both genotyped and non-genotyped trees simultaneously in a single evaluation. In this study, we investigated the advantage, in terms of breeding value accuracy and bias, of including phenotypic observation from non-genotyped trees in a standard tree GBLUP evaluation. We compared the efficiency of the conventional pedigree-based (ABLUP), GBLUP and ssGBLUP approaches to evaluate eight growth and wood quality traits in a Eucalyptus hybrid population, genotyped with 33,398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the EucHIP60k. Theoretical accuracies, predictive ability and bias were calculated by ten-fold cross validation on all traits. The use of additional phenotypic information from non-genotyped trees by means of ssGBLUP provided higher predictive ability (from 37% to 75%) and lower prediction bias (from 21% to 73%) for the genetic component of non-phenotyped but genotyped trees when compared to GBLUP. The increase (decrease) in the prediction accuracy (bias) became stronger as trait heritability decreased. We concluded that ssGBLUP is a promising breeding tool to improve accuracies and bias over classical GBLUP for genomic evaluation in Eucalyptus breeding practice.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/genética , Madeira/genética , Eucalyptus/anatomia & histologia , Eucalyptus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos de Associação Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Madeira/anatomia & histologia , Madeira/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in plants typically suffer from limited statistical power. An alternative to the logistical and cost challenge of increasing sample sizes is to gain power by meta-analysis using information from independent studies. We carried out GWAS for growth traits with six single-marker models and regional heritability mapping (RHM) in four Eucalyptus breeding populations independently and by Joint-GWAS, using gene and segment-based models, with data for 3373 individuals genotyped with a communal EUChip60KSNP platform. While single-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) GWAS hardly detected significant associations at high-stringency in each population, gene-based Joint-GWAS revealed nine genes significantly associated with tree height. Associations detected using single-SNP GWAS, RHM and Joint-GWAS set-based models explained on average 3-20% of the phenotypic variance. Whole-genome regression, conversely, captured 64-89% of the pedigree-based heritability in all populations. Several associations independently detected for the same SNPs in different populations provided unprecedented GWAS validation results in forest trees. Rare and common associations were discovered in eight genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and lignification. With the increasing adoption of genomic prediction of complex phenotypes using shared SNPs and much larger tree breeding populations, Joint-GWAS approaches should provide increasing power to pinpoint discrete associations potentially useful toward tree breeding and molecular applications.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/genética , Genoma de Planta , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Melhoramento Vegetal , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Padrões de Herança/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia de la mezcla eutéctica de lidocaína y prilocaína al 4% comparándola con el gel de benzocaína al 20% en el control del dolor generado por la colocación de una grapa para el aislamiento absoluto previo a la realización de un sellante de fisuras y valorar el efecto psicológico placebo del uso del anestésico tópico. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio clínico aleatorizado. La muestra estuvo constituida por 96 primeros molares permanentes con fosas y fisuras profundas y retentivas, pertenecientes a 24 pacientes. Los molares fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos de estudio, benzocaína 20%, lidocaína y prilocaína al 4%, vaselina y un grupo control. Antes y después de la colocación de la grapa se registró la escala de dolor de caras-revisada y la frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados: La mezcla eutéctica de lidocaína y prilocaína al 4% obtuvo valores significativamente más bajos en la escala de dolor de caras-revisada, seguida de la benzocaína al 20% y la vaselina (p<0,05). La mezcla eutéctica de lidocaína y prilocaína al 4% presentó menor modificación de la frecuencia cardíaca (p<0,05) en relación con los otros grupos, entre los que no se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La mezcla eutéctica de lidocaína y prilocaína al 4% demostró mayor efectividad que el gel de benzocaína al 20% en la prevención del dolor generado por la colocación de una grapa. Del mismo modo se confirmó el efecto psicológico placebo de la anestésica tópica.
RESUMO
O aumento da inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho formal e as mudanças do papel feminino nos séculos XX e XXI, remetem a uma adaptação da mulher a esta realidade social. Muitas vezes, é necessário conciliar funções onde a mulher é desafiada a atender diversas demandas e cumprir expectativas provenientes de cada uma delas, como as funções profissional e materna. Este estudo buscou caracterizar as implicações na relação de mulheres com seu trabalho e rotina pessoal após a licença maternidade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicadas a mulheres que haviam retornado ao trabalho após a licença maternidade de seu primeiro filho. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que a maternidade é uma experiência significativa que influencia na rotina e no trabalho da mulher. Verificou-se ainda que as mulheres optam por conciliar os papéis materno e profissional, por perceberem benefícios sociais, cognitivos e emocionais viabilizados pelo trabalho.(AU)
Abstract The rise of the insertion of the woman in the formal job market an the changes in the female role in the age XX e XXI, remit to a woman adapting to this social reality. It is often necessary to conciliate functions where the woman is challenged to meet various demands and fulfill the expectations from each of them, such as professional and maternal functions. This study sought to characterize the implications on women's relationship with his work and his personal routine on returning to work after maternity leave. The dates have been collected through semi-structured interviews applied to wives which they had returned to work after maternity leave of her first son. Among the results, it was observed that motherhood is a meaningful experience and that influence in the routine and women's work. However also it was found that, for realize social, cognitives and emotional benefits made possibles by the work, women opt for combine both roles.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Licença Parental , Mercado de TrabalhoRESUMO
Agaricus brasiliensis include bioactive compounds that can act as antibiotics, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and nematostatic substances. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single application of aqueous mycelial suspension (AMS) of A. brasiliensis in control of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and resistance induction in 'Isabel Precoce' grapevines under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% AMS A. brasiliensis, as well as treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The variables analyzed were: sporangiospore germination, disease severity, represented by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase and polyphenol. The 10%, 15% and 20% doses of AMS caused approximately 80% reduction in germination of P. viticola sporangiospores. The treatments did not show significant effects in reducing both the AUDPC of mildew and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. The A. brasiliensis aqueous mycelial suspension showed a fungitoxic effect on the germination of sporangiopores; however, it was not enough to reduce the severity of mildew in the 'Isabel Precoce' grapevines, even when acting on the catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Thus, experiments should be performed to verify the viability of the reproductive structures of the pathogen externalized in the vines when treated with A. brasiliensis AMS.(AU)
Agaricus brasiliensis possui compostos bioativos que apresentam atividade antimicrobiana e induz mecanismos de defesa em plantas contra patógenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis no controle do míldio (Plasmopara viticola) e indução de resistência em videiras Isabel Precoce. Os tratamentos foram: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20% da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis, além do tratamento com acibenzolar-S-metil. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação de esporangiósporos; severidade da doença, representada pela área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença; atividade da enzima catalase; peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. As doses 10, 15 e 20% de suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis proporcionaram redução de aproximadamente 80% na germinação dos esporangiósporos de P. viticola. Os tratamentos não apresentaram efeitos significativos na redução da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença do míldio e na atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase. A dose de 10% da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis reduziu a atividade de catalase e induziu a atividade da peroxidase. A suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis apresentou efeito fungitóxico na germinação de esporangióporos, entretanto não foi suficiente para reduzir a severidade do míldio da videira Isabel Precoce, mesmo atuando na atividade das enzimas catalase e peroxidase. Assim, experimentos deverão ser realizados para verificar a viabilidade das estruturas reprodutivas do patógeno exteriorizadas nas videiras quando tratadas com suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis.(AU)
Assuntos
Agaricus/virologia , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Agentes de Controle BiológicoRESUMO
Agaricus brasiliensis include bioactive compounds that can act as antibiotics, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and nematostatic substances. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single application of aqueous mycelial suspension (AMS) of A. brasiliensis in control of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and resistance induction in 'Isabel Precoce' grapevines under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% AMS A. brasiliensis, as well as treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The variables analyzed were: sporangiospore germination, disease severity, represented by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase and polyphenol. The 10%, 15% and 20% doses of AMS caused approximately 80% reduction in germination of P. viticola sporangiospores. The treatments did not show significant effects in reducing both the AUDPC of mildew and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. The A. brasiliensis aqueous mycelial suspension showed a fungitoxic effect on the germination of sporangiopores; however, it was not enough to reduce the severity of mildew in the 'Isabel Precoce' grapevines, even when acting on the catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Thus, experiments should be performed to verify the viability of the reproductive structures of the pathogen externalized in the vines when treated with A. brasiliensis AMS.(AU)
Agaricus brasiliensis possui compostos bioativos que apresentam atividade antimicrobiana e induz mecanismos de defesa em plantas contra patógenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis no controle do míldio (Plasmopara viticola) e indução de resistência em videiras Isabel Precoce. Os tratamentos foram: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20% da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis, além do tratamento com acibenzolar-S-metil. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação de esporangiósporos; severidade da doença, representada pela área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença; atividade da enzima catalase; peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. As doses 10, 15 e 20% de suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis proporcionaram redução de aproximadamente 80% na germinação dos esporangiósporos de P. viticola. Os tratamentos não apresentaram efeitos significativos na redução da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença do míldio e na atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase. A dose de 10% da suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis reduziu a atividade de catalase e induziu a atividade da peroxidase. A suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis apresentou efeito fungitóxico na germinação de esporangióporos, entretanto não foi suficiente para reduzir a severidade do míldio da videira Isabel Precoce, mesmo atuando na atividade das enzimas catalase e peroxidase. Assim, experimentos deverão ser realizados para verificar a viabilidade das estruturas reprodutivas do patógeno exteriorizadas nas videiras quando tratadas com suspensão miceliada aquosa de A. brasiliensis.(AU)
Assuntos
Agaricus/virologia , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Agentes de Controle BiológicoRESUMO
O aumento na prática de esportes por parte das mulheres na sociedade ocidental atual é um fato de inegável importância. Entretanto, os esportes e as práticas esportivas ainda são um campo no qual os homens estão em maior número e continuam a ser mais valorizados e mais bem remunerados do que as atletas. Se praticar esportes traz benefícios para o desenvolvimento integral do ser humano, entre os quais se destacam os aspectos físicos, psicológicos e sociais (transmissão de valores, trabalho em equipe, respeito, autoestima, autoconceito etc.), quando se impede ou se dificulta o acesso da mulher no âmbito esportivo, impõe-se uma posição de inferioridade em relação ao homem. Neste artigo, fazemos uma breve análise das justificativas científicas e sociais utilizadas para dificultar o acesso das mulheres às práticas esportivas na sociedade ocidental por razões de gênero, bem como refletir sobre como o próprio desenvolvimento desse conceito pode influenciar na transformação dessa condição. Essas reflexões se inscrevem tanto no campo da psicologia quanto no da sociologia do esporte com enfoque feminista, que têm como objetivo questionar a discriminação de gênero nas práticas esportivas.
The increase in women's sports practice in current Western society is a fact of undeniable importance. However, sports and sporting practices are still fields in which men greatly outnumber women and are also more valued and better paid than the female athletes. Playing sports is extremely beneficial to human development in terms of the physical, psychological and social aspects (such as learning and passing along values, team work, respect, self-esteem, self--concept). When prevented from participating in sports, female athletes are being put in an inferior position to their male colleagues. This article provides a brief analysis of the scientific and social justifications that were used as obstacles to women's access in Western Society sporting practices. There is also reflection on how the very development of this concept may influence changes in this area. These views on the Psychology and the Sociology of sports are based on a feminist assumption that aims to question gender discrimination in sports practices.
El aumento de la práctica de deportes por parte de las mujeres en la sociedad occidental actual es un hecho de innegable importancia. Sin embargo, los deportes y las prácticas deportivas todavía son un ámbito en el que los hombres no sólo están en mayor número como siguen siendo más valorados y mejor remunerados que las atletas. Practicar deportes trae innumerables beneficios para el desarrollo integral del ser humano, de los cuales se pueden destacar los físicos, psicológicos y sociales (transmisión de valores, trabajo en equipo, respeto, autoestima, autoconcepto), así que cuando se impide o dificulta el acceso de la mujer al ámbito deportivo, lo que se está imponiendo es una posición de inferioridad en relación con el hombre. En este artículo, haremos un breve análisis de las justificaciones científicas y sociales que se utilizaron para dificultar el acceso de las mujeres a las prácticas deportivas en la sociedad occidental por razones de género, así como reflexionar sobre cómo el propio desarrollo de ese concepto puede influir en la transformación de esa condición. Estas reflexiones se inscriben en el campo de la Psicología y de la Sociología del deporte con enfoque feminista que tiene como objetivo cuestionar la discriminación de género en las prácticas deportivas.