RESUMO
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most worrisome infectious bacteria due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance against several antibiotics and the recalcitrance of its infections; hence, the development of novel antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is mandatory. In this work, silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using a leaf extract and fungi were tested against a battery of clinical strains from cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and burnt patients, some of them with multidrug resistance. Both nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial effect, causing severe damage to the cell wall, membrane and DNA, and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the nanoparticles derived from fungi showed synergistic antibacterial effects with the antibiotics meropenem and levofloxacin for some clinical strains and both kinds of nanoparticles were nontoxic for larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, encouraging further research for their implementation in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Infecções por Pseudomonas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Levofloxacino/farmacologia , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Meropeném/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Prata/farmacologiaRESUMO
The study of intestinal microbiota in vector insects like triatomines is paramount in parasitology because many parasitic species inhabit the vector's gut. Although knowledge on the gut microbiota in various vectors of the parasitic flagellate Trypanosoma cruzi has grown, research efforts have focused on South American triatomines. This study reports the isolation of bacterial microbiota in the anterior and posterior gut of Meccus pallidipennis (a triatomine species endemic to Mexico) by culture, as well as its identification by phenotypic and biochemical tests and its quantification by counting colony-forming units. The study was performed on fifth-instar nymph and adult specimens of M. pallidipennis, either laboratory-bred or collected in the field and either infected or not with T. cruzi. Overall, 17 bacterial species were identified, with the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus being the most prevalent regardless of the origin of the insects. No differences were observed in the number of bacterial species in the gut of laboratory-bred and field-collected insects, neither with respect to life stage or infection status. In general, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index was higher in non-infected insects than in infected ones. Further studies using non-culture methods are required to determine whether bacterial species diversity is modified by laboratory breeding.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Reduviidae , Triatoma , Triatominae , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Bactérias , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Insetos Vetores , MéxicoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Quorum quenching decreases Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors and biofilm formation, alleviating infections in animal models. Nevertheless, it is usually performed in laboratory strains such as PAO1 and PA14, and studies involving clinical or environmental isolates are scarce. In this work, the effects of ZnO nanoparticles, a potent quorum and virulence quencher for the PAO1 strain, were tested in six clinical strains from cystic fibrosis patients, a furanone C-30 resistant clinical strain from urine, two PA14 gallium resistant mutants, a PA14 C-30 resistant mutant and four environmental isolates. ZnO nanoparticles effectively decreased elastase, pyocyanin, and biofilm formation for most of the strains; regardless their origin or their resistance against the canonical quorum quencher C-30 or the novel antimicrobial gallium. The data indicate ZnO nanoparticles may have a broad spectrum for the quorum quenching of relevant strains and that may be an alternative to treat Ps. aeruginosa recalcitrant infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Virulence inhibition by quorum quenchers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually tested in laboratory strains and studies of their effects in relevant clinical and environmental strains are scarce. This study is significant as the effects of ZnO nanoparticles in QS-dependent virulence factor production were tested in six clinical strains from cystic fibrosis patients, a C-30 resistant clinical strain from urine, two PA14 gallium resistant mutants, a PA14 C-30 resistant mutant, and four environmental isolates. ZnO nanoparticles decreased elastase, pyocyanin, and biofilms for most of the strains; indicating they have broad spectrum and may be an alternative to treat Ps. aeruginosa infections.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Furanos , Gálio/farmacologia , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Elastase Pancreática/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Piocianina/metabolismo , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/biossínteseRESUMO
In order to estimate the frequency of G6PD deficiency in the icteric population of the Monterrey metropolitan área (MMA), in the state of Nuevo León, there were studied 829 newborn males were studied. It was found that 13 subjects were deficient of this enzyme, that is equivalent to a frequency of 1.57% and when this frequency was compared with the one that was found an a previous study in a random sample of newborn males (0.66%) no statistical difference was observed, but it was estimated that the icteric newborn males have a relative risk of 2.34 times higher than the population in general to be a G6PD deficient, and this fact suggests the necessity to establish this screening test as a routine for all icteric newborn males, in order to have an opportune detection and an appropriate counselling.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/epidemiologia , Icterícia Neonatal/etiologia , Adulto , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Feminino , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/sangue , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/classificação , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/complicações , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , RiscoAssuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , PrognósticoRESUMO
The present work includes six cases of congenital syphilis that were diagnosed radiologically before birth in patients with positive syphilitic reactions who had not been given treatment during gestation. The x-ray diagnosis was mainly based on lesions of diaphyses and metaphyses of the long bones of the fetal skeleton that were identified in lateral projection of x-ray plates of the maternal abdomen. In all cases reported, x-ray plates were taken in the immediate post-partum period with confirmation of the bony lesions and at the same time, of the laboratory tests including blood picture and liver function test in 5 cases. Autopsy was practiced in one case.