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1.
Rev. gastroenterol. Peru ; 42(4)oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423947

RESUMO

El cribado de cáncer de páncreas en población de alto riesgo puede mejorar la supervivencia. Sin embargo, hay pocas referencias sobre su aplicabilidad y hallazgos en la práctica clínica habitual. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los hallazgos de las pruebas de cribado de cáncer de páncreas en individuos de alto riesgo en la práctica clínica y describir las variables asociadas a la presencia de lesiones relevantes. Este es un estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se seleccionaron pacientes con alto riesgo de cáncer de páncreas, según los criterios del Consorcio Internacional de Cribado de Cáncer de Páncreas. Se analizaron variables demográficas, presencia de factores de riesgo de cáncer páncreas y los hallazgos de las pruebas. Posteriormente se compararon pacientes que presentan lesiones relevantes con aquellos sin hallazgos. De 70 pacientes de alto riesgo, 25 cumplieron los criterios de cribado. El síndrome hereditario más frecuente fue el cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario (60%). En once individuos (44%) se identificaron hallazgos y en tres (12%) fueron relevantes: dos tumores papilares mucinosos intraductales y un tumor sólido localizado. La mutación en BRCA2 fue la más frecuente en lesiones significativas (66,7% vs 30%, p=0,376) sin encontrar asociación con diabetes ni tabaquismo (0 vs 18 %, p=0,578 y 0 vs 4,5%, p=0,880 respectivamente). En conclusión, las pruebas de cribado permiten detectar lesiones en estadio precoz o resecables en un importante porcentaje de población de alto riesgo seleccionada. Los hallazgos más relevantes fueron en los pacientes pertenecientes al síndrome de cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario.


Pancreatic cancer surveillance can improve outcomes in high-risk individuals. However, little is known about its applicability and findings in routine clinical practice. Our aim was to evaluate findings on screening tests in high-risk individuals in a clinical practice setting and to analyze factors associated with the presence of relevant pancreatic lesions. We developed a prospective observational study of pancreatic cancer high risk patients that meet criteria of surveillance from the International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening Consortium. The demographic variables, other risk factors and imaging findings are collected. Patients with significant findings are compared to those without noteworthy findings. Of 70 high-risk individuals, 25 fitted the criteria for pancreatic cancer surveillance. The most frequent condition was hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (60%). We identified eleven abnormal imaging findings (44%) and three of them (12%) were relevant: two intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and one localized pancreatic neoplasm. BRCA2 mutation was more frequent in patients with significant lesions (66.7% vs 30%, p=0.376) but smoking and diabetes were not associated with relevant findings (0 vs 18 %, p=0.578 and 0 vs 4.5%, p=0.880 respectively). Screening test could detect early-stage or resectable lesions in a significant in a significant percentage of the selected high-risk population. The most relevant findings were in patients belonging to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.

2.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru ; 42(4): 234-241, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36746463

RESUMO

Pancreatic cancer surveillance can improve outcomes in high-risk individuals. However, little is known about its applicability and findings in routine clinical practice. Our aim was to evaluate findings on screening tests in high-risk individuals in a clinical practice setting and to analyze factors associated with the presence of relevant pancreatic lesions. We developed a prospective observational study of pancreatic cancer high risk patients that meet criteria of surveillance from the International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening Consortium. The demographic variables, other risk factors and imaging findings are collected. Patients with significant findings are compared to those without noteworthy findings. Of 70 high-risk individuals, 25 fitted the criteria for pancreatic cancer surveillance. The most frequent condition was hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (60%). We identified eleven abnormal imaging findings (44%) and three of them (12%) were relevant: two intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and one localized pancreatic neoplasm. BRCA2 mutation was more frequent in patients with significant lesions (66.7% vs 30%, p=0.376) but smoking and diabetes were not associated with relevant findings (0 vs 18 %, p=0.578 and 0 vs 4.5%, p=0.880 respectively). Screening test could detect early-stage or resectable lesions in a significant in a significant percentage of the selected high-risk population. The most relevant findings were in patients belonging to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Feminino , Humanos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas
3.
Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) ; 14(2): 82-92, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35096358

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Recent cases of unethical behavior in organizations indicate the need to carry out empirical research about it. OBJECTIVE: Determine the existence of a relationship between ethics and leadership, demanded by society and prescribed by various academic theories.Method: For this reason, through the conduction of non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative research, it is sought to make a process of falsification of the theoretical proposals in the context of a municipal mayoralty. In the development of the research, the responses of 219 leaders were satisfactorily received, answering questions from two psychometric instruments of wide recognition and academic validity, the Ethics Position Questionnaire and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. They were carried out both through an exploratory data analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, and a model of structural equations that tested the existence of a relation between the ethical position and the styles of leadership. RESULTS: It was also possible to identify the influence exerted by the different ethical positions in each one of the styles of leadership in a local public administration. CONCLUSIONS: These findings facilitate the identification of ethical leadership models in local public organizations and contribute towards the empirical demonstration of the current discussion on the relationship between ethics and leadership in organizations.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque la sociedad y las principales teorías sobre liderazgo postulan de manera normativa una relación existente entre la ética y el ejercicio de liderazgo, recientes casos de comportamientos no éticos indican la necesidad latente sobre la realización de estudios que los profundicen. OBJETIVO: Determinar si los principios y juicios morales tienen relación con el liderazgo en las organizaciones, y en específico en aquellas pertenecientes al sector público. MÉTODO: A partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se logró probar la existencia de una relación entre la posición ética, medida a partir del Ethical Position Questionnaire, y los estilos de liderazgo, medidos con la aplicación del Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, en una administración pública de orden local y determinar el sentido de esa relación. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos proponen que aquellos que se orientan al reconocimiento de la existencia de principios morales universales prefieren el uso de comportamiento de liderazgo diferentes a aquellos que creen en que los comportamientos éticos se pueden relativizar según las circunstancias individuales o el contexto. CONCLUSIÓN: Los hallazgos permitirán avanzar en el estudio que permita dar respuesta al cómo liderar el cumplimiento de metas organizacionales a partir de la aplicación de principios éticos que procuren el bienestar de toda la sociedad.

4.
Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) ; 12(1): 57-65, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32612788

RESUMO

The results of three different groups of customers, each exposed to a different sales technique, were compared in order to evaluate which sales technique was more effective for achieving higher levels of sustained attention. The study used the Neurosky headband to measure brainwaves in millivolts. The three compared sales techniques were: 1) the training technique for sale, termed as structured by the AIDA model; 2) the traditional sale, here called unstructured; 3) and a structured technique with the help of simultaneous stimulation by several neuroattentional pathways, prescribed by the developments of the neuroscience of consumption (CN). The results showed a statistically significant difference in achieved sustained attention levels, presenting higher levels in clients exposed to the sales training technique and ower scores in those exposed to one of the techniques used by the CN. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of sustained attention in clients when the stimulation of a single neuroattentional pathway is used as compared to the activation of several pathways simultaneously.


Con el objetivo de conocer qué tipo de técnica de venta es más efectiva en lograr mayores niveles de atención sostenida, se compararon los resultados obtenidos por tres grupos de clientes expuestos, cada uno, a una técnica de venta de un mismo producto. Para el efecto se recurrió a la medición en milivoltios de ondas cerebrales de atención a través de diademas Neurosky. Las tres técnicas de venta comparadas fueron: 1) la técnica de entrenamiento en venta, estructurada según el modelo AIDA; 2) la venta tradicional, denominada aquí como no estructurada; 3) y una técnica estructurada con ayuda de estimulación simultánea por varias vías neuroatencionales, prescrita por los desarrollos de la neurociencia del consumo (NC). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de atención sostenida alcanzados, presentando mayores niveles en los clientes expuestos a la técnica de entrenamiento en venta y menores puntajes en aquellos expuestos a una de las técnicas usadas por la NC. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con el concepto de atención sostenida en los clientes, cuando se recurre a la estimulación de una vía neuroatencional en comparación con la activación de varias vías simultáneamente.

5.
Integr Zool ; 14(5): 422-434, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30585414

RESUMO

Biosphere reserves are protected areas whose purpose is to combine conservation and sustainable development. However, their effectiveness has not been tested sufficiently, especially from an ecological and genetic approach. In this sense, the Peromyscus genus represents an excellent bioindicator to address these questions, due to its short life and high evolutionary rate and fecundity. For conservation managers, genetic structure can increase the rate of loss of genetic diversity because alleles exclusive of a subpopulation are more likely to disappear as a consequence of genetic drift in comparison with a panmictic population. Here we analyzed the abundance, movement distances, morphology/morphometry and genetic structure of 3 populations of Mexican deer mouse (Peromyscus mexicanus) located in different protected zones of La Tigra National Park (Honduras). Our results are consistent among the 3 approaches and showed the highest values of abundance, morphometry and genetic diversity in the population located at the core zone, whereas non-statistically significant differences were found between buffer and transition zone populations, suggesting suitable effectiveness of conservation management in the core zone but a lack of ecological buffering function of the other zones. In addition, the low movement distances and high genetic structure among the studied populations provide evidence of poor conservation management in the buffer and transition zone. Thus, we discuss the utility of the novel methodology used in this work, combining morphometry, abundance and genetics, in testing the effectiveness of conservation strategies in biosphere reserves, and the value of the Peromyscus genus as a bioindicator.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Peromyscus/fisiologia , Densidade Demográfica , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Honduras
6.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 43(3): 24-32, 2018. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023596

RESUMO

La violencia es un problema de salud mental que se ha abordado poco en escolares respecto a sus diferencias por sexo. En particular, la percepción de violencia por escolares es de importancia para el diseño de intervenciones comunitarias en salud mental. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en la magnitud de la percepción de violencia según contexto y tipo de exposición por sexo y la asociación con actitudes parentales percibidas por estudiantes de básica de colegios municipales chilenos. Método: Se realizó un diseño transversal en 6879 escolares (45,5 por ciento hombres) de 4-6° básico de escuelas municipales de seis comunas de Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó variables sociodemográficas, la percepción de violencia en el hogar, barrio y colegio (observada y personalmente vivenciada); y actitudes parentales. Se analizaron puntajes y asociación de variables, y además, se realizó análisis de regresión. Resultados: El lugar de mayor percepción de violencia por escolares de ambos sexos es en el colegio. En todos los contextos y tipos de exposición los hombres perciben más violencia que las mujeres (p<0,001). Las mujeres perciben mejores actitudes parentales que los hombres (p<0,05). Se encontraron correlaciones negativas significativas entre percepción de violencia y algunas actitudes parentales como: apoyo emocional otorgado, preocupación por la escuela y por otros aspectos de la vida. Conclusión: La alta frecuencia de percepción de violencia en diversos contextos y las diferencias por sexo encontradas nos abre a una reflexión en perspectiva de género, fundamental para la política pública.(AU)


Violence is a mental health problem. Differences by gender in school children have been scarcely analyzed. In particular, perception of violence by school children is very important to design community mental health interventions. Aim: To analyze gender differences in perception of violence by context and type of exposure, and their association to parental attitudes perceived by children from municipal schools in Chile. Method: A cross sectional design was implemented in 6879 school children from 4th-6th grade of public schools (45.5 percent boys), from six Chilean municipalities of Chile. A questionnaire about sociodemographic variables, perception of violence at school, home, TV and neighbourhood (observed and personally lived) and parental attitudes, was applied. Scores and associations of variables were obtained, and regression analysis was done. Results: A higher perception of violence score was found in the school context by both genders. Boys perceived more violence than girls in every context and type of exposure (p<0.001). Girls perceived better parental attitudes than boys (p<0.05). We found negative, statistically significant correlations between perception of violence and parental attitude such as emotional support given, concern about school activities, and for other issues of children´s life. Conclusion: The finding of high frequency of perceived violence in diverse contexts and the differences by sex suggest further exploration of the gender perspective, as a key aspect for public policy.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Violência , Escolaridade , Saúde Mental , Identidade de Gênero
7.
Int J Equity Health ; 16(1): 23, 2017 01 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28107814

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This paper studies the socioeconomic disparities in self-perceived oral health among Chilean adults and in the perceived physical, functional, psychological and social consequences of oral health. METHODS: In February 2011, 1,413 residents of Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile, were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and examined by dentists for dental status and oral health conditions. Only adults 18 to 60 years old affiliated with the public healthcare system were eligible to participate. We estimate socioeconomic gradients in self-perceived oral health and its distinct dimensions. We use the Heckman two-step procedure to control for selection bias given the non-random nature of the sample. In addition, we use a two-equation ordered response model given the discrete nature of the dependent variable. RESULTS: There is a non-linear socioeconomic gradient in self-perceived oral health even after controlling for oral health status. The gradient is steep at the lower end of the income distribution and constant at mid-income levels. These socioeconomic disparities are also found for the psychological and social dimensions of self-perceived oral health, but not for the functional limitations and physical pain dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with inequities in the access to oral health services due to insufficient provision in the public sector and costly options in the private sector.


Assuntos
Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Setor Público , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 70(4): 178-181,, oct-dic .2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | BIMENA | ID: bim-4943

RESUMO

La alopecia areata es un proceso relativamente frecuente que cuando evoluciona a alopecia universal suele no responder al tratamiento. Aquí presentamos dos casos; uno de una niña de 12 años de edad, quien dos años atras inició alopecia areata que evolucionó a alopecia universal. El otro, una mujer de 28 años, que inició un proceso de alopecia areata (cuatro focos en región temporal derecha e izquierda) y que nueve meses mas tarde evolucionó a alopecia universal. Presentamos estos casos dado el poco éxito que se obtuvo con el tratamiento habituales en este proceso, y el hecho de obtener una repoblación capilar satisfactoria con la aplicación de solución de difenciprona al 0.001 por ciento. En el segundo caso se asoció la difenciprona a la ingestión de unas cápsulas conteniendo glutation, selenio, vitamina E glucosalina, zinc, hierro, aceite de soya y extracto de serenoa repens, entre otros


Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/diagnóstico , Alopecia em Áreas/terapia , Alopecia/complicações , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Alopecia/terapia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/terapia , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cabelo/patologia
9.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 70(4): 178-181, oct.-dic. 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-418396

RESUMO

La alopecia areata es un proceso relativamente frecuente que cuando evoluciona a alopecia universal suele no responder al tratamiento. Aquí presentamos dos casos; uno de una niña de 12 años de edad, quien dos años atras inició alopecia areata que evolucionó a alopecia universal. El otro, una mujer de 28 años, que inició un proceso de alopecia areata (cuatro focos en región temporal derecha e izquierda) y que nueve meses mas tarde evolucionó a alopecia universal. Presentamos estos casos dado el poco éxito que se obtuvo con el tratamiento habituales en este proceso, y el hecho de obtener una repoblación capilar satisfactoria con la aplicación de solución de difenciprona al 0.001 por ciento. En el segundo caso se asoció la difenciprona a la ingestión de unas cápsulas conteniendo glutation, selenio, vitamina E glucosalina, zinc, hierro, aceite de soya y extracto de serenoa repens, entre otros


Assuntos
Alopecia , Alopecia em Áreas , Dermatopatias Infecciosas , Cabelo
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