RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive caries care has shown effectiveness in controlling caries progression and improving health outcomes by controlling caries risk, preventing initial-caries lesions progression, and patient satisfaction. To date, the caries-progression control effectiveness of the patient-centred risk-based CariesCare International (CCI) system, derived from ICCMS™ for the practice (2019), remains unproven. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic a previously planned multi-centre RCT shifted to this "Caries OUT" study, aiming to assess in a single-intervention group in children, the caries-control effectiveness of CCI adapted for the pandemic with non-aerosols generating procedures (non-AGP) and reducing in-office time. METHODS: In this 1-year multi-centre single-group interventional trial the adapted-CCI effectiveness will be assessed in one single group in terms of tooth-surface level caries progression control, and secondarily, individual-level caries progression control, children's oral-health behaviour change, parents' and dentists' process acceptability, and costs exploration. A sample size of 258 3-5 and 6-8 years old patients was calculated after removing half from the previous RCT, allowing for a 25% dropout, including generally health children (27 per centre). The single-group intervention will be the adapted-CCI 4D-cycle caries care, with non-AGP and reduced in-office appointments' time. A trained examiner per centre will conduct examinations at baseline, at 5-5.5 months (3 months after basic management), 8.5 and 12 months, assessing the child's CCI caries risk and oral-health behaviour, visually staging and assessing caries-lesions severity and activity without air-drying (ICDAS-merged Epi); fillings/sealants; missing/dental-sepsis teeth, and tooth symptoms, synthetizing together with parent and external-trained dental practitioner (DP) the patient- and tooth-surface level diagnoses and personalised care plan. DP will deliver the adapted-CCI caries care. Parents' and dentists' process acceptability will be assessed via Treatment-Evaluation-Inventory questionnaires, and costs in terms of number of appointments and activities. Twenty-one centres in 13 countries will participate. DISCUSSION: The results of Caries OUT adapted for the pandemic will provide clinical data that could help support shifting the caries care in children towards individualised oral-health behaviour improvement and tooth-preserving care, improving health outcomes, and explore if the caries progression can be controlled during the pandemic by conducting non-AGP and reducing in-office time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively-registered-ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT04666597-07/12/2020: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000AGM4&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00019IE&ts=2&cx=uwje3h . Protocol-version 2: 27/01/2021.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cárie Dentária , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Odontólogos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Papel Profissional , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of prenatal care (PNC) on the level and distribution of child stunting in three Andean countries-Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru-where expanding access to such care has been an explicit policy intervention to tackle child malnutrition in utero and during early childhood. METHODS: An econometric analysis of cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was conducted. The analysis included ordinary least-squares (OLS) regressions, estimates of concentration curves, and decompositions of a concentration index. RESULTS: The analysis shows that the use of PNC in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru is only weakly associated with a reduction in the level of child malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Further expansion of PNC programs is unlikely to play a large role in reducing inequalities in malnutrition.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/normas , Adulto , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Insuficiência de Crescimento/epidemiologia , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of prenatal care (PNC) on the level and distribution of child stunting in three Andean countries-Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru-where expanding access to such care has been an explicit policy intervention to tackle child malnutrition in utero and during early childhood. METHODS: An econometric analysis of cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was conducted. The analysis included ordinary least-squares (OLS) regressions, estimates of concentration curves, and decompositions of a concentration index. RESULTS: The analysis shows that the use of PNC in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru is only weakly associated with a reduction in the level of child malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Further expansion of PNC programs is unlikely to play a large role in reducing inequalities in malnutrition.
OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto de la atención prenatal sobre el nivel y la distribución del retraso del crecimiento infantil en tres países andinos (Bolivia, Colombia y Perú) donde la ampliación del acceso a este tipo de atención ha constituido una intervención política explícita con objeto de afrontar la desnutrición intrauterina y durante la primera infancia. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un análisis econométrico de la Encuesta de Demografía y Salud, de carácter transversal. Este análisis incluyó regresiones ordinarias de mínimos cuadrados, cálculos de curvas de concentración y descomposiciones de un índice de concentración. RESULTADOS: El análisis demuestra que la atención prenatal en Bolivia, Colombia y Perú se asocia solo débilmente con una reducción del nivel de desnutrición infantil. CONCLUSIONES: Es poco probable que una mayor extensión de los programas de atención prenatal tenga un amplio efecto en la reducción de las desigualdades en materia de desnutrición.