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AIM: To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on periodontitis (PD) progression and behavioural outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: non-trained (NT); non-trained with PD; HIIT with PD; and HIIT. The HIIT protocol, involving daily treadmill sessions, spanned 8 weeks, with PD induced by ligature after the 6th week. Behavioural tests were conducted to assess anxiety and memory. Post euthanasia, we evaluated the systemic inflammatory profile and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus and amygdala. A morphological evaluation and elemental composition analysis of the mandibular alveolar bone were performed. RESULTS: PD exacerbated alveolar bone level, bone surface damage and alterations in calcium and phosphorus percentages on the bone surface (p < .05), while HIIT attenuated these changes (p < .05). HIIT improved systemic inflammatory markers altered by PD (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-10, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios, p < .05). PD animals exhibited lower total antioxidant capacity and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively (p < .05). HIIT maintained these parameters at levels similar to those in NT animals. HIIT improved anxiety and memory outcomes altered by PD (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: HIIT attenuates systemic inflammation, anxiety and memory outcomes promoted by PD.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin action is impaired, and an acute bout of strength exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. Current guidelines for strength exercise prescription suggest that 8 to 30 sets could be performed, although it is not known how variations in exercise volume impact insulin sensitivity. Additionally, this means an almost 4-fold difference in time commitment, which might directly impact an individual's motivation and perceived capacity to exercise. This study will assess the acute effects of high- and low-volume strength exercise sessions on insulin sensitivity. After being thoroughly familiarized, 14 obese individuals of both sexes (>40 year old) will undergo 3 random experimental sessions, with a minimum 4-day washout period between them: a high-volume session (7 exercises, 3 sets per exercise, 21 total sets); a low-volume session (7 exercises, 1 set per exercise, 7 total sets); and a control session, where no exercise will be performed. Psychological assessments (feeling, enjoyment, and self-efficacy) will be performed after the sessions. All sessions will be held at night, and the next morning, an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed in a local laboratory, from which indexes of insulin sensitivity will be derived. We believe this study will aid in strength exercise prescription for individuals who claim not to have time to exercise or who perceive high-volume strength exercise intimidating to adhere to. This trial was prospectively registered (ReBEC #RBR-3vj5dc5 https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3vj5dc5).

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential for maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity. However, only a few studies have explored the role of BCAA in the modulation of intestinal inflammation. In this study, we investigated in vitro effects of BCAA on the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL) in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were assigned to six groups: control without BCAA (CTL0), normal BCAA (CTL; 0.8 mM leucine, 0.8 mM isoleucine, and 0.8 mM valine); leucine (LEU; 2 mM leucine), isoleucine (ISO; 2 mM isoleucine), valine (VAL; 2 mM valine), and high BCAA (LIV; 2 mM leucine, 2 mM isoleucine, and 2 mM valine). BCAA was added to the culture medium 24 h before LPS stimulation. Our results indicated that BCAA supplementation did not impair cell viability. The amino acids leucine and isoleucine attenuated the synthesis of IL-8 and JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation induced by LPS. Furthermore, neither BCAA supplementation nor LPS treatment modulated the activity of glutathione peroxidase or the intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Therefore, leucine and isoleucine exert anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS by modulating JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation and IL-8 production. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these findings and gather valuable information for potential therapeutic or dietary interventions.

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Despite the undeniable effect of vaccination against COVID-19 in reducing disease severity, there is still a need to monitor and limit SARS-CoV-2 circulation and transmission. Thus, this study evaluated the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome on the surfaces of highly touched objects manipulated in the biological sample collection point and at the reception unit of the diagnostic laboratory. Surfaces were sampled once a week, for 6 weeks, between September 18th and October 23rd, 2020. RT-qPCR was used for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The coolers for biological sample transportation and the envelope containing the patient form were the objects with the highest occurrence of viral genome detection, although it was detected in each object in only two of the 6 evaluations. And the SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected just once on the vehicle steering wheel, computer keyboard, bathroom door handle and disinfection bench. The virus genome was not detected in any object on three of the six evaluations. And eight was the largest number of surfaces contaminated by the virus genome on one occasion. The reduced incidence of object contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 genome can be explained by the exposure of the objects to environmental conditions and the adoption of virus-spread containment measures. It can also reflect the low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 during the study's development period. Despite the low frequency of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection, our findings show that the virus was present in the environment at some point. This highlights the importance of adopting personal preventive measures to reduce respiratory virus spread, especially during epidemics and outbreaks.

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We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a ∼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, ∼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and ∼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.

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Creating a writing club allowed a Brazilian PhD student to confront her fears, improve her English and, ultimately, change the way she sees research.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

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Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that infect millions of individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Americas, arboviruses represent a major public health problem, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and pregnant women. In this study, the seroprevalence of IgM or IgG against these arboviruses in pregnant, young women in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the influence of sociodemographic factors on the incidence/prevalence of infection in this group were investigated. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on a total of 135 pregnant women for Dengue and Chikungunya IgM and 88 pregnant women for Zika IgG. Dengue IgM was found on the serum of twenty participants (14.8%) and only one woman (0.7%) tested positive for Chikungunya IgM. Zika IgG was found in three (3.4%) participants and 2 women who tested positive for Zika virus were also positive for Dengue virus IgM. Although the arboviruses seroprevalence was higher frequency among young (20-25 years old), brown and high school women, with a monthly income of 1-3 minimum wages, no association between these sociodemographic factors and arboviruses seroprevalence was found.

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Introduction: Dentures, occlusal splints, surgical guides and orthodontic appliances are examples of acrylic resin devices made in dental laboratories, which must be disinfected and even sterilized before insertion into the oral cavity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applied to acrylic resin specimens received from different laboratories. Methods: Three hundred standardized specimens were ordered from six randomly selected laboratories registered in the Council of Dentistry of Ceará (n=50). The PDT consisted in the association of 22 µM erythrosine, as a photosensitizer (P), and a 520-nm LED at 38 J/cm2 (L). The specimens of each laboratory were randomly distributed into five groups: positive control, sterilized with ethylene oxide; negative control, untreated (P-L-); erythrosine control, only stained (P+L-); LED control, only irradiated (P-L+); PDT (P+L+). Then, the specimens were individually sonicated in saline solution; the suspension was diluted, plated on culture mediums (blood agar, sabouraud dextrose agar and a non-selective chromogenic agar), and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Colony-forming-unit (CFU) counts were done and statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn were carried out. Results: The specimens from all laboratories were contaminated with bacteria and yeasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. were identified. The PDT significantly reduced CFU counts (P<0.0001), compared to P-L-. Conclusion: PDT was able to effectively decontaminate the acrylic resin specimens provided from dental laboratories.

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Dengue and obesity are currently highly prevalent conditions worldwide and the association between these two conditions may result in greater risk for DENV infection and disease severity. In this study the association between obesity and recent, inapparent dengue was investigated. Serum DENV IgM and NS1 were evaluated in 49 adult volunteers (15 lean and 34 individuals with obesity, according to body mass index), between September 2017 and June 2018. Adiposity, endocrine, metabolic, and immune data of the participants were also obtained. None of the study participants tested positive for the DENV NS1 antigen. DENV IgM was detected in 33.3% of the lean individuals, and in 44.1% of those with obesity; the presence of DENV IgM was not associated with body mass index (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.59-2.98, p = 0.48). However, body fat index was higher in obese individuals who had recent inapparent dengue (14.7 ± 3.1 versus 12.7 ± 2.1 kg/m2, p = 0.04), as was the expression of CD11b by classical (CD14++CD16-) monocytes (1103.0 ± 311.3 versus 720.3 ± 281.1 mean fluoresce intensity). Our findings suggest an association between adiposity and recent inapparent dengue and the involvement of classical monocytes in this association.

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Introdução: A inflamação é um fator presente na fisiopatologia de doenças, e, o intestino, órgão susceptível a disfunções e à disbiose, que está em constante exposição a microrganismos, pode estar associado a este processo. Por outro lado, aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (ACR) podem apresentar efeitos anti-inflamatórios em linhagem celular intestinal. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da suplementação de ACR, in vitro, na modulação da resposta inflamatória e do estresse oxidativo induzida por LPS em modelo de células intestinais Caco-2. Métodos: As culturas de células foram distribuídas em seis grupos, sendo: dois grupos controle - controle com meio Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium sem ACR (CTL0) e com ACR (CTL) - e quatro grupos suplementados - grupo leucina (LEU), grupo isoleucina (ISO), grupo valina (VAL) e associação de ACR (LIV). Foi adotado um protocolo de pré-tratamento, com os ACR e o LPS. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de redução do MTT (brometo de [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2yl 2,5-difenil tetrazolium]). A análise de proteínas (mTOR, AKT, AMPK, NF-kB, TAK-1 e JNK) foi feita por Western Blotting. A dosagem de citocina IL-8 no sobrenadante de cultura celular foi realizada por meio do kit Multiplex para imunoensaio. Foram avaliados componentes do sistema antioxidante relacionado à glutationa (GSH, GSSG e GPx) por meio de kit comercial. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± erro padrão. Resultados: No teste de viabilidade celular por MTT, verificou-se que os grupos tratados com ACR e LPS não apresentaram comprometimento da viabilidade celular em relação ao grupo CTL sem LPS. Os grupos CTL0, CTL, VAL e LIV, quando estimulados com LPS, apresentaram maior capacidade de síntese, in vitro, de IL-8, bem como maior fosforilação das proteínas JNK e NF-kB em relação aos seus respectivos grupos sem LPS. A suplementação. Todavia, as células estimuladas com LPS e suplementadas com leucina e isoleucina apresentaram capacidade de síntese, in vitro, de IL-8 e fosforilação das proteínas JNK e NF-kB que não diferiram significativamente das células suplementadas com esses aminoácidos e não estimuladas com LPS. A ausência de ACR (grupo CTL0) e a suplementação desses aminoácidos, in vitro, em células intestinais Caco-2, tratadas com ou sem LPS, não induziram alteração da atividade da enzima GPx e da razão intracelular GSH/GSSG. Conclusões: Os aminoácidos leucina e isoleucina apresentaram potencial efeito anti-inflamatório nas células Caco-2 por meio da modulação da fosforilação das proteínas JNK e NF-kB, cujo fato está associado à modulação da síntese, in vitro, de IL-8, a qual está envolvida na resposta inflamatória no intestino.

Introduction: Inflammation is a factor present in the pathophysiology of diseases, and the intestine, an organ susceptible to dysfunction and dysbiosis, which is constantly exposed to microorganisms, may be associated with this process. On the other hand, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may have anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal cell lines. Objective: To investigate the effects of ACR supplementation, in vitro, on the modulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by LPS in a model of intestinal Caco-2 cells. Methods: The cell cultures were divided into six groups, as follows: two control groups - control with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium without ACR (CTL0) and with ACR (CTL) - and four supplemented groups - leucine group (LEU), isoleucine group (ISO), valine group (VAL) and ACR association (LIV). A pre-treatment protocol was adopted, with ACR and LPS. Cell viability was assessed by MTT reduction assay ([3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium] bromide)) Protein analysis (mTOR, AKT, AMPK, NF-kB, TAK -1 and JNK) was performed by Western Blotting. The dosage of cytokine IL-8 in the cell culture supernatant was performed using the Multiplex kit for immunoassay. Components of the antioxidant system related to glutathione (GSH, GSSG, and GPx) were evaluated by commercial kit. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error. Results: In the cell viability test by MTT, it was verified that the groups treated with ACR and LPS did not show impairment of cell viability compared to the CTL group without LPS. The CTL0, CTL, VAL, and LIV groups, when stimulated with LPS, showed a greater capacity for in vitro synthesis of IL-8, as well as greater phosphorylation of JNK and NF-kB proteins in relation to their respective groups without LPS. However, cells stimulated with LPS and supplemented with leucine and isoleucine showed in vitro synthesis capacity of IL-8 and phosphorylation of JNK and NF-kB proteins that did not differ significantly from cells supplemented with these amino acids and not stimulated with LPS. The absence of ACR (CTL0 group) and the supplementation of these amino acids, in vitro, in intestinal Caco-2 cells, treated with or without LPS, did not induce changes in the activity of the GPx enzyme and the intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio. Conclusions: The amino acids leucine and isoleucine had a potential anti-inflammatory effect on Caco-2 cells by modulating the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-kB proteins, which fact is associated with the modulation of the in vitro synthesis of IL-8, which is involved in the inflammatory response in the gut.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.867362.].

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of different water immersion temperatures on the kinetics of blood markers of skeletal muscle damage and the main leukocyte subpopulations. Methods: Eleven recreationally trained young men participated in four experimental sessions consisting of unilateral eccentric knee flexion and 90 min of treadmill running at 70% of peak oxygen uptake, followed by 15 min of water immersion recovery at 15, 28 or 38°C. In the control condition participants remained seated at room temperature. Four hours after exercise recovery, participants completed a performance test. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise, after immersion, immediately before and after the performance test and 24 h after exercise. The number of leukocyte populations and the percentage of lymphocyte and monocytes subsets, as well as the serum activity of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined. Results: Leukocytosis and increase in blood markers of skeletal muscle damage were observed after the exercise. Magnitude effect analysis indicated that post-exercise hot-water immersion likely reduced the exercise-induced lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Despite reduced monocyte count, recovery by 38°C immersion, as well as 28°C, likely increased the percentage of non-classical monocytes in the blood. The percentage of CD25+ cells in the CD4 T cell subpopulation was possibly lower after immersion in water at 28 and 15°C. No effect of recovery by water immersion was observed for serum levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase. Conclusions: Recovery by hot-water immersion likely attenuated the leukocytosis and increased the mobilization of non-classical monocytes induced by a single session of exercise combining resistance and endurance exercises, despite no effect of water immersion on markers of skeletal muscle damage. The monocyte response mediated by hot water immersion may lead to the improvement of the inflammatory response evoked by exercise in the skeletal muscle.

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This study investigated the effect of sample storage duration on the quantification of oxidative stress markers in the gastrocnemius, heart, and brain of mice submitted to a maximum swimming exercise. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), protein carbonyl derivatives, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were quantified in fresh tissues and in samples stored at -80°C for 1, 3, or 6 months, from exercised (n = 13) and nonexercised mice (n = 13). Except for protein carbonyl derivatives in the heart, the exercise resulted in the modification of all markers in all fresh-evaluated samples (p < 0.001). The storage duration did not modify the effect of exercise on protein carbonyl derivatives and TAC. TBARS was stable for 3 months in the gastrocnemius and for 1 month in frozen heart and brain. Accordingly, the exercise effect on TBARS levels observed in fresh samples was absent in the gastrocnemius frozen for 6 months (p = 0.98) and in the heart and brain frozen for 3 months (p = 0.07 and 0.28, respectively) or more (p = 0.21 for heart and p > 0.99 for brain). In addition, CAT and SOD activities were reduced by storage duration in all tissues evaluated (p < 0.05). Our findings show that sample storage duration alters the quantification of oxidative stress markers in mice submitted to maximum exercise, and its effect is tissue and marker dependent. Some recommendations to achieve more accurate and reproducible data in the exercise physiology and oxidative stress markers field are presented.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the area covered by biofilm and identify bacteria and yeasts present in mandibular acrylic resin full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses. BACKGROUND: Biofilm control of implant-supported fixed prosthesis is hampered by their design, and it can cause oral and systemic problems, mainly in immunocompromised patients like the elder. Knowledge about microbiota reinforces the awareness about the need for periodic professional cleaning maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty prostheses were unscrewed, washed in 0.89% sodium chloride, stained with eosin 1% and photographed. The area covered by biofilm was digitally delimited and quantified. Biofilm samples were collected, diluted up to 1:107 , seeded in chromogenic agar media and incubated for 48 hours, at 37°C, for counting of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). DNA hybridization was performed to complement the identification and quantification of microorganisms. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation and Fisher's exact test (α = .05). RESULTS: An average of 62% of the gingival surface of the prostheses was covered by biofilm. Enterococcus spp. (5.82 ± 1.38 log10 CFU/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.75 ± 2.02 log10 CFU/mL) showed higher prevalence in cultures. Patients with five implants had less biofilm compared to those with four implants (P = .031) but had higher Escherichia coli counts (P = .039). In DNA hybridization, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium nucleatum presented higher quantification and were present in all the samples; patients over 65 years old contained more Candida tropicalis (P = .049); prostheses on five implants presented lower quantification for several species. CONCLUSION: Biofilm was present on all prostheses, containing potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The number of implants may play a role in quantification of biofilm and in microorganism counts.

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O artigo busca refletir sobre a realização do trabalho doméstico não remunerado por mulheres e homens na faixa etária de 25 a 49 anos, utilizando informações provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) de 2019. A análise dos dados se baseia na avaliação das taxas de realização de afazeres domésticos (TRAD) e de cuidados (TRCD) e dos tempos médio social (TMS) e participante (TMP). Os resultados apontam que o trabalho doméstico não remunerado permanece nos moldes de um modelo de divisão sexual do trabalho complementar e assimétrico. As taxas de realização de afazeres domésticos e de cuidados mostram participação expressiva dos homens, ainda que inferior à das mulheres, contudo, mais concentrados em atividades de suporte e de interações externas ao domicílio. Os diferenciais observados no tempo gasto em trabalho doméstico não remunerado revelam que essa participação masculina continua não se refletindo em redução dos tempos femininos com essas atividades, o que aponta a persistência das desigualdades de gênero no trabalho doméstico não remunerado nas idades de maior pressão pelas demandas da vida reprodutiva e produtiva.

The article seeks to reflect on the performance of unpaid domestic work by women and men in the age group 25-49, using information from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) for the year 2019. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the Rates of housework chores (TRAD), caregiving (TRCD), Social Mean Time (TMS) and Participant Time (TMP). Results show that unpaid domestic work remains along the lines of a complementary and asymmetrical model of the sexual division of labor. The rates for carrying out domestic chores and caregiving show significant participation of men, although lower than that of women; however, they are more concentrated in support activities and interactions outside the home. The differentials observed in the time spent on unpaid domestic work reveal that male participation is still not reflected in a reduction of the time women spent on these activities, pointing to the persistence of gender inequalities in unpaid domestic work at ages of greater pressure due to the demands of both reproductive and productive life.

El artículo busca reflexionar acerca de la realización del trabajo doméstico no remunerado de mujeres y hombres en la franja etaria de 25 a 49 años, utilizando información proveniente de la Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Continua (PNADC) de 2019. El análisis de los datos se basa en la evaluación de las tasas de realización de tareas domésticas (TRAD), de los cuidados (TRCD), de los tiempos medianos sociales (TMS) y participante (TMP). Los resultados indican que el servicio doméstico no remunerado permanece en los parámetros de un modelo de división sexual del trabajo complementario y asimétrico. Las TRAD y las TRCD muestran una participación expresiva de los hombres, aunque inferior a las de las mujeres, aunque más centrados en las actividades de soporte y de interacciones externas a la residencia. Los diferenciales observados en el tiempo consumido por el trabajo doméstico no remunerado revelan que esa participación masculina sigue sin influir en la reducción de los tiempos femeninos en esas actividades, y señalan la persistencia de las desigualdades de géneros en el servicio doméstico no pagado en las edades de mayores presiones sociales por las demandas de la vida reproductiva y productiva.

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This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and determine the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Thirty-two women with FMS were randomized into an intervention group (IG), receiving 6 weeks of WBVT, or a control group (CG) with no intervention. The outcomes at the baseline and follow-up in both groups included blood BDNF levels, sit-to-stand test (STS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). WBVT resulted in a group-by-time interaction effect. Thus, after the intervention time, the IG had increased blood BDNF levels (p=0.045), a higher number of repetitions on the STS test (p=0.011), and increased walking distance on the 6MWT (p=0.010), compared to CG. Moreover, there was a reduction in the scores of the FIQ (p=0.001), the PSQI (p=0.001), the BDI (p=0.017), and pain assessed using VAS (p=0.008) in IG. The results demonstrate that WBVT promotes an increase in blood BDNF levels, with concomitant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in women with FMS. This trial is registered with Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC; RBR-38nbbx) (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-38nbbx).

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BACKGROUND: Inflammation may be an important factor contributing to the progression of Eisenmenger syndrome (ES). The purpose of the current study was to: characterize the inflammatory profile in ES patients and compare measures to reference values for congenital heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH); and investigate whether inflammatory markers are associated with other clinical markers in ES. METHODS: Twenty-seven ES patients were prospectively selected and screened for systemic inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10. Clinical data and echocardiographic parameters were obtained, with concomitant analysis of ventricular function. Functional capacity was assessed using the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Renal function and blood homeostasis were evaluated by the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and plasma electrolytes. RESULTS: Patients with ES expressed higher IL-10, IL-1ß and TNF-α compared to reference values of patients with CHD-PAH. IL-10 was negatively associated with BUN (r = -0.39,p = 0.07), creatinine (r = -0.35, p = 0.002), sodium (r = -0.45, p = 0.03), and potassium (r = -0.68, p = 0.003). IL-10 was positively associated with bicarbonate (r = 0.45, p = 0.02) and trended toward a positive association with right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) (r = 0.35, p = 0.059). IL-1ß was negatively associated with potassium (r = -0.5, p = 0.01). TNF-α demonstrated positive association with creatinine (r = 0.4,p = 0.006), BUN (r = 0.63,p = 0.003), sodium (r = 0.44, p = 0.04), potassium (r = 0.41, p = 0.04), and was negatively associated with RVFAC (r = -0.38,p = 0.03) and 6MWT distance (r = -0.54, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: ES patients exhibit a more severe inflammatory profile compared to reference values for CHD-PAH. Furthermore, inflammatory markers are related to renal dysfunction, right ventricular impairment and poorer functional capacity.

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Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de alternativas didáticas, como a mídia audiovisual, na transmissão de informações sobre os efeitos adversos orais do tratamento oncológico em pacientes com câncer. Métodos: pacientes oncológicos foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo controle (n = 40) e grupo audiovisual (n = 36). O grupo controle recebeu informações verbais sobre os efeitos colaterais orais do tratamento do câncer. Por outro lado, o grupo audiovisual recebeu a mesma informação verbal, juntamente com uma apresentação ilustrativa de mídia audiovisual. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários sobre o assunto antes e após a intervenção da equipe odontológica. Resultados: o presente estudo empregou o teste exato de Fisher para análise estatística, e os resultados mostraram similaridade estatística entre os dois grupos (P > 0,05). Ambas as abordagens educacionais alcançaram o objetivo pretendido. Conclusão: um diálogo bem conduzido pode criar uma compreensão adequada entre pacientes com câncer, melhorando a sua adaptação. Opcionalmente, o uso de técnicas inovadoras, como recursos audiovisuais, pode ser uma alternativa acessível e eficiente, que também pode ser usada na educação desses pacientes. Dessa forma, vídeos educacionais podem ser usados para melhorar a compreensão dos pacientes, a adesão a esquemas terapêuticos e a qualidade de vida, além de contribuir para um melhor prognóstico.(AU)

Objective: the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of didactic alternatives, namely the audiovisual media, in conveying information regarding the oral adverse effects of oncology treatment in cancer patients. Methods: cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 40) and audiovisual group (n = 36). The control group received verbal information regarding the oral side effects of cancer treatment. Conversely, the audiovisual group received the same verbal information, along with an illustrative audiovisual media presentation. Additionally, questionnaires on the subject were administered before and after the intervention by the dental team. Results: the current study employed Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis, and the results showed statistical similarity between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both educational approaches achieved the intended objective. Conclusion: a well-conducted dialogue can create adequate awareness among cancer patients and improve adaptation. Optionally, the use of innovative techniques, such as audiovisual resources, was observed to be an accessible and efficient alternative that can also be used in patient education. Therefore, educational videos can be used to improve patients' understanding, adherence to therapeutic regimens, and quality of life and contribute to a better prognosis.(AU)

Assuntos