RESUMO
To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Inês breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Inês breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9-desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Inês breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n-3 and n-6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos/química , Carne/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Dieta/veterinária , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Cabras/genética , Cabras/fisiologia , Masculino , Ovinos/genética , Ovinos/fisiologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
O experimento foi com o objetivo de avaliar dois tipos de suplementação (energética e proteico-energética) nas características de carcaça e na composição tecidual dos cortes comerciais de caprinos F1 (Boer x SRD) e ovinos Santa Inês terminados em Caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L. cv. biloela). Foram utilizados 12 caprinos mestiços F1 (Boer x SRD) e 12 ovinos Santa Inês machos, não castrados, com peso corporal de 24,28 ± 2,93 kg e 24,31 ± 1,84 kg, respectivamente. O manejo alimentar consistiu de pastejo em Caatinga nativa enriquecida com capim-buffel e dois tipos de suplementação alimentar: energética a base de farelo de milho e núcleo mineral e proteico-energética constituída de farelo de soja, farelo de milho e núcleo mineral. A dieta foi fornecida na proporção de 10 g/kg do peso corporal animal, a fim de obter um ganho de peso de 150 g/dia. O abate foi realizado aos 90 dias de experimento e foram avaliadas a morfometria, conformação e o estado de adiposidade. A carcaça foi seccionada ao meio e a meia carcaça esquerda foi dividida nos cinco cortes comerciais: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna, que foram dissecados em gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular, osso e músculo. As gorduras subcutânea e intermuscular foram somadas para quantificar o total de gordura em cada corte. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com esquema fatorial de 2x2 (2 espécies animais e 2 estratégias de suplementação). A utilização da suplementação proteico-energética proporcionou melhores índices morfométricos, maior peso da meia carcaça e dos cortes comerciais e uma maior quantidade de músculos nos cortes pescoço, paleta, lombo e perna independentemente da espécie animal e melhor conformação para os ovinos. Os caprinos F1 Boer x SRD apresentam maior peso e rendimento de paleta e maior quantidade de músculos em todos os cortes comerciais e os ovinos Santa Inês apresentam carcaças com melhor acabamento e maior rendimento de perna, além de maior quantidade de gordura no pescoço, costilhar, lombo e perna. Os resultados apresentados pelos animais desse estudo se encontram dentro do padrão exigido pelo consumidor com adequada quantidade de músculo e gordura, dessa forma, recomenda-se o uso da suplementação proteico-energética.
The experiment was conducted in order to evaluate two types of supplementation (energetic and proteic-energetic) on carcass characteristics of goats and sheep finished in Caatinga thinned and enriched with buffel-grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. cv. biloela). It was used 12 goats crossbred F1 (Boer x SRD) and 12 Santa Inês sheep males, not castrated, live weight of 24,28 ± 2,93 kg and 24,31 ± 1,84 kg, respectively. The feeding system consisted of grazing on native Caatinga enriched with buffel-grass and two types of supplementary feeding: energetic based in meal and mineral mixture and energetic-proteic consisting of soybean meal, corn meal and mineral mixture. The diet was fed at a rate of 10 g/kg of live weight, to obtain a weight gain of 150 g/day. The slaughter was carried out at 90 days of the experiment and were evaluated for morphology, conformation and adiposity status. The carcass was split in half and left half carcass was divided into five commercial cuts: neck, shoulder, ribs, loin and leg, which was dissected into subcutaneous fat, inside muscular fat, bone and muscle. The subcutaneous and inside muscular fat was added to quantify the total fat in each slice. The design was completely randomized with a factorial 2x2 (two animal species and two supplementation strategies). The use of energetic-proteic supplementation provided better morphometric indices, the greater weight of the half carcass and commercial cuts and more cuts in the amount of neck muscles, shoulder, loin and leg, independently of animal species and better conformation for sheep. The F1 Boer x SRD goats have higher weight and yield of shoulder and greater amount of muscle in all commercial cuts and Santa Inês sheep have carcasses with better finishing and higher yield of leg and greater amount of fat in the neck, rib, loin and leg. The results presented by this animal study are within the standard required by the consumer with adequate amount of muscle and fat, thus, it is recommended the use of supplemental protein-energy.