RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a process that many tumors depend on for growth, development, and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the major players in tumor angiogenesis in several tumor types, including melanoma. VEGF inhibition is achieved by bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to VEGF and prevents its function. In order to successfully enable in vivo VEGF expression imaging in a murine melanoma model, we previously labeled bevacizumab with [99mTc]Tc. We observed that this was feasible, but it had prolonged blood circulation and delayed tumor uptake. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a radiolabeled Fab bevacizumab fragment, [99mTc]Tc-HYNICFab( bevacizumab), for non-invasive in vivo VEGF expression molecular imaging. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to examine VEGF presence in the murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10). Bevacizumab was digested with papain for six hours at 37°C to produce Fab(bevacizumab), which was then conjugated to NHS-HYNIC-Tfa for radiolabeling with [99mTc]Tc. Stability and binding affinity assays were also evaluated. Biodistribution and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) were performed at 1, 3, and 6 h (n = 4) after injection of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab) in normal and B16-F10 tumor-bearing C57Bl/6J mice. RESULTS: Using flow cytometry, it was shown that the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line has intracellular VEGF expression. Papain incubation resulted in the complete digestion of bevacizumab with good purity and homogeneity. The radiolabeling yield of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(bevacizumab) was 85.00 ± 6.06%, with a specific activity of 291.87 ± 18.84 MBq/mg (n=3), showing in vitro stability. Binding assays demonstrated significant intracellular in vitro VEGF expression. Fast blood clearance and high kidney and tumor uptake were observed in biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies. CONCLUSIONS: We present the development and evaluation of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Fab(bevacizumab), a novel molecular VEGF expression imaging agent that may be used for precision medicine in melanoma and potentially in other VEGF-expressing tumors.

RESUMO

Sugarcane production has been linked to the release of heavy metals and metalloids (HM/MTs) into the environment, raising concerns about potential health risks. This study aimed to assess the levels of 19 HM/MTs in children living near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. We investigated sex-related differences in these element levels and their correlations. A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 20 children in the latter part of 2023. Spearman correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationships between urinary HM/MT levels. Detectable levels of 17 out of the 19 HM/MTs were found across the entire study sample, with arsenic and copper detectable in 95% of the children. Titanium exhibited higher levels in boys compared to girls (p = 0.017). We identified 56 statistically significant correlations, with 51 of them being positive, while the remaining coefficients indicated negative relationships. This study characterized HM/MT levels in school-aged children residing near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. Further research employing larger sample sizes and longitudinal assessments would enhance our understanding of the dynamics and health impacts of HM/MT exposure in this vulnerable population.

RESUMO

Environmental exposure to heavy metals and metalloids, originating from sources such as mining and manufacturing activities, has been linked to adverse renal effects. This cross-sectional study assessed children's exposure to these elements and its association with urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). We analyzed data from 99 school-aged children residing in nine localities within the state of Colima, Mexico, during the latter half of 2023. Levels of 23 metals/metalloids and urinary KIM-1 were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Detectable levels of these contaminants were found in over 91% of participants, with varied exposure profiles observed across locations ( p = 0.019). After adjusting for confounding factors like gender, age, and locality, higher levels of six metals/metalloids (boron, cadmium, cesium, lithium, selenium, zinc) were significantly associated with increased KIM-1 levels. Tailored mitigation efforts are crucial to protect children from regional pollutant burdens. However, limitations exist, as our study did not capture all potential factors influencing heavy metal/metalloid and KIM-1 levels.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: A growing body of research points to a relationship between exposure to migration-related cultural stress and mental health problems. However, such research is often conducted with the tacit assumption that postmigration experiences are the primary-if not singular-driver of psychological distress. In the present study, we aim to extend the cultural-stress paradigm by examining the influences of both premigration crisis exposure and postmigration cultural stress on depression in a sample of Venezuelan crisis migrants in Colombia. METHOD: Survey data for the present study were collected from Venezuelan youth (N = 429, ages 12-17, Mage = 14.0 years, 49% female) and adults (N = 566, ages 18+, Mage = 35.1 years, 82% female) in Bogota and Medellin, Colombia between April and June 2023. RESULTS: Both crisis exposure and discrimination were independently related to depressive symptoms. However, when examined in a multivariate model along with discrimination, crisis exposure was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms among youth, and its influence weakened considerably among adults. Among both youth and adults, a Crisis Exposure × Discrimination interaction term significantly predicted depressive symptoms, indicating that discrimination was a more robust predictor of depressive symptoms among those endorsing lower levels of crisis exposure than among those reporting high levels of crisis exposure. CONCLUSION: Our research provides new insights into the experiences of Venezuelan migrant youth and adults in Colombia. It provides further support for the importance of drawing from a crisis-informed cultural-stress framework when working with crisis migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Hurricane María caused significant devastation on the island of Puerto Rico, impacting thousands of lives. Puerto Rican crisis migrant families faced stress related to displacement and relocation (cultural stress), often exhibited mental health symptoms, and experienced distress at the family level. Although cultural stress has been examined as an individual experience, little work has focused on the experience as a family. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study designed to examine the predictive effects of cultural stress on family conflict and its mental health implications among Puerto Rican Hurricane María parent and child dyads living on the U.S. mainland. In the quantitative phase of the study, 110 parent-child dyads completed an online survey assessing cultural stress, family dynamics, and mental health. As part of our primary analysis, we estimated a structural equation path model. Findings from the quantitative phase showed a significant positive relationship between family cultural stress and family conflict, as well as individual parent and child mental health symptoms. In the qualitative phase of the study, 35 parent-child dyads participated in individual interviews. Findings from the interviews revealed variations in difficulties related to language, discrimination, and financial burdens, with some participants adapting more quickly and experiencing fewer stressors. Findings also highlight the impact on mental health for both parents and youth, emphasizing the family-level nature of cultural stress, while noting a potential discrepancy between qualitative and quantitative findings in the discussion of family conflict.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Emerging research provides insights into migration-related cultural stress experiences and mental health among Venezuelan migrants; however, prior studies have not considered the critical distinction between online xenophobia and in-person discrimination. To address this gap, we assess the psychometric properties of an abbreviated version of the Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS) with Venezuelan migrant youth and examine the interplay between online xenophobia, in-person discrimination, and mental health. Survey data were collected from Venezuelan migrant youth (N = 319; ages 13-17, 49.5% female) in Colombia in April-July 2023. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the PORS, and multiple regression was conducted to examine key associations. The CFA showed excellent model fit: χ²(7) = 13.498, p = .061; comparative fit index = .989; Tucker-Lewis index = .977; root-mean-square error of approximation = .055; standardized root-mean-square residual = .026. Controlling for demographic factors, online xenophobia was associated with depressive symptoms (ß = .253, p < .001) and anxiety (ß = .200, p = .001). The online xenophobia-mental health association weakened when controlling for in-person discrimination but remained nevertheless significant (depression: ß = .181, p = .002, anxiety: ß = .135, p = .026). Interaction effects (Online × In-Person) revealed a pattern in which greater exposure to online xenophobia was associated with greater distress, but only at relatively low levels of in-person discrimination. Findings provide new insights regarding (a) the properties of an increasingly relevant measure of cultural stress, (b) how online xenophobia relates to mental health, and (c) the interplay of online and in-person cultural stressors vis-à-vis mental health among Venezuelan migrant youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

RESUMO

Aim: ChiTn, a mouse/human chimeric anti-Tn monoclonal antibody, was radiolabeled with iodine-131 (131I) and technetium-99m (99mTc) to assess its biodistribution and internalization in Tn-expressing (Tn+) and wild-type (Tn-) LL/2 lung cancer cells. Results: Selective accumulation and gradual internalization of ChiTn were observed in Tn+ cells. Biodistribution in mice with both Tn+ or Tn- lung tumors indicated that the uptake of radiolabeled ChiTn within tumors increased over time. Dual-labeling experiments with 99mTc and 131I showed different biodistribution patterns, with 99mTc exhibiting higher values in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, while 131I showed higher uptake in the thyroid and stomach. However, tumor uptake did not significantly differ between Tn+ and Tn- tumors. To improve tumor targeting, Losartan, an antihypertensive drug known to enhance tumor perfusion and drug delivery, was investigated. Biodistribution studies in Losartan-treated mice revealed significantly higher radiolabeled ChiTn uptake in Tn+ tumors. No significant changes were observed in the uptake of the control molecule IgG-HYNIC™99mTc. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the enhanced tumor targeting of radiolabeled ChiTn in Losartan-treated mice with Tn-expressing lung tumors. They highlight the potential of ChiTn as a theranostic agent for cancer treatment and emphasize the importance of Losartan as an adjunctive treatment to improve tumor perfusion and drug delivery.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Fluid status (FS) is a diagnostic challenge in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Here, we compared parameters related to FS derived from cumulative fluid balance (CFB), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and venous congestion assessed by ultrasound (VExUS) to predict mortality. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of individuals with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 between July and November 2021 in a single center. Comorbidities, demographic, clinical and laboratory data as well as results from CFB, BIA and VExUS measurements were collected on admission and weekly afterwards for two consecutive evaluations. Seventy-nine patients were included, of which eighteen (14.2%) died. Abnormalities of FS were only identified by BIA. Extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) > 0.394 (overhydrated) by BIA was a good predictor of mortality (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.067-0.89). Mortality risk was higher in overhydrated patients (OR: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.2-32.6, p = 0.02) and in persistently overhydrated patients (OR: 9.57, 95% CI: 1.18-77.5, p = 0.03) even after adjustment to age, serum albumin and acute kidney injury (AKI) in stages 2-3. Time to death was shorter in overhydrated patients (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.05-7.5, log-rank test p = 0.03). Abnormalities in FS associated with mortality were only identified by BIA in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

RESUMO

Abstract The goal of this work is to identify new fatty acid-mimetic 99mTc-complexes to be used as myocardial imaging agents that allow studying heart abnormalities in high-risk patients. In this sense, we designed a fatty acid-mimetic substructure including an amide moiety that, among other properties, could improve myocardial residence time. A diamide with a chain length of 15 atoms and porting a 6-hydrazinonicotinyl (HYNIC) chelator, and an analog with a short carbon-chain, were prepared with convergent organic synthetic procedures and radiolabeled with 99mTc using tricine as the sole coligand. The in vivo proofs of concept were performed using healthy mice. The new 99mTc-complexes were obtained with adequate radiochemical purity. The lipophilicities were in agreement with the length of the chains. While both 99mTc-complexes showed uptake in the myocardial muscle, the designed radiopharmaceutical with the longest chain length had preferential target-uptake and target-retention compared to other complexes described in the bibliography. Further studies, involving imaging assays, synthetic modifications, and assay of new coligands for 99mTc-HYNIC complexes, are currently ongoing.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: The asbestos industry began its operations in Colombia in 1942 with the establishment of an asbestos-cement facility in Sibaté, located in the Department of Cundinamarca. Despite extensive asbestos use and production in Colombia, the country lacks a reliable epidemiological surveillance system to monitor the health effects of asbestos exposure. The Colombian health information system, known as SISPRO, did not report mesothelioma cases diagnosed in the municipality, posing a significant challenge in understanding the health impacts of asbestos exposure on the population of Sibaté. Methods: To address this issue, an active surveillance strategy was implemented in Sibaté. This strategy involved conducting door-to-door health and socioeconomic structured interviews to identify Asbestos-Related Diseases (ARDs). Validation strategies included a thorough review of medical records by a panel of physicians, and the findings were communicated to local, regional, and national authorities, as well as the general population. Results: The active surveillance strategy successfully identified a mesothelioma cluster in Sibaté, revealing the inadequacy of the existing health information system in monitoring asbestos-related diseases. The discovery of this cluster underscores the critical importance of implementing active surveillance strategies in Colombia, where governmental institutions and resources are often limited. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the urgent need for Colombia to establish a reliable epidemiological surveillance system for asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). Active surveillance strategies can play a crucial role in identifying mesothelioma clusters and enhancing our understanding of the health effects of asbestos exposure in low- and middle-income countries.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a severe eye disease demanding swift treatment to prevent blindness. Early action involving antiviral medications and corticosteroids is crucial for optimal visual outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We present an ARN case series showcasing treatment experience and results. METHODOLOGY: Patients diagnosed with ARN based on SUN Working Group 2021 criteria were included; all underwent comprehensive eye exams, PCR analysis, and imaging. RESULTS: Eight patients were studied; PCR confirmed ARN in six. Induction treatment, either oral valacyclovir (5/8) or intravenous acyclovir (3/8), lasted 10-14 days. Maintenance included oral valacyclovir (6/8), oral valganciclovir (2/8) for six months, along with intravitreal ganciclovir. Visual outcomes were similar for oral and intravenous therapies; poor baseline acuity and macular involvement tend to result in a worse final acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Swift treatment is vital to ARN management. Our findings emphasize effective treatment strategies' role in visual prognosis. ABBREVIATIONS: ACV: Acyclovir; BCVA: Best Corrected Visual Acuity; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein Barr Virus; FTA-ABS: Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test; HSV 1-2: Herpes simplex virus 1-2; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IV-ACV: Intravenous- Acyclovir; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction;Tg: Toxoplasma gondii; VZV: Varicella Zoster Virus; VCV: Valacyclovir; VDRL: Venereal disease research laboratory test.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: el mieloma múltiple es un trastorno hematológico maligno y el segundo cáncer de la sangre más frecuente. El proceso de la angiogénesis tumoral es fundamental para el crecimiento y metástasis de muchos tipos de tumores, incluido en mieloma múltiple. Se sabe que la sobreexpresión del factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular se encuentra asociado a un mal pronóstico en esta patología, representando un blanco clave para la terapia anti-angiogénica en mieloma múltiple. El anticuerpo monoclonal Bevacizumab es capaz de unirse con gran afinidad al factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular bloqueando su acción. Objetivo: evaluar el Fab(Bevacizumab) marcado con 99mTc o Cy7 como potenciales agentes de imagen moleculares de la expresión de factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular en mieloma múltiple. Material y métodos: la expresión de factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular fue analizada mediante citometría de flujo en la línea celular huaman de mieloma múltiple, la MM1S. Fab(Bevacizumab) fue producido mediante digestión de Bevacizumab con papaína, conjugado a NHS-HYNIC-Tfa y radiomarcado con 99mTc. Se realizaron estudios de biodistribución y de tomografía computarizada por emisión del fotón simple. A su vez, Fab(Bevacizumab) fue marcado con Cy7 para obtener imágenes de fluorescencia in vivo hasta 96 horas. Resultados: el análisis por citometría de flujo en la línea celular MM1S reveló que la expresión de factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular es predominantemente intracelular. Los estudios de biodistribución y SPECT/CT del complejo 99mTc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab) mostraron una rápida eliminación sanguínea y una significativa captación a nivel renal y tumoral. Las imágenes por fluorescencia empleando Cy7-Fab(Bevacizumab) permitieron la visualización tumoral hasta 96 h p.i. Conclusiones: logramos visualizar la expresión de factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular in vivo en mieloma múltiple mediante el empleo del fragmento Fab del anticuerpo anti-VEGF (Bevacizumab) marcado con 99mTc y Cy7. Estos nuevos agentes de imagen molecular podrían ser empleados potencialmente en el ámbito clínico para la estadificación y el seguimiento de pacientes con mieloma múltiple, mediante la visualización radioactiva in vivo de la expresión de factor de crecimiento endothelial vascular en todo el cuerpo. La imagen óptica de estos trazadores mejoraría el muestreo tumoral y podría guiar la extirpación quirúrgica.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy and the second most common blood cancer. The process of tumor angiogenesis is central to the growth and metastasis of many types of tumors, including multiple myeloma. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor is known to be associated with poor prognosis in this pathology, representing a key target for anti-angiogenic therapy in multiple myeloma. The monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab is able to bind with high affinity to vascular endothelial growth factor blocking its action. Objective: to evaluate 99mTc- or Cy7-labeled Fab(Bevacizumab) as potential molecular imaging agents of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in multiple myeloma. Methods: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was analyzed by flow cytometry in the multiple myeloma huaman cell line, MM1S. Fab(Bevacizumab) was produced by digestion of Bevacizumab with papain, conjugated to NHS-HYNIC-Tfa and radiolabeled with 99mTc. Biodistribution and single photon emission computed tomography studies were performed. In turn, Fab(Bevacizumab) was labeled with Cy7 to obtain in vivo fluorescence images up to 96 hours. Results: Flow cytometry analysis in the MM1S cell line revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor expression is predominantly intracellular. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies of the 99mTc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab) complex showed rapid blood clearance and significant renal and tumor uptake. Fluorescence imaging using Cy7-Fab(Bevacizumab) allowed tumor visualization up to 96 h p.i. Conclusions: we were able to visualize vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vivo in multiple myeloma using the Fab fragment of the anti-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab) labeled with 99mTc and Cy7. These new molecular imaging agents could potentially be employed in the clinical setting for staging and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma by in vivo radioactive visualization of vascular endothelial growth factor expression throughout the body. Optical imaging of these tracers would improve tumor sampling and could guide surgical excision.

Introdução: O mieloma múltiplo é uma malignidade hematológica e o segundo câncer de sangue mais comum. O processo de angiogênese tumoral é fundamental para o crescimento e a metástase de muitos tipos de tumores, incluindo o mieloma múltiplo. Sabe-se que a superexpressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular está associada a um prognóstico ruim no mieloma múltiplo, representando um alvo importante para a terapia antiangiogênica no mieloma múltiplo. O anticorpo monoclonal Bevacizumab é capaz de se ligar com alta afinidade ao fator de crescimento endotelial vascular e bloquear sua ação. Objetivo: avaliar o Fab(Bevacizumab) marcado com 99mTc ou Cy7 como possíveis agentes de imagem molecular da expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular no mieloma múltiplo. Métodos: A expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular foi analisada por citometria de fluxo na linha celular de mieloma múltiplo MM1S. O Fab(Bevacizumab) foi produzido pela digestão do Bevacizumab com papaína, conjugado com NHS-HYNIC-Tfa e radiomarcado com 99mTc. Foram realizados estudos de biodistribuição e tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único. Por sua vez, o Fab(Bevacizumab) foi marcado com Cy7 para geração de imagens de fluorescência in vivo por até 96 horas. Resultados: A análise de citometria de fluxo na linha celular MM1S revelou que a expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular é predominantemente intracelular. Os estudos de biodistribuição e SPECT/CT do complexo 99mTc-HYNIC-Fab(Bevacizumab) mostraram uma rápida depuração sanguínea e uma captação renal e tumoral significativa. A imagem de fluorescência usando Cy7-Fab(Bevacizumab) permitiu a visualização do tumor até 96 horas p.i. Conclusões: Conseguimos visualizar a expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular in vivo no mieloma múltiplo usando o fragmento Fab do anticorpo anti-VEGF (Bevacizumab) marcado com 99mTc e Cy7. Esses novos agentes de imagem molecular poderiam ser usados no cenário clínico para o estadiamento e o monitoramento de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo, visualizando radioativamente a expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular in vivo em todo o corpo. A geração de imagens ópticas desses traçadores melhoraria a amostragem do tumor e poderia orientar a excisão cirúrgica.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most central nervous system (CNS) intractable disease, has spoiled millions of lives due to its high mortality. Even though several efforts have been made, the existing treatments have had limited success. In this sense, we studied a lead compound, the boron-rich selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-inhibitor hybrid 1, as a potential drug for GBM treatment. For this end, we analyzed the in vitro activity of hybrid 1 in a glioma/primary astrocytes coculture, studying cellular death types triggered by treatment with this compound and its cellular localizations. Additionally, hybrid 1 concentrated boron in glioma cells selectively and more effectively than the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)-clinical agent 10B-l-boronophenylalanine and thus displayed a better in vitro-BNCT effect. This encouraged us to analyze hybrid 1 in vivo. Therefore, immunosuppressed mice bearing U87 MG human GBM were treated with both 1 and 1 encapsulated in a modified liposome (recognized by brain-blood barrier peptide transporters), and we observed a potent in vivo per se antitumor activity (tumor size decrease and animal survival increase). These data demonstrate that 1 could be a promising new targeted therapy for GBM.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Crear la infografía de la guía de alimentación de Dieta Mediterránea Mexicanizada (DMM) y evaluar su comprensión. Material y Métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, el cual constó de dos fases la 1ra. Se creó la infografía de la guía de alimentación de Dieta Mediterránea Mexicanizada. 2da. Se evaluó la apreciación y comprensión de la infografía de la guía de alimentación, en línea a población universitaria, incluidos familiares y conocidos. Resultados: 273 participantes de 42 años promedio, 74% mujeres y 26% varones, más del 94% de los participantes respondió comprender en su totalidad la infografía. DMM es práctica, aplicable, asequible, entendible, buena para el ser humano y ambiente. Conclusión: La Dieta Mediterránea puede prevenir parcial o totalmente el síndrome metabólico, la guía de alimentación de Dieta Mediterránea Mexicanizada promueve una vida sana y bienestar para todas las edades, respalda los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, será una herramienta de salud pública, práctica, aplicable, asequible, entendible, apta para promoverse en la población mexicana.

Abstract Objective: To create the infographic of the Mexicanized Mediterranean Diet food guide and evaluate its understanding. Material and Methods: Descriptive type study, which consisted of two phases, the 1st. The infographic of the Mexicanized Mediterranean Diet food guide was created. 2nd Appreciation and comprehension of the food guide infographic was evaluated online for the university population, including relatives and acquaintances. Results: 273 participants with an average age of 42, 74% women and 26% men, more than 94% of the participants responded that they understood the infographic in its entirety. DMM is practical, applicable, affordable, understandable, good for humans and the environment. Conclusion: The Mediterranean Diet can partially or totally prevent metabolic syndrome, the Mexicanized Mediterranean Diet food guide promotes a healthy life and well-being for all ages, supports the objectives of sustainable development, will be a practical, applicable public health tool, affordable, understandable, suitable for promotion in the Mexican population.

RESUMO

Asbestos is a carcinogenic mineral banned in Colombia since 1 January 2021; however, there is a considerable amount of asbestos-containing building materials (ACBM) installed across the country in products such as roof tiles, tanks, pipes, and downspouts. Installed ACBM represent an exposure risk when the mineral fibers are released into the air through deterioration, damage, or disturbance of the cement matrix within which the asbestos is contained. Due to potential detrimental impacts on human health, safe management and correct handling of ACBM is a matter of vital importance. This article proposes evidence-based environmental management guidelines, aimed at public policymaking, for the removal and final disposal of installed ACBM in Colombia. A descriptive study was carried out, with a qualitative approach, based on an integrative literature review of international practices applied in the removal and disposal of installed ACBM. Forty scientific publications were reviewed, as well as the regulations for removal, transport, and final disposal of installed asbestos-cement from Australia, the USA, Italy, Chile, the UK, and Canada. Guidelines for the removal and final disposal of installed ACBM are proposed, suggesting the following stages: (a) diagnosis and management plan of installed ACBM, (b) removal of installed ACBM, (c) transport of ACBM waste, and (d) final disposal of ACBM waste. Expert opinion was collected to assess the local feasibility of the proposed guidelines. These guidelines may help direct national and regional agencies to establish comprehensive strategies with clear, measurable, and achievable goals for future replacement of installed ACBM. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1079-1088. © 2023 SETAC.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: One of the main contributors to cognitive reserve (CR) is the involvement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs), including education, work, leisure, social and physical activities. Personality traits are plausible determinants of CR, influencing the tendency to engage in CSAs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between personality and CR, operationalised as self-rated involvement in CSAs, in a sample of individuals aged 18-50 or more. Method: We collected two-wave non-probabilistic online data throughout Mexico. The instruments were the Big Five Inventory-2 for the baseline, its extra-short form for the follow-up and the Self-Rating of Cognitive Reserve (SRCR). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to test the unifactorial structure of the SRCR, and multiple regressions were conducted with personality factors as predictors of CR. Results: For the baseline, 2025 participants were recruited, and 610 for the follow-up, most of them female and aged 18-40. CFAs showed excellent goodness-of-fit, and the regression analyses proved Negative Emotionality and Extraversion to be the main predictors of CR. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to identify personality profiles at high risk of underdevelopment of CR in ages where it is still feasible to promote engagement in CSAs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Los nevus apocrinos puros son hamartomas de las unidades pilosebáceas caracterizadas por proliferaciones benignas de glándulas apocrinas maduras, la cual es una descripción microscópica realizada en los reportes de patología sin que se nombre el diagnóstico exacto. Considerando además, los diagnósticos diferenciales clínicos y la baja frecuencia de este diagnóstico, presentamos un caso clínico y una revisión del tema

Pure apocrine nevi are hamartomas of the pilosebaceous units characterized by benign proliferations of mature apocrine glands, which is a microscopic description made in pathology reports without the exact diagnosis being named. Considering the clinical differential diagnoses and its low frequency, we present a case report and a review of the literature on this topic

Assuntos

RESUMO

Socioeconomic inequalities in the detection and treatment of non-communicable diseases represent a challenge for healthcare systems in middle-income countries (MICs) in the context of population ageing. This challenge is particularly pressing regarding hypertension due to its increasing prevalence among older individuals in MICs, especially among those with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Using comparative data for China, Colombia, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa, we systematically assess the association between SES, measured in the form of a wealth index, and hypertension detection and control around the years 2007-15. Furthermore, we determine what observable factors, such as socio-demographic and health characteristics, explain existing SES-related inequalities in hypertension detection and control using a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Results show that the prevalence of undetected hypertension is significantly associated with lower SES. For uncontrolled hypertension, there is evidence of a significant gradient in three of the six countries at the time the data were collected. Differences between rural and urban areas as well as lower and higher educated individuals account for the largest proportion of SES-inequalities in hypertension detection and control at the time. Improved access to primary healthcare in MICs since then may have contributed to a reduction in health inequalities in detection and treatment of hypertension. However, whether this indeed has been the case remains to be investigated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Since the discovery of antibiotics, humanity has been able to cope with the battle against bacterial infections. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics, the lack of innovation in therapeutic agents, and other factors have allowed the emergence of new bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotic treatments, causing a crisis in the health sector. Furthermore, the World Health Organization has listed a series of pathogens (ESKAPE group) that have acquired new and varied resistance to different antibiotics families. Therefore, the scientific community has prioritized designing and developing novel treatments to combat these ESKAPE pathogens and other emergent multidrug-resistant bacteria. One of the solutions is the use of combinatorial therapies. Combinatorial therapies seek to enhance the effects of individual treatments at lower doses, bringing the advantage of being, in most cases, much less harmful to patients. Among the new developments in combinatorial therapies, nanomaterials have gained significant interest. Some of the most promising nanotherapeutics include polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides due to their bactericidal and nanocarrier properties. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the state-of-the-art of the most significant advances and concludes with a perspective on the future developments of nanotherapeutic combinatorial treatments that target bacterial infections.