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The use of anesthetic agents in the management of fish in fish farming or ornamental fish breeding aims to minimize stress and promote animal welfare. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioral, electrocardiographic, and ventilatory characteristics of tambaquis exposed to anesthetic baths with etomidate. The study was conducted with juvenile tambaquis (27.38 ± 3.5g) n = 99, at etomidate concentrations of 2-4 mg.L -1, analyzing induction and anesthetic recovery behavior (experiment I), electrocardiogram (experiment II), and opercular movement (experiment III). Fish exposed to high concentrations of etomidate reached the stage of general anesthesia faster, however, the recovery time was longer, characterizing a dose-dependent relationship. Cardiorespiratory analyzes demonstrated a reduction in heart rate (69.19%) and respiratory rate (40.70%) depending on the concentration of etomidate used during anesthetic induction. During the recovery period, there was cardiorespiratory reversibility to normality. Therefore, etomidate proved to be safe as an anesthetic agent for this species at concentrations of 2 to 3 mg.L -1 for short-term anesthesia, but at higher doses the animals showed slow reversibility of anesthesia in a gradual manner and without excitability. The hemodynamic effect due to the rapid decrease in heart rate includes a negative factor of using higher concentrations of etomidate for Colossome macropomum anesthesia.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Etomidato , Frequência Cardíaca , Etomidato/farmacologia , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Anestesia/métodos , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Eletrofisiológicos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) detection in self-collected urine samples (SeCUS) may be a promising alternative for cervical cancer screening because of its greater acceptability, as long as it can offer comparable sensitivity to clinician-collected cervical samples (CCoS) for detecting precancer lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the SeCUS compared to that of the CCoS for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) detection among hrHPV-positive women receiving colposcopy in Mexico City using different specific extended HPV typing procedures: HPV16/18, HPV16/18/35/39/68 or HPV16/18/35/39/68/31. METHODS: From March 2017 to August 2018, 4,158 female users of the cervical cancer screening program at Tlalpan Sanitary Jurisdiction in Mexico City were invited to participate in the FRIDA-Tlalpan study. All participants provided ≥ 30 mL of SeCUS, and then a CCoS was obtained with Cervex-Brush®, which was used for hrHPV typing. Participants who tested positive for hrHPV in CCoS were referred for colposcopy for diagnostic confirmation, and all SeCUS of these women were also tested for hrHPV typing. RESULTS: In total, 561 hrHPV-positive women were identified by CCoS via colposcopy, and 82.2% of the SeCUS of these women were also hrHPV positive. From both CCoS and SeCUS, 7 cases of CIN3 were detected. Considering HPV16/18 typing, CCoS and SeCUS detected 4 cases of CIN3, but after HPV16/18/35/39/68/31 extension typing, both CCoS and SeCUS detected all 7 of the CIN3 cases among the hrHPV-positive women. CONCLUSIONS: Using extended hrHPV typing based on HPV16/18/35/39/68/31, our results suggest that the performance of SeCUS may be equivalent to that of CCoS for detecting CIN3 lesions. Although our results are inconclusive, they support the hypothesis that SeCUS may be an attractive alternative worthy of further research.
Assuntos
Colposcopia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/urina , México/epidemiologia , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/urina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/urina , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/virologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/urina , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet may influence this association. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and dietary patterns using a proinflammatory index. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with school-aged children. We quantified the relative abundance (RA) of A. muciniphila in feces using a polymerase chain reaction. We collected dietary information through employing a food frequency questionnaire and generated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. We generated a proinflammatory index from serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin validated by receptor operating characteristic curves. We evaluated the association between A. muciniphila and the proinflammatory index using logistic regression, including an interaction term with dietary patterns. RESULTS: We found that children with a low RA of A. muciniphila and a high intake of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats had increased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. However, when the consumption of this dietary pattern is low, children with a low RA of A. muciniphila had decreased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the simultaneous presence of A. muciniphila and diet have a more significant impact on the presence of being high on the proinflammatory index compared to both factors separately.
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INTRODUCTION: Health literacy integrates skills around health care. The measurement of health literacy is relevant for proposing improvement interventions. The European HLS-EU-Q16 scale allows to comprehensively evaluate health literacy, but its psychometric properties have not been assessed in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To validate the HLS-EU-Q16 scale in patients with hypertension in Mexico. METHODS: A validation study of a measuring instrument was carried out. The construct was evaluated by means of factor analysis; internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha; and test-retest reliability, using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The information was collected by interviewing 349 patients with hypertension in a family medicine unit of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, from April to June 2022. RESULTS: In 23.8% of the patients, health literacy was inadequate; in 44.4%, problematic; and in 31.8%, sufficient. The scale was found to retain 12 items and two factors (HLS-EU-Q12M). Cronbach's alpha was 0.83, and ICC was 0.94. CONCLUSION: The HLS-EU-Q12M scale in Mexican Spanish is a valid instrument for assessing health literacy in adults with hypertension.
ANTECEDENTES: La alfabetización en salud integra las habilidades en torno al cuidado de la salud. La medición de la alfabetización en salud es relevante para proponer intervenciones de mejora. La escala europea HLS-EU-Q16 permite evaluar la alfabetización en salud de forma integral, pero sus propiedades psicométricas no se han evaluado en México. OBJETIVO: Validar la escala HLS-EU-Q16 en pacientes con hipertensión en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio de validación de un instrumento de medición. El constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial, la consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach y la confiabilidad prueba-reprueba mediante coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). La información fue recolectada mediante entrevistas a 349 pacientes con hipertensión en una unidad de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, de abril a junio de 2022. RESULTADOS: El 23.8 % de los pacientes tuvo una alfabetización en salud inadecuada; 44.4 %, problemática; y 31.8 %, suficiente. Se encontró que la escala está conformada por 12 reactivos y dos factores (HLS-EU-Q12M). El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.83 y el CCI, de 0.94. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala HLS-EU-Q12M es un instrumento válido en español de México para evaluar la alfabetización en salud en adultos con hipertensión arterial.
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Hipertensão , Adulto , Humanos , México , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , PacientesRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: La alfabetización en salud integra las habilidades en torno al cuidado de salud. La medición de la alfabetización en salud es relevante para proponer intervenciones de mejora. La escala europea HLS-EU-Q16 permite evaluar la alfabetización en salud de forma integral, pero sus propiedades psicométricas no se han evaluado en México. Objetivo: Validar la escala HLS-EU-Q16 en pacientes con hipertensión en México. Material y métodos: Se realizó estudio de validación de un instrumento de medición. El constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial, la consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach y la confiabilidad prueba-reprueba mediante coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). La información fue recolectada mediante las entrevistas a 349 pacientes con hipertensión en una unidad de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, de abril a junio de 2022. Resultados: El 23.8 % de los pacientes tuvo una alfabetización en salud inadecuada; 44.4 %, problemática; y 31.8 %, suficiente. Se encontró que la escala está conformada por 12 reactivos y dos factores (HLS-EU-Q12M). El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.83 y el CCI, de 0.94. Conclusión: La escala HLS-EU-Q12M es un instrumento válido en español de México para evaluar la alfabetización en salud en adultos con hipertensión arterial.
Abstract Background: Health literacy integrates skills around health care. The measurement of health literacy is relevant for proposing improvement interventions. The European HLS-EU-Q16 scale allows to comprehensively evaluate health literacy, but its psychometric properties have not been assessed in Mexico. Objective: To validate the HLS-EU-Q16 scale in patients with hypertension in Mexico. Material and methods: A validation study of a measuring instrument was carried out. The construct was evaluated by means of factor analysis; internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha; and test-retest reliability, using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The information was collected by interviewing 349 patients with hypertension in a family medicine unit of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, from April to June 2022. Results: In 23.8% of the patients, health literacy was inadequate; in 44.4%, problematic; and in 31.8%, sufficient. The scale was found to retain 12 items and two factors (HLS-EU-Q12M). Cronbach's alpha was 0.83, and ICC was 0.94. Conclusion: The HLS-EU-Q12M scale in Mexican Spanish is a valid instrument for assessing health literacy in adults with hypertension.
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Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV-Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol-ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Timol , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Radicais Livres , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Timol/farmacologia , ZincoRESUMO
Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease mainly caused by the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis. Current treatment consists in the administration of ivermectin or, alternatively, albendazole (or analogues). Concerns regarding these drugs' irregular cure rates and side effects, raise a need for therapeutic alternatives. In this study, we tested the in vitro effect of Spondias mombin L. ethanolic extract against the laboratory model for strongyloidiasis, Strongyloides venezuelensis. The ethanolic extract was further fractionated and each fraction was also tested. Tested fractions were analyzed through thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography (GC/MS). Our results showed that S. mombin extract and fractions had a better in vitro effect than ivermectin, particularly fraction 4 which showed the better results causing 100% mortality in 4 h after exposure to an extract concentration of 400 µg/mL of RPMI medium and caused 100% mortality 12 h after exposure to an extract concentration of 50 µg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy showed that this fraction caused both wrinkling and peeling of the parasites cuticle, whilst ivermectin only caused wrinkling. GC/MS showed a high percentage of monoaromatic phenolic lipids (3-R phenol and 3-R1 phenol), which were likely responsible for the anti-Strongyloides effect. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone reduced the efficiency, thus raising a need for alertness when using this excipient. Our results suggest that S. mombin is a potential source of compounds that could be used for stongyloidiasis treatment.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae , Strongyloides stercoralis , Estrongiloidíase , Anacardiaceae/química , Animais , Humanos , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Estrongiloidíase/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Two pimaranes ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (1: ) and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol (2: ), isolated from Aldama arenaria, and six semi-synthetic derivatives methyl ester of the ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (3: ), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (4: ), acetate of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (5: ), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol succinic acid (6: ), acetate of ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol (7: ), ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol succinic acid (8: ) were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities to childhood leukemia cell lines and leishmanicidal activity against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. Among these compounds, 1: to 6: presented moderate cytotoxic activity, with compound 4: being the most active (GI50 of 2.6 µM for the HL60 line) and the derivatives 7: and 8: being inactive. Against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis, the most promising derivative was the acetate of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (5: ), with EC50 of 20.1 µM, selectivity index of 14.5, and significant reduction in the parasite load. Pimarane analogues 1: , ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid, and 2: , ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol, presented different activities, corroborating the application of such molecules as prototypes for the design of other derivatives that have greater cytotoxic or leishmanicidal potential.
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Abietanos , Asteraceae , Ácido Succínico , ÉsteresRESUMO
Introdução: A inserção da Fonoaudiologia na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil se fortaleceu com a criação dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), a partir de 2008. No entanto, os NASF, juntamente com a APS e o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), têm sido cada vez mais atacados pelo desfinanciamento causado pela conjuntura política atual. Faz-se necessário que os gestores em saúde reconheçam a necessidade de manter tal profissão nesse cenário e, para tanto, precisam conhecer as atividades desenvolvidas pelos fonoaudiólogos na APS. Objetivo: identificar as atividades profissionais do fonoaudiólogo na APS no Brasil. Método: Utilizou-se a e-Delphi para obter consenso, cujo critério foi 70%. Resultados: Participaram 45, 31 e 26 fonoaudiólogos da Saúde Coletiva (nas etapas 1, 2 e 3) e 28 fonoaudiólogos de outras áreas, na etapa 4. As atividades comuns incluíram: trabalho em equipe, atendimento compartilhado, educação permanente, referência/contrarreferência, elaboração de material educativo, vigilância em saúde, emissão de relatórios/pareceres e exercício da gestão. As atividades específicas abrangeram: apoio matricial em Fonoaudiologia, políticas de saúde e ordenamento das redes de atenção voltadas à saúde fonoaudiológica, promoção, prevenção, diagnóstico situacional, acolhimento, orientação e acompanhamento fonoaudiológico, construção e sistematização de dados epidemiológicos, promoção de ambientes saudáveis à comunicação humana, orientações quanto ao escopo da Fonoaudiologia, atendimento individual, coletivo e domiciliar, ações voltadas a grupos populacionais específicos, triagens e gerenciamento fonoaudiológico. Conclusão: As atividades apontadas no estudo encontram-se em consonância com a literatura e tangenciam os atributos da APS.
Introduction: The insertion of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil took place more strongly with the creation of the Family Health Support Centers (NASF), starting in 2008. However, the NASF, together with the PHC and the Unified Health System (SUS), has been increasingly attacked by the shortfall caused by the current political situation. It is necessary that health managers recognize the importance of maintaining this profession in this scenario and, therefore, they need to know the activities developed by speech therapists in PHC. Objective: Identify the professional activities of the speech therapists/audiologists in PHC in Brazil. Methods: E-Delphi was used to obtain consensus, whose criterion was 70%. Results: 45, 31 and 26 public health speech therapists participated (in stages 1, 2 and 3) and 28 speech therapists/audiologists from other areas in stage 4. Common activities included: teamwork, shared care, continuing education, referral / counter-reference, elaboration of educational material, health surveillance, reporting / advice and management exercise. The specific activities included: matrix support in speech therapy, health policies and planning of care networks focused on speech health, promotion, prevention, situational diagnosis, reception, guidance and follow-up speech therapy, construction and systematization of epidemiological data, promotion of healthy environments to human communication, guidance on the scope of speech therapy, individual, collective and home care, actions aimed at specific population groups, screening and speech management. Conclusion: The activities pointed out in the study are in line with the literature and touch the attributes of PHC.
Introduccion: La inserción de la Logopedia en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en Brasil se produjo con mayor fuerza con la creación de los Centros de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia (NASF), a partir de 2008. Sin embargo, la NASF, junto con la APS y el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), ha sido cada vez más atacado por el déficit provocado por la actual situación política. Es necesario que los gestores de salud reconozcan la importancia de mantener esta profesión en este escenario y, por tanto, necesitan conocer las actividades que desarrollan los logopedas en la APS. Objetivo: Identificar las actividades profesionales del logopeda en la APS en Brasil. Metodos: Para obtener el consenso se utilizó E-Delphi, cuyo criterio fue del 70%. Resultados: Participaron 45, 31 y 26 logopedas de salud pública (en las etapas 1, 2 y 3) y 28 logopedas de otras áreas en la etapa 4. Las actividades comunes incluyeron: trabajo en equipo, atención compartida, educación continua, referencia / contra-referencia, preparación de material educativo, vigilancia de la salud, informes/asesoramiento y ejercicio de gestión. Las actividades específicas incluyeron: apoyo matricial en terapia del habla, políticas de salud y planificación de redes de atención enfocadas en la salud del habla, promoción, prevención, diagnóstico situacional, recepción, orientación y seguimiento de la terapia del habla, construcción y sistematización de datos epidemiológicos, promoción de ambientes saludables para comunicación humana, orientación sobre el alcance de la terapia del habla, atención individual, colectiva y domiciliaria, acciones dirigidas a grupos de población específicos, detección y manejo del habla. Conclusión: Las actividades señaladas en el estudio están en línea con la literatura y tocan los atributos de la APS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Prática Profissional , Fonoaudiologia , Sistema Único de Saúde , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the ethanolic extract (EEMz), fractions (LPFMz and HPFMz) and compounds isolated from the leaves of Manilkara zapota L. P. Royen. METHODS: Extract and fractions were produced by turbolization. LPFMz fraction was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds from HPFMz were purified by flash and preparative chromatographic methods, and chemically characterised by UPLC-ESITOFMS, optical rotation, and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR techniques. Anthelmintic against Strongyloides venezuelensis and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: EEMz showed mainly phenolic compounds and pentacyclic triterpenes from Δ12-oleane/Δ12-ursane series. Chlorogenic acid, myricetin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, mearnsitrin, germanicol and germanicol acetate were reported to M. zapota leaves for the first time in this work. EEMz, HPFMz, LPFMz showed significative activity against C. albicans (16 µg/mL), while isolated flavonoids were active against S. aureus (<32 µg/mL). EEMz, phenolic-rich compounds (F2), and chlorogenic acid were potentially active against S. venezuelensis at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: M. zapota and its bioactive compound can be eligible such as a potential phytomedicine for the treatment of microbial and strongyloidiasis drug-resistant infections.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Manilkara/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Masculino , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Strongyloides/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected parasitic infections of the world and current therapeutic options show several limitations. In the search for more effective drugs, plant compounds represent a powerful natural source. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Artemisia annua L. leaves, from which dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) and artesunic acid (AA)/artesunate are examples of active derivatives. These lactones have been applied successfully on malaria therapy for decades. Herein, we investigated the sensitivity of Leishmania braziliensis, one of the most prevalent Leishmania species that cause cutaneous manifestations in the New World, to artemisinin, DQHS, and AA. L. braziliensis promastigotes and the stage that is targeted for therapy, intracelular amastigotes, were more sensitive to DQHS, showing EC50 of 62.3 ± 1.8 and 8.9 ± 0.9 µM, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays showed that 50% of bone marrow-derived macrophages cultures were inhibited with 292.8 ± 3.8 µM of artemisinin, 236.2 ± 4.0 µM of DQHS, and 396.8 ± 6.7 µM of AA. The control of intracellular infection may not be essentially attributed to the production of nitric oxide. However, direct effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics and H2O2 production appear to be associated with the leishmanicidal effect of DQHS. Our data provide support for further studies of artemisinin and derivatives repositioning for experimental leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Artemisininas/farmacologia , Leishmania braziliensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/parasitologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Succinatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
El extracto de cloroformo (CE) y las fracciones obtenidas de las raíces de Aldama arenaria se evaluaron para determinar su actividad antiproliferativa in vitro contra 10 líneas celulares tumorales humanas [leucemia (K-562), mama (MCF-7), ovario que expresa un fenotipo resistente a múltiples fármacos (NCI/ADR-RES), melanoma (UACC-62), pulmón (NCI-H460), próstata (PC-3), colon (HT29), ovario (OVCAR-3), glioma (U251) y riñón (786-0)]. CE presentó actividad antiproliferativa débil a moderada (log GI50 medio 1.07), mientras que las fracciones 3 y 4, enriquecidas con diterpenos de tipo pimarane [ent-pimara-8 (14), ácido 15-dien-19-oico y ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol], presentaron actividad moderada a potente para la mayoría de las líneas celulares, con un log GI50 medio de 0.62 y 0.59, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una acción antiproliferativa in vitro prometedora de las muestras obtenidas de A. arenaria, con los mejores resultados para NCI/ADR-RES, HT29 y OVCAR-3, y valores de TGI que van desde 5.95 a 28.71 µg.mL-1, demostrando que los compuestos de esta clase pueden ser prototipos potenciales para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes terapéuticos.
Chloroform extract (CE) and fractions obtained from Aldama arenaria roots were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against 10 human tumor cell lines [leukemia (K-562), breast (MCF-7), ovary expressing a multidrug-resistant phenotype (NCI/ADR-RES), melanoma (UACC-62), lung (NCI-H460), prostate (PC-3), colon (HT29), ovary (OVCAR-3), glioma (U251), and kidney (786-0)]. CE presented weak to moderate antiproliferative activity (mean log GI50 1.07), whereas fractions 3 and 4, enriched with pimarane-type diterpenes [ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol], presented moderate to potent activity for most cell lines, with mean log GI50 of 0.62 and 0.59, respectively. The results showed promising in vitro antiproliferative action of the samples obtained from A. arenaria, with the best results for NCI/ADR-RES, HT29, and OVCAR-3, and TGI values ranging from 5.95 to 28.71 µg.mL-1, demonstrating that compounds of this class may be potential prototypes for the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
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Humanos , Arenaria/química , Antineoplásicos , Plantas Medicinais , Técnicas In Vitro , Brasil , Extratos Vegetais , Cromatografia , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
Endophytes are considered one of the most important microbial resources for obtaining biomolecules of therapeutic use. Passiflora incarnata, widely employed by the pharmaceutical industry, shows therapeutic effects on anxiety, nervousness, constipation, dyspepsia and insomnia based on their antioxidant compounds. In this study, from 315 endophytic fungi isolated from P. incarnata leaves, 60 were selected to determinate presence of chemical constituents related with antioxidant activity, based on their production of soluble pigments. The promising fungi were evaluated specifically on their potential to produce phenolic compounds, flavonoids and for antioxidant activity. Five isolates significantly produced flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-Butanol extracts, also saponins and high antioxidant activity against the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. A strain of Aspergillus nidulans var. dentatus (former Emericella dentata) was able to produce tannins as well; its butanolic extract was very similar than the BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (94.3% × 94.32%) and Rutin (95.8%) reference substances in the DPPH radical scavenging. Similarly, a Chaetomium strain exhibited 93.6% and 94.7% of antioxidant activity in their ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction from the Aspergillus strain revealed the production of orcinol (3.19%). Four-methoxymethylphenol (4.79%), sorbicillin (33.59%) and ergosterol (23.08%) was produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene were found in two Fusarium oxysporum strains. The phytochemical screening showed that all analyzed fungi were able to produce a kind of secondary metabolite (phenols, flavonoids, tannins and/or saponins). The study shows a great underexplored potential for industrial application of P. incarnata endophytes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/metabolismo , Passiflora/microbiologia , Fenóis/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/análise , Endófitos/classificação , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/análise , Fungos/classificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , TaninosRESUMO
Ten lignans (1: â-â10: ) were isolated from the hexane-ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Three of them, cubebin dimethyl ether (3: ), urinatetralin (4: ), and lintetralin (7: ) are described for the first time in this species, while phyllanthin (1: ), niranthin (2: ), 5-demethoxyniranthin (5: ), isolintetralin (6: ), hypophyllanthin (8: ), nirtetralin (9: ), and phyltetralin (10: ) have been already reported from P. amarus. Among the lignans tested against Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, 2: was the most active with an EC50 of 35.28 µM. Lignans 2, 5, 7: , and 9: showed inhibitory effects against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with EC50 of 56.34, 51.86, 23.57, and 43.27 µM, respectively. During in vitro infection assays, 5: reduced amastigotes by 91% at 103.68 µM concentration, whereas 7: and 9: reduced amastigotes by approximately 84% at 47.5 and 86.04 µM, respectively. Lignans 5, 7: , and 9: were more potent in intracellular amastigotes with EC50 of 2.76, 8.30, and 15.83 µM, respectively, than in promastigotes. CC50 for all samples was > 100 µg/mL, thus revealing low cytotoxicity against macrophages, and selectivity against the parasite. L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with compounds 2: and 9: showed decreased respiratory control of 38% and 25%, respectively, suggesting a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP production.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários , Leishmania mexicana , Lignanas , Phyllanthus , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Colleters are trichomes or emergencies that produce a sticky exudate consisting of a mixture of mucilage, lipids, terpenes, and phenolic compounds. Colleters occur in at least 60 families of angiosperms; however, reports of them are scarce for the Orchidaceae. Elleanthus brasiliensis is distinguished by the presence of an abundant gelatinous secretion that covers almost all of its inflorescences. We aimed to describe the histology of colleters in inflorescences of E. brasiliensis and Elleanthus crinipes, and to analyze the chemical composition of their secretion to better understand the functions of these secretory structures. Due to the low frequency of colleters and lack of visible secretion in E. crinipes, histochemical tests and chemical analyses were not performed for this species. Colleters are of a brush type and their secretion has, at the same time, hydrophilic and lipophilic components. Histochemical tests further revealed the presence of pectin, mucilage, lipids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and proteins. The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of γ-sitosterol and palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids in the secretion of E. brasiliensis. Infrared analysis indicated the possible presence of polysaccharides in the secretion. The occurrence of colleters in both species studied and in other orchids described in the literature suggests that these structures are common in the inflorescences of tropical orchids. In these environments, the hydrated polysaccharides in the secretion form a dense matrix that can act as a physical barrier, and terpenes may help to protect against herbivores and pathogenic microorganisms. This information broadens our knowledge of the morphological and chemical diversity of the secretions produced by orchid colleters.
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Schistosomiasis is a tropical neglected disease whose socioeconomic impact is surpassed only by malaria. Until recently, praziquantel (PZQ) has been the only available drug, raising concerns that tolerant/resistant strains may appear. Since the discovery of the schistosomicidal potential of artemisinin (ART), new derivatives have been produced and evaluated. In this work, we evaluated the activity of ART derivatives against Schistosoma mansoni, both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro assay, worm survival, oviposition, and morphological alterations were evaluated. Further analysis of morphological alterations and membrane integrity was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and a cell-permeable, benzimidazole dye (Hoescht 33258) that binds to the minor groove of double stranded DNA. For the in vivo assay, artesunic acid (AcART) and dihydroartemisinin acetate (AcDQHS) were selected, since they showed the best in vitro results. Infected mice treated 21, 45, or 60 days post-infection (dpi), with a concentration of 100 mg/kg of either AcART or AcDQHS, showed a significant worm reduction (particularly in females), fewer eggs eliminated in feces, and a decrease of immature eggs in the intestinal tissues. Our results indicate that AcART and AcDQHS have some schistosomicidal activity against juvenile and adult stages of S. mansoni.
Assuntos
Artemisininas/farmacologia , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquistossomicidas/farmacologia , Esquistossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Oviposição/efeitos dos fármacos , Schistosoma mansoni/ultraestrutura , Esquistossomose mansoni/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A educação das relações étnico-raciais e a história da cultura afro-brasileira, previstas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em Medicina como temas transversais, representam um desafio para o desenvolvimento curricular no contexto da social accountability, das metodologias de ensino e dos cenários de prática e integração à rede de serviços de saúde. OBJETIVOS: Identificar as necessidades relacionadas à saúde materna em população quilombola, valorizando os valores, conhecimentos, saberes e cultura local. Estabelecer uma estratégia de cuidado, com participação discente, que contemple as necessidades identificadas na comunidade quilombola. Descrever os conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessários ao desenvolvimento de competências culturais relacionadas à saúde materna das mulheres quilombolas. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa-ação para implantação de serviço de atenção interprofissional no pré-natal, com participação discente, tendo por base as necessidades da comunidade quilombola Capoeiras, em Macaíba (RN). Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática categorial, com categorias definidas a priori. RESULTADOS: A criação de vínculos (a)efetivos entre usuárias e equipe de saúde e a habilidade de reflexão com ênfase na comunicação se mostraram como principais necessidades para o comportamento culturalmente competente no cuidado à saúde materna quilombola. As oportunidades de o estudante de Medicina conhecer a situação de saúde da população quilombola e vivenciar o trabalho interprofissional se mostraram estratégias efetivas para potencializar o desenvolvimento de competências culturais na formação médica. CONCLUSÕES: A formação de profissionais da saúde hábeis em interagir eficazmente com populações etnicamente diversas requer que estes conheçam os processos que influenciam a saúde e cuidados de saúde das minorias populacionais, além de vivências relacionadas à diversidade cultural, inseridas nos currículos médicos.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Training in ethnic and race relations and the history of Afro-Brazilian culture, established in the National Curricular Directives for Undergraduate Medical Courses as a transversal theme, represents a challenge for developing curricula in terms of social accountability, teaching methodologies and work experience in practical settings with integration into the health service network. OBJECTIVE: To identify the maternal health care needs among the quilombola population, appreciating the local culture, values and knowledge. To set a care strategy with student participation which contemplates the identified needs in the quilombola community. To describe the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for the development of cultural competencies related to maternal health care of quilombola women. METHODS: Action research for the implantation of interprofessional prenatal care services with student participation, based on the needs of the quilombola community of Capoeiras, in Macaiba (RN). The information gathered was analyzed qualitatively by means of content analysis, with a priori definition of the thematic categories. RESULTS: The formation of affective bonds between users and the health team, and communication skills that help enable reflection were found as the main needs for culturally competent behavior in maternal care of the quilombola community. The medical students' opportunity to learn about the health of the quilombola people and to have an interprofessional work experience proved to be effective strategies to leverage the development of cultural skills in medical training. CONCLUSIONS: The training of health professionals capable of interacting effectively with ethnically diverse populations requires their understanding the processes that influence the health and healthcare of ethnic minorities, as well as experiences related to cultural diversity, included in medical curricula.
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Introdução: No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a implantação de novos modelos assistenciais, como a Estratégia Saúde da Família, vem demandando uma qualificação dos profissionais. Nessa direção, a Residência em Saúde constitui modalidade de ensino de pós-graduação lato sensu, caracterizada pela formação em serviço. Assim, no município de Sorocaba/SP, foram implantados Programas de Residência Médica e Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família. Objetivos: Identificar e analisar as percepções da primeira turma de residentes (2014-2016) a respeito de sua experiência nos Programas de Residência em Saúde da Família. Método: Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, com a técnica do grupo focal. Foram realizados grupos com residentes de Enfermagem, Medicina e Odontologia. O material foi analisado segundo os princípios da análise temática. Resultados: Foram obtidas quatro categorias: a) as várias mudanças de 2014; b) a preceptoria e a tutoria; c) a estruturação do programa; d) a percepção do aprendizado ao final da residência. Discussão: Os residentes consideraram que a experiência vivida foi interessante e proveitosa. Vários dos pontos críticos apontados por eles são semelhantes às experiências de implantação de residência em Saúde da Família de outros municípios. Conclusão: O estudo aponta um caminho possível para a formação dos profissionais de saúde para o SUS, especialmente para sua principal estratégia de organização da Atenção Básica, que é a Estratégia de Saúde da Família.(AU)
Introduction: In the Brazilian Unified Health System, the implementation of novel healthcare models, such as Family Health Strategy, demands training and qualification of new professionals. In this setting, Healthcare Residency constitutes a lato sensu graduation marked by in-service education. In the city of Sorocaba/ SP, Medical and Multi-professional Family Health Residency Programs were implemented. Objectives: To pinpoint and analyze the perceptions of the first class residents regarding their experience in these Programs. Method: A qualitative research approach, with the focal group technique was used. Groups with residents that made up the Family Health core team (Nursing, Medicine and Dentistry) were created. The material was analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis. Results: Four categories were obtained: a) the various changes in 2014; b) tutoring and mentoring; c) the structuring of the program; d) the learning perception at the end of the residency. Discussion: Residents have considered the experience they have been through to be very exciting and profitable. Several of the critical points raised by the residents are similar to implementation experiences of residency in Family Health in other cities. Conclusion: The study suggests a possible way to train healthcare professionals to the Unified Health System, especially for its main organization strategy of Basic Attention, which is the Family Health Strategy.(AU)
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Internato e Residência/organização & administração , Brasil , Programas Nacionais de SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT The Lauraceae family is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical climates, has more than 2500 species and in the taxonomic point of view, it is one of the most difficult families to identify species. The aim of this study was to analyze the leaf anatomy of three species of Lauraceae (Ocotea indecora (Schott) Mez, Nectandra barbellata Coe-Teix. and Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F.Macbr.) and identify the chemical profile of essential oil extracted from the leaves by hydrodistillation method. The leaves of the three species were obtained in "Parque Estadual Intervales", Atlantic Forest, São Paulo state, Brazil. Samples of leaves were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in synthetic resin and sectioned for mounting histological slides for anatomical description of leaf tissues. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation method from dried leaves was analyzed by gas chromatography to establish its chemical profile. The leaves are hypostomatic, the epidermis in E. paniculata and N. barbellata present regular cells walls and irregular cells walls in O. indecora in both sides of epidermis. The three species present a dorsiventral mesophyll. Histochemical analyses presented lipid substances in secretory cavity and cuticle; starch, phenolic compounds and mucilage were observed in parenchyma cells of midrib and mesophyll. Ultra structural analyses demonstrated that trichomes in the species E. paniculata and O. indecora are shown only on the abaxial leaf face and species N. barbellata presented trichomes on both sides of the epidermis (abaxial and adaxial). Ocotea indecora essential oil revealed as main compound the bicyclogermacrene and N. barbellata the δ-cadinene. The species showed different morphological characters and different compounds of the essential oil, being these data useful for the differentiation of the species.