RESUMO

One of the world's crucial areas for crude oil exploration and extraction is the southern Gulf of Mexico, where Terminos Lagoon (TL) is located. Sediments from the TL region were used to assess the spatial patterns, origins, and ecotoxicological risks associated with 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 3.1-248.9 ng⸳g-1 dry weight basis, dw) and trace metals (Ni = 11.0-104.0 mg⸳kg-1; V = 2.0-35.0 mg⸳kg-1 dw) linked to anthropogenic activities. Although origin indices based on PAHs and metals concentrations indicate no crude oil pollution in the region, sources of pyrogenic PAHs were identified. A chemometric approach demonstrated associations between organic matter and PAHs, and that metal accumulation depends mostly by the input of lithogenic materials. Ecotoxicological risk estimations showed a higher risk of possible adverse effects in sites near swamps and mangrove zones, highlighting the need of future monitoring. This study provides a reference for policymakers to conserve Mexico's largest coastal lagoon and other oil-impacted coastal areas worldwide.

Assuntos

Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Níquel , Petróleo , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Vanádio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Golfo do México , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Vanádio/análise , Níquel/análise , Petróleo/análise , Poluição por Petróleo/análise

RESUMO

The petrochemical industry and urban activities are widely recognized worldwide as a source of pollution to mangrove environments. They can supply pollutants such as trace elements that can modify the ecosystem structure and associated services, as well as human populations. Through geochemical data, multivariate statistical analysis and pollution indices such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), adverse effect index (AEI) and the pollution load index (PLI), we evaluated the factors that control trace element distribution, punctual sources and determined the pollution level of sediments and their potential biological impact in the mangrove ecosystem of Isla del Carmen, Mexico. The factor and cluster analysis highlighted that the distribution of trace elements is influenced by the mineralogy, texture as well as urban derived sources. The pollution indices showed values in the punctual sources from the urban area of EF > 10, Igeo > 3, AEI > 3, PLI > 1 by Cu, Zn and Pb. Finally, the results revealed that mangroves from Isla del Carmen has a major influence from urban activities and natural sources rather than oil industry and also indicate a degraded environment as a result of anthropogenic activities that could have knock-on effect for human health if polluted marine organisms derived from the urban mangroves are consumed. CAPSULE ABSTRACT: Surface sediments show the influence of point sources on selected trace element concentrations correlated with human activities within the mangroves of Isla del Carmen, Mexico.

Assuntos

Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Humanos , Metais Pesados , México , Óleos , Medição de Risco , Oligoelementos , Poluentes Químicos da Água

RESUMO

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 encoded Rev is essential for export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, of unspliced and singly spliced transcripts coding for structural and nonstructural viral proteins. This process is spatially and temporally coordinated resulting from the interactions between cellular and viral proteins. Here we examined the effects of the sub-cellular localization and dynamics of Rev on the efficiency of nucleocytoplasmic transport of HIV-1 Gag transcripts and virus particle production. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescence recovery after bleaching (FRAP), we report that NF90ctv, a cellular protein involved in Rev function, alters both the sub-cellular localization and dynamics of Rev in vivo, which drastically affects the accumulation of the viral protein p24. The CRM1-dependent nuclear export of Gag mRNA linked to the Rev Response Element (RRE) is dependent on specific domains of the NF90ctv protein. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the appropriate intracellular localization and dynamics of Rev could regulate Gag assembly and HIV-1 replication.

Assuntos

Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/metabolismo , HIV-1/fisiologia , Proteínas do Fator Nuclear 90/fisiologia , Produtos do Gene rev do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Recuperação de Fluorescência Após Fotodegradação , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/fisiologia , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteínas do Fator Nuclear 90/química , Proteínas do Fator Nuclear 90/genética , Proteínas do Fator Nuclear 90/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/genética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologia , Transporte Proteico/fisiologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/fisiologia , Distribuição Tecidual , Vírion/metabolismo , Vírion/fisiologia , Montagem de Vírus/fisiologia , Replicação Viral/genética , Replicação Viral/fisiologia , Produtos do Gene rev do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene rev do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/fisiologia