RESUMO
PURPOSE: Peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and peri-implantitis (PI) are multicausal conditions with several risk factors contributing to their pathogenesis. In this study, we retrospectively investigated risk variables potentially associated with these peri-implant diseases (PIDs) over a follow-up period of 1 to 18 years. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 379 implants placed in 155 patients. Single-visit clinical and radiographic evaluations were employed to determine the presence or absence of PIDs. Parameters related to the patient, site, surgery, implant, and prosthetic restoration were documented. The relationships between risk variables and the occurrence of PIDs were individually examined and adjusted for confounders using multivariate binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of PIM and PI were 28.4% and 36.8% at the patient level and 33.5% and 24.5% at the implant level, respectively. Poor oral hygiene, active gingivitis/periodontitis, preoperative alveolar ridge deficiency, early or delayed implant placement, implant length of 11.0 mm or less, and poor restoration quality were strong and independent risk indicators for both PIDs. Furthermore, a follow-up period of more than 5 years and a loading time of more than 4 years were important indicators for PI. Simultaneously, age and smoking status acted as modifiers of the effect of mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) widths of restoration on PI. CONCLUSIONS: In this study population, oral hygiene, periodontal status, preoperative alveolar ridge status, implant placement protocol, implant length, and the quality of coronal restoration appear to be robust risk indicators for both PIM and PI. Additionally, the length of follow-up and functional loading time are robust indicators of PI. Furthermore, the potential modifying relationships of age and smoking status with the MD and BL widths of restoration may be crucial for the development of PI.
RESUMO
Introducción: el presente estudio se hizo con el propósito de comparar los efectos de tres enjuagues en el tratamiento de la mucositis oral secundaria al tratamiento de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda en niños en edades entre 3 y 15 años, que estaban hospitalizados en el Pabellón de Hematooncología Infantil del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín. Métodos: se usaron tres enjuagues: triconjugado conformado por: lidocaína en gel al 2%, hidróxido de aluminio e hidróxido de magnesio con simeticona en suspensión (MylantaMR) e hidrocloruro de difenhidramina en jarabe (BenadrylMR); sucralfato constituido por sucralfato de sacarosa de aluminio en suspensión (Dip SucralfatoMR) y lidocaína en gel al 2%, y un tercer enjuague denominado control conformado por lidocaína en gel al 2%; a los tres enjuagues se les adicionó nistatina genérica (100.000 UI) en suspensión para prevenir la sobreinfección fúngica. La asignación de enjuagues fue al azar haciendo a cada paciente tres enjuagues diarios con el asignado; se hizo un registro diario de la severidad de la mucositis y la duración del episodio con el fin de establecer diferencias entre ellos. El tipo de estudio fue cuasi experimental de tipo comparativo y ciego, con una muestra de catorce casos (seis con triconjugado, cuatro con Sucralfato y cuatro de grupo control) recolectados en un periodo de 32 meses, entre abril de 2005 y noviembre de 2007. Resultados y conclusiones: no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la duración ni en la severidad de la mucositis que presentaron los grupos de pacientes con la utilización de los enjuagues estudiados.
Introduction: the present study was conducted to compare the effects of three mouth rinses in the treatment of oralmucositis induced by chemotherapy in children between 3 and 15 years of age, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and who were hospitalized at the Pediatric Hemato oncology Pavilion of the San Vicente de Paul University Hospital in the city of Medellin. Methods: three mouth rinses were compared: Triconjugate diphenhydramine, milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) and lidocaine in gel; Sucralfate comprising sucralfate suspended and lidocaine in gel; and a third rinse, called Control consisting of lidocaine in gel; nistatin was added to the mouth rinses to avoid fungal infection. Each group had 3 daily rinses with the assigned mouth rinse and a daily log was made with information related to the severity of mucositis and duration of the episode. The type of study was a quasi-experimental comparative blind design, the sample had 14 cases (triconjugate with 6 cases, 4 in the sucralfate group and 4 in the control group) and collection of the sample was made over a period of 32 months between April 2005 and November 2007. Results and conclusion: no statistically significant differences were found in the severity nor on the length of mucositis among the rinses used by the patients.