RESUMO
PURPOSE: Baseline LDH, derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are associated with outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). We hypothesized whether dynamic shifts in LDH, dNLR and incidence of irAEs may impact the prognosis of MM patients treated with anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 as single agents. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical charts from MM patients with prospective monitoring of dNLR, LDH values and irAE incidence. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Patients switching from either high dNLR (≥2.5) to low dNLR (HR: 0.14; 0.03-0.74; p = 0.02) or high LDH (≥1.5 × ULN) to low LDH levels (HR: 0.08; 0.01-0.68; p = 0.02) had significantly better OS than those with high dNLR or LDH scores at the end of cycle 2. Longer OS was also observed in patients developing irAEs ≥ grade 2 as compared to no irAEs (HR: 0.2; 0.05-0.89; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We found that major shifts in dNLR and LDH measures from baseline to cycle 2 measures and shifts from baseline to cycle 2 are significantly associated with OS in MM patients receiving single agent anti-PD1 therapy. Laboratory changes and clinical variables may help optimize prognostic estimates.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Imunoterapia , Lactato Desidrogenases/sangue , Linfócitos/citologia , Melanoma/mortalidade , Neutrófilos/citologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Ipilimumab/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Melanoma/sangue , Melanoma/secundário , Melanoma/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To determine Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in faeces from asymptomatic sheep, 37 family flocks in Mexico State were sampled. Data were collected by the interview method and Ziehl-Neelsen stain of faecal samples for Cryptosporidium identification. The independent group proportion hypothesis test was used for differences in prevalences between sheep farms. A 34.3% general prevalence was found, and prevalence in herds with >100 animals was significantly higher (40.6%). Correlation was found between flock size and Cryptosporidium spp. presence (odds ratio, OR, 2.57; confidence interval, IC(95%), 1.84-3.60).
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose/veterinária , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , OvinosAssuntos
Mercantilização , Produtos Agrícolas , Alimentos , Musa , Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/educação , Agricultura/história , Agricultura/legislação & jurisprudência , Região do Caribe/etnologia , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/história , Cuba/etnologia , Dieta/economia , Dieta/etnologia , Dieta/história , Dieta/psicologia , Alimentos/economia , Alimentos/história , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/história , Abastecimento de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIXRESUMO
Based on analysis of 309 transurethral [correction of transureteral] surgeries performed on patients with various diseases (prostatic adenoma, prostatic carcinoma, vesical tumors, urethral stenosis, cervical sclerosis) the authors scrutinized various complications: intraoperative (hemorrhages, vesical perforations) and postoperative ones. The most common postoperative complications were acute pyelonephritis, (5.82 per cent), dysuria (3.88), urethral stenosis (2.91 per cent). Immediate and long-term postsurgical hemorrhages were documented in 4.2 per cent and enuresis in 1.94 per cent of the patients. Certain prophylactic measures were considered. The duration of surgery was found to be correlated with the incidence of postoperative complications and it should not exceed 30-49 min. The mortality rate was 1.29 per cent.