RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and, on rare occasions, extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. Despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. She presented with heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore, she went to her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered. After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and present with symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal therapy will need the aid of a multidisciplinary team and will depend on the patient's symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor's extension, and resectability.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Leiomiomatose , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Leiomiomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Leiomiomatose/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , GinecologistaRESUMO
Abstract: Vascular rings are embryonic malformations of the aortic complex that encircle the trachea and the esophagus and that, occasionally, produce symptoms. Ductal ligaments (DLs) are important elements in the constitution of vascular rings. Part of the surgical treatment of symptomatic vascular rings consists in dividing the DLs. The objective of this work is to try to locate the DLs using multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with vascular rings. With this goal in mind, we reviewed 86 MRI studies and 16 MDCT studies in patients with vascular rings, with the parameters normally used in heart and large vessel studies. In 14 of the 16 MDCT cases, we were able to locate the DLs. We were unable to locate them in any of the MRI cases in the planes and sequence we used. We conclude that, although several sources of medical literature assert that DLs in vascular rings cannot be seen using any imaging procedure, it is possible to identify them using MDCT.
Resumen: Los anillos vasculares son malformaciones de origen embrionario del complejo aórtico, que rodean la tráquea y el esófago y que ocasionalmente producen síntomas. Los ligamentos ductales (LDs) son elementos importantes en la constitución de los anillos vasculares. Parte del tratamiento quirúrgico de los anillos vasculares sintomáticos consiste en seccionar los LDs. El objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de localizar los LDs con tomografía computarizada multidetector (TCMD) e imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) en pacientes con anillos vasculares, con los parámetros que normalmente se usan en estos procedimientos en los estudios de corazón y grandes vasos. Con este objetivo, revisamos 86 estudios realizados con IRM y 16 con TCMD de pacientes con anillos vasculares. En 14 de los 16 casos estudiados con TCMD fue posible la localización de los LDs. En ninguno de los casos estudiados con IRM, en los planos y secuencia empleados por nosotros, fue posible localizarlos. Concluimos que, aunque varias fuentes de literatura médica aseveran que los LDs en los anillos vasculares no pueden ser vistos por ningún procedimiento de imagen, su identificación es factible por medio de TCMD.