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This study determines the sensitivity and specificity of a screening test to detect perceptual abnormalities and whether there are differences between gender. Vision is a complex process involving visual perception. Any alterations can affect learning, so having a screening test in Spanish that is easy to use and reliable for timely diagnosis will reduce the percentage of visuo-perceptual interference during learning process. A total of 200 subjects participated, aged between 8 and 15 years old, with good visual acuity, and no strabismus, amblyopia, ocular pathology, or neurological damage. The Petrosyan questionnaire (screening test) was employed to identify symptoms associated with perceptual impairment, and a subsequent assessment was conducted to evaluate perceptual abilities. The mean age was 11.5 years (57% male; 44% female). The screening test indicated that 30% of the subjects were suspected of having perceptual alteration, while 24% were diagnosed with a real alteration in perceptual abilities. The sensitivity was 1 and the specificity was 0.92. The Spanish version of the Petrosyan questionnaire has high sensitivity and specificity values and is therefore considered very accurate for identifying the need for a perceptual assessment. There are statistically significant differences in perceptual abilities according to gender. The female group shows more symptomatology and a higher percentage of alteration in perceptual skills.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a global pandemic, leading to health, economic, and political crisis. The virus triggers the activation of inflammatory reactants including interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), causing multiorgan damage, particularly affecting the lungs. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor blocker, has the potential to diminish the progression of the disease and reduce organ damage and long-term complications. The aim of this observational retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the efficacy of tocilizumab in decreasing CRP levels in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compared to standard care without the drug. The study included 141 patients during their Hospital Stay (HS), with 100 in the Tocilizumab group and 41 in the non-Tocilizumab group. Clinical information was collected from the electronic clinical record, analyzed using statistical software, and homogenized the CRP levels from the severe group to the levels of the less complicated group at 48 h of hospitalization. The results showed a statistically significant greater decrease in CRP levels in the Tocilizumab group at 48 h after the use of the treatment, with no differences in mortality or length of stay between the groups. In conclusion, tocilizumab accelerates the diminishing of CRP levels compared to standard treatment alone, and its use may have potential benefits in the management of severe COVID-19 patients when used alongside with follow-up quantification of CRP levels reduction.IMPORTANCESevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a global pandemic, leading to health, economic, and political crises. International guidelines for managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) give recommendations according to the severity of the disease and the level of oxygen therapy needed. Tocilizumab is an option for the therapeutic management of hospitalized patients with any level of oxygen therapy; IL-6 serum level is the parameter for the follow-up on the efficacy, but it is not available at many hospitals. In this study, we demonstrate that C-reactive protein determination can predict the response to tocilizumab in severe COVID-19, the target patients for treatment with this drug. The use of this affordable and extensively available biomarker supports clinical decisions for the early escalation of the therapy and for the rational use of this drug on those prone to improve with the use of it.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Proteína C-Reativa , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Hospitalização , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two crucial classes of transcripts that belong to the major group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These RNA molecules have significant influence over diverse molecular processes due to their crucial role as regulators of gene expression. However, the dysregulated expression of these ncRNAs constitutes a fundamental factor in the etiology and progression of a wide variety of multifaceted human diseases, including kidney diseases. In this context, over the past years, compelling evidence has shown that miRNAs and lncRNAs could be prospective targets for the development of next-generation drugs against kidney diseases as they participate in a number of disease-associated processes, such as podocyte and nephron death, renal fibrosis, inflammation, transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, renal vascular changes, sepsis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis. Hence, in this current review, we critically analyze the recent findings concerning the therapeutic inferences of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathophysiological context of kidney diseases. Additionally, with the aim of driving advances in the formulation of ncRNA-based drugs tailored for the management of kidney diseases, we discuss some of the key challenges and future prospects that should be addressed in forthcoming investigations.
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MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA não Traduzido , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/genética , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , FibroseRESUMO
Acanthamoeba griffini is known to cause amoebic keratitis (AK); its main causes are inadequate hygiene when contact lenses are handled and/or its prolonged use at night, as well as the use of contact lenses during underwater activities. The most used treatment for AK is the combination of propamidine isethionate combined with polyhexamethylene biguanide, which disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane, and damages cellular components and respiratory enzymes. We proposed an immunoconjugate treatment obtained from Acanthamoeba immunized rabbit serum combined with propamidine isethionate; the corneas of hamsters inoculated with A. griffini (MYP2004) were treated with the combined, at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Propamidine isethionate is frequently used for AK treatment, in vivo study we are found IL-1ß and IL-10 expression and caspase 3 activity is significantly increased with respect to the group that was inoculated with the amoeba without receiving any treatment, suggesting that it may be an effect of the toxicity of this drug on the corneal tissue. Application of the immunoconjugate showed enhanced amoebicidal and anti-inflammatory activities, with comparison to propamidine isethionate only. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the immunoconjugate of propamidine isethionate and polyclonal antibodies as a treatment of AK in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).
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BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) treatment is commonly associated with a high incidence of adverse effects. It is crucial to study and update these adverse effects to improve the existing knowledge of which drugs to use and to clarify the information presented to patients. METHODS: We analyzed the adverse effects of benznidazole in two cohorts of patients: a large retrospective study and a small prospective study. RESULTS: This large retrospective study described the most and least common adverse effects in our area and characterized our Chagas disease population. This prospective study, along with a close follow-up of the treatment, detected more adverse effects and enhanced the patients' perception of the disease and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This information is important for preventing non-medical-related withdrawals and for removing baseless fears. Better knowledge of patients could help us provide better care.
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Doença de Chagas , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Nitroimidazóis , Tripanossomicidas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doença Crônica , Tripanossomicidas/efeitos adversos , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Nitroimidazóis/efeitos adversosRESUMO
End-use demand data availability is a catalyst for improving energy efficiency measures and upgrading electricity demand studies. Nevertheless, residential end-use public datasets are limited, and end-use monitoring is costly. The lack of electricity end-use data is even more profound in Latin America, where there are no public end-use datasets as far as the authors are concerned. Hence, we present the Residential Electricity End-use Demand Dataset of Costa Rica (REEDD-CR), containing the results of monitoring 51 Costa Rican households. The data set includes the aggregated and branch circuit measurements for every home with a sample time of 1 min for at least an entire week. The measurements were distributed all around the country. In addition, based on these sub-measurements, REEDD-CR includes a dataset of 197 load signatures composed of seven consumption and demand features for eight high-consuming appliances: refrigerator, stove, dryer, lighting, water heating, air conditioning, microwave, and washing machine. The features included on each load signature are average power, peak power, average daily events, average daily energy, day-use factor, night-use factor, and time of use. The single-appliance measurements used to calculate these load signatures are also part of the dataset. The release of REEDD-CR can serve as a tool for appliance modeling, demand disaggregation testing, feedback for energy demand models, and the overall upgrade of electricity supply and demand simulation studies with realistic and disaggregated data.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny (20-24 nucleotides long), non-coding, highly conserved RNA molecules that play a crucial role within the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via sequence-specific mechanisms. Since the miRNA transcriptome is involved in multiple molecular processes needed for cellular homeostasis, its altered expression can trigger the development and progression of several human pathologies. In this context, over the last few years, several relevant studies have demonstrated that dysregulated miRNAs affect a wide range of molecular mechanisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder. For instance, abnormal miRNA expression in IBS patients is related to the alteration of intestinal permeability, visceral hyperalgesia, inflammatory pathways, and pain sensitivity. Besides, specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different subtypes of IBS, and therefore, they might be used as biomarkers for precise diagnosis of these pathological conditions. Accordingly, miRNAs have noteworthy potential as theragnostic targets for IBS. Hence, in this current review, we present an overview of the recent discoveries regarding the clinical relevance of miRNAs in IBS, which might be useful in the future for the development of miRNA-based drugs against this disorder.
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Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , MicroRNAs , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/genética , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Limiar da Dor , HiperalgesiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Chagas disease (CD) treatment is commonly associated with a high incidence of adverse effects. It is crucial to study and update these adverse effects to improve the existing knowledge of which drugs to use and to clarify the information presented to patients. Methods: We analyzed the adverse effects of benznidazole in two cohorts of patients: a large retrospective study and a small prospective study. Results: This large retrospective study described the most and least common adverse effects in our area and characterized our Chagas disease population. This prospective study, along with a close follow-up of the treatment, detected more adverse effects and enhanced the patients' perception of the disease and treatment. Conclusions: This information is important for preventing non-medical-related withdrawals and for removing baseless fears. Better knowledge of patients could help us provide better care.
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Multiple comorbidities related to arsenic exposure through drinking water continue to be public problems worldwide, principally in chronically exposed populations, such as those in the Comarca Lagunera (CL), Mexico. In addition, this relationship could be exacerbated by an early life exposure through the placenta and later through breast milk. This study conducted a comparative analysis of arsenic levels in multiple biological samples from pregnant women and their neonates in the CL and the comparison region, Saltillo. Total arsenic levels in placenta, breast milk, blood, and urine were measured in pregnant women and their neonates from rural areas of seven municipalities of the CL using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation methodology. The average concentrations of tAs in drinking water were 47.7 µg/L and 0.05 µg/L in the exposed and non-exposed areas, respectively. Mean levels of tAs were 7.80 µg/kg, 77.04 µg/g-Cr, and 4.30 µg/L in placenta, blood, urine, and breast milk, respectively, in mothers, and 107.92 µg/g-Cr in neonates in the exposed group, which were significantly higher than those in the non-exposed area. High levels of urinary arsenic in neonates were maintained 4 days after birth, demonstrating an early arsenic exposure route through the placenta and breast milk. In addition, our study suggested that breastfeeding may reduce arsenic exposure in infants in arsenic-contaminated areas. Further studies are necessary to follow up on comorbidities later in life in neonates and to provide interventions in this region.
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Arsênio , Água Potável , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Água Potável/análise , Arsênio/análise , Leite Humano/química , Aleitamento Materno , Espectrofotometria Atômica , MéxicoRESUMO
Background: Osteocalcin plays a role in glucose metabolism in mice, but its relevance in human energetic metabolism is controversial. Its relationship with markers of energetic metabolism in the pediatric population has not been systematically addressed in infants and adolescents. Objective: This study aims to assess the mean differences between tOC, ucOC, and cOC among healthy children and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) and the correlation of these bone molecules with metabolic markers. Methods: A systematic review and metanalysis were performed following PRISMA criteria to identify relevant observational studies published in English and Spanish using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases. The risk of bias was assessed using New Castle-Ottawa scale. Effect size measures comprised standardized mean difference (SMD) and Pearson correlations. Heterogeneity and meta-regressions were performed. Results: The 20 studies included were of high quality and comprised 3,000 pediatric patients who underwent tOC, cOC, or ucOC measurements. Among healthy subjects, there was a positive correlation of ucOC with WC and weight, a positive correlation of tOC with FPG, HDL-c, WC, height, and weight, and a negative correlation between tOC and HbA1c. Among diabetic subjects, a negative correlation of ucOC with HbA1c and glycemia in both T1D and T2D was found and a negative correlation between tOC and HbA1c in T1D but not in T2D. The ucOC concentrations were lower in T2D, T1D, and patients with abnormal glucose status than among controls. The serum concentrations of tOC concentrations were lower among T1D than in controls. The patient's age, altitude, and HbA1c influenced the levels of serum tOC. Conclusion: Osteocalcin is involved in energy metabolism in pediatric subjects because it is consistently related to metabolic and anthropometric parameters. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42019138283.
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PURPOSE: This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of REs in a clinic from Aguascalientes, Mexico by analysing clinical records from the local public health system. Refractive errors (REs) are quite common globally, but no data have been published regarding their frequency in clinics from Mexico. A priori, the frequency of ametropias should be high as admixture ancestry from this region is mainly European and Amerindian, the regions with high prevalence worldwide. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2195 subjects from records of public optometry services during the year 2018. Information obtained included age, gender, sphere, cylinder and axis. The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism was determined by gender and age groups in paediatric and adult patients. Chi-square testing was applied to determine significant differences in prevalence across age groups and gender. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: In subjects under 18 years of age, the prevalence of emmetropia, astigmatism, myopia and hyperopia was 20.1%, 51.1%, 7.0% and 11.8%, respectively. In adults, emmetropia was present at a frequency of 20.1%, while 57.1% presented astigmatism, 12.4% hyperopia and 8.6% presented myopia. A significant association was observed between the presence of REs and age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In this first report of prevalence of REs from western Mexico, astigmatism was the most prevalent RE in children, adolescents and adults while the least common was myopia. Important differences were found in prevalence in comparison to national and international reports.
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Astigmatismo , Hiperopia , Erros de Refração , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Erros de Refração/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had infected more than 3.5M people around the world and more than 250K people died in 187 countries by May 2020. The causal agent of this disease is a coronavirus whose onset of symptoms to death range from 6 to 41 days with a median of 14 days. This period is dependent on several factors such as the presence of comorbidities, age and the efficiency of the innate or adaptive immune responses. METHODS: The effector mechanisms of both types of immune responses depend on the pathogen involved. In the case of a viral infection, the innate immune response may approach the harmful virus through pattern recognition receptors inducing an antiviral state. RESULTS: On the other hand, the adaptive immune response activates antibody production to neutralize or eliminate the virus. Phenolics are plant secondary metabolites with many biological activities for plants and humans against infection. Chemical modification of proteins may enhance their biological properties; thus, a protein of medical interest, for instance, a viral protein can be used as a scaffold to build a biopharmaceutical conjugated or complexated with phenolics exhibiting structural complexity or biological activities to achieve effective phenolic-protein-based therapeutics like vaccine adjuvant complexes, immunogen conjugates, and antiviral conjugates. CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical biotechnology applies the principles of biotechnology to develop biopharmaceuticals for protein-based therapeutics; such as adjuvants, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and antivirals. As neither a vaccine nor a treatment for COVID-19 is currently available, this manuscript focuses on insights from pharmaceutical biotechnology into phenolic biopharmaceuticals against COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Vacinas , Biotecnologia , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causal agent of amoebiasis, a worldwide emerging disease. Amebic brain abscess is a form of invasive amebiasis that is both rare and frequently lethal. This condition always begins with the infection of the colon by E. histolytica trophozoites, which subsequently travel through the bloodstream to extraintestinal tissues. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 71-year-old female who reported an altered state of consciousness, disorientation, sleepiness and memory loss. She had no history of hepatic or intestinal amoebiasis. A preliminary diagnosis of colloidal vesicular phase neurocysticercosis was made based on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). A postsurgery immunofluorescence study was positive for the 140 kDa fibronectin receptor of E. histolytica, although a serum analysis by ELISA was negative for IgG antibodies against this parasite. A specific E. histolytica 128 bp rRNA gene was identified by PCR in biopsy tissue. The final diagnosis was cerebral amoebiasis. The patient underwent neurosurgery to eliminate amoebic abscesses and was then given a regimen of metronidazole, ceftriaxone and dexamethasone for 4 weeks after the neurosurgery. However, a rapid decline in her condition led to death. CONCLUSIONS: The present case of an individual with a rare form of cerebral amoebiasis highlights the importance of performing immunofluorescence, NMRI and PCR if a patient has brain abscess and a poorly defined diagnosis. Moreover, the administration of corticosteroids to such patients can often lead to a rapid decline in their condition.
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Abscesso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Abscesso Encefálico/parasitologia , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Entamebíase/diagnóstico , Idoso , Animais , Abscesso Encefálico/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Encefálico/cirurgia , Ceftriaxona/administração & dosagem , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Entamoeba histolytica/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/imunologia , Entamoeba histolytica/isolamento & purificação , Entamebíase/tratamento farmacológico , Entamebíase/patologia , Entamebíase/cirurgia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcers and it has been associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). One of the more remarkable characteristics of H. pylori is its ability to survive in the hostile environment of the stomach. H. pylori regulates the expression of specific sets of genes allowing it to survive high acidity levels and nutrient scarcity. In the present study, we determined the expression of virulence associated protein D (VapD) of H. pylori inside adenocarcinoma gastric (AGS) cells and in gastric biopsies. Using qRT-PCR, VapD expression was quantified in intracellular H. pylori-AGS cell cultures at different time points and in gastric mucosa biopsies from patients suffering from chronic atrophic gastritis, follicular gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastritis precancerous intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. Our results show that vapD of H. pylori presented high transcription levels inside AGS cells, which increased up to two-fold above basal values across all assays over time. Inside AGS cells, H. pylori acquired a coccoid form that is metabolically active in expressing VapD as a protection mechanism, thereby maintaining its permanence in a viable non-cultivable state. VapD of H. pylori was expressed in all gastric biopsies, however, higher expression levels (p = 0.029) were observed in gastric antrum biopsies from patients with follicular gastritis. The highest VapD expression levels were found in both antrum and corpus gastric biopsies from older patients (>57 years old). We observed that VapD in H. pylori is a protein that is only produced in response to interactions with eukaryotic cells. Our results suggest that VapD contributes to the persistence of H. pylori inside the gastric epithelial cells, protecting the microorganism from the intracellular environment, reducing its growth rate, enabling long-term infection and treatment resistance.
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Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Gastrite Atrófica/etiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Estômago/microbiologia , Estômago/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/microbiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia , Técnicas de Cocultura/métodos , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite Atrófica/microbiologia , Gastrite Atrófica/patologia , Gastroscopia/métodos , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Intestinos/patologia , Masculino , Metaplasia/microbiologia , Metaplasia/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Péptica/metabolismo , Úlcera Péptica/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/etiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/microbiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Antro Pilórico/microbiologia , Antro Pilórico/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Virulência/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In recent decades and because of migration, Chagas disease has become a global public health problem. A significant focus has been placed on pregnant women who can transmit the disease to their offspring. Here, we report four cases of women who did not know that they were pregnant while they were being treated with benznidazole. A diagnosis was established according to serology and Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-standardized tests. Treatment was discontinued when pregnancy was confirmed, and a thorough follow-up was carried out. Although each case was different, none of the mothers developed health problems during pregnancy, and their newborns were delivered without any teratogenic effects.
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Doença de Chagas/complicações , Nitroimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Bolívia , Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/parasitologia , Nitroimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Tripanossomicidas/efeitos adversos , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of glutamine and arginine has shown several advantages in postoperative outcomes in patients after gastrointestinal surgery. We determined the effects of its use in patients with enterocutaneous fistula after operative treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with enterocutaneous fistula were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group received the standard medical care while the patients of the experimental group were supplemented with enteral administration of 4.5 g of arginine and 10 g of glutamine per day for 7 days prior to the surgery. The primary outcome variable was the recurrence of the fistula and the secondary outcomes were preoperative and postoperative serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein and postoperative infectious complications. RESULTS: Twenty patients were assigned to each group. The fistula recurred in two patients (10%) of the experimental group and in nine patients (45%) of the control group (P < 0.001). We found a total of 13 infectious complications in six patients of the control group (all with fistula recurrence) and none in the experimental group. Mean preoperative serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein were lower in patients from the experimental group. In addition, these levels were lower in patients who had recurrence if compared to patients that did not recur. CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of oral arginine and glutamine could be valuable in the postoperative recovery of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas submitted to definitive surgery.
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Arginina/administração & dosagem , Fístula Cutânea/cirurgia , Glutamina/administração & dosagem , Fístula Intestinal/cirurgia , Administração Oral , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Fístula Cutânea/sangue , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Fístula Intestinal/sangue , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , RecidivaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Thromboelastometry evaluates viscoelastic changes in the coagulation process. It offers a graphic representation of the formation of the coagulum, its stability and the presence of lysis. OBJECTIVE: This first case of transfusion management guided by thromboelastography in Mexico and we conducted a review of the literature. METHOD: A metasearch search was performed (PubMed, Scielo, Medigraphic) with the words thromboelastometry, coagulopathy, transfusion medicine and the most influential works were included. CONCLUSIONS: The rotational thromboelastometry is a diagnostic tool that graphs the functionality of the clot, for a directed and individualized management of the coagulopathy associated with bleeding.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La tromboelastometría evalúa los cambios viscoelásticos en el proceso de coagulación. Ofrece una representación gráfica de la formación del coágulo, su estabilidad y la presencia de lisis. OBJETIVO: Se notifica el primer caso de manejo transfusional guiado por tromboelastografía en México con revisión de la bibliografía. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda en metabuscadores (PubMed, Scielo, Medigraphic) con las palabras tromboelastometría, coagulopatía y medicina transfusional y se incluyeron los trabajos más influyentes. CONCLUSIONES: La tromboelastometría rotacional es una herramienta diagnóstica que grafica la funcionalidad del coágulo para un manejo dirigido e individualizado de la coagulopatía relacionada con hemorragia.
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Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Choque/terapia , Tromboelastografia/métodos , Tempo de Coagulação do Sangue Total/métodos , Adolescente , Afibrinogenemia/tratamento farmacológico , Afibrinogenemia/etiologia , Plaquetas/fisiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Soluções Cristaloides/administração & dosagem , Emergências , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/métodos , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/uso terapêutico , Humanos , México , Plasma , Choque/etiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/complicações , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/cirurgiaRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: Pacientes sometidos a cirugías cardiotorácicas requieren atención postquirúrgica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, un inadecuado manejo postquirúrgico incide negativamente en la evolución e incrementa el riesgo de complicaciones orgánicas. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de infección de vías respiratorias inferiores e identificación de microorganismos en pacientes postquirúrgicos de cirugía cardiovascular. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, durante el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Se revisaron 147 expedientes, donde 47% fueron mujeres y 53% hombres, edad promedio: 53.70 ± 15.70 años. Diagnóstico de ingreso, predominó la estenosis aórtica severa en 29.93% de los casos. La cirugía más realizada fue cambio valvular aórtico (40.82%). Microorganismos aislados: 76.87% de los cultivos fueron negativos; staphylococcus epidermidis sobresalió con 4.76%. La sensibilidad antibiótica fue: nitrofurantoína 26.47%, trimetoprim con sulfametoxazol 11.76, y 8.82% levofloxacino, respectivamente. La evolución de los pacientes, 90.50% fue buen pronóstico; en el caso de las complicaciones, 64.63% no las presentó. Conclusión: La presencia de infecciones respiratorias inferiores y su resistencia antibiótica en pacientes postoperados de cirugía cardiovascular, representa una problemática mundial, y afecta su adecuada evolución debido a la falla de tratamientos en las Áreas de Cuidados Intensivos.
Abstract: Introduction: Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery require post-surgical care in the Intensive Care Unit, an inadequate postoperative management has a negative impact on the patient's recovery and increases the probability of presenting organic complications. Objective: To determine the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection and identification of microorganisms in postsurgical patients of cardiovascular surgery. Material and methods: This is a descriptive, observational, transversal and retrospective study. The period covered was from January to December 2017. Results: 147 cases were reviewed, where 47% corresponded to women and 53% to men, with an average age of 53.70 ± 15.70 years. Regarding the diagnosis of admission, severe aortic stenosis predominated, registering 29.93% of the cases. The surgery that was most performed was the aortic valve change (40.82%). Regarding the isolation of microorganisms, 76.87% of the patients were negative or not performed; however, Staphylococcus epidermidis stood out with 4.76%. Of the patients who were positive for isolation, 26.47% were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, 11.76% to trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, and 8.82% to fluconazole and levofloxacin, respectively. Regarding the evolution of patients, 90.50% had a good prognosis; in the case of complications, 64.63% did not present any. Conclusion: The presence of lower respiratory infections in patients postoperated by cardiovascular surgery, combined with resistance by administered antibiotics, represents a global problem, and that significantly affects the efficient medical attention due to the failure of treatments in the Intensive Care Areas.
Resumo: Introdução: Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiotorácica necessitam de cuidados pós-cirúrgicos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, uma conduta pós-operatória inadequada tem impacto negativo na recuperação do paciente e aumenta a probabilidade de apresentar complicações orgânicas. Objetivo: Determinar a incidência de infecção do trato respiratório inferior e identificação de microrganismos em pacientes pós-cirúrgicos de cirurgia cardiovascular. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal e retrospectivo. O período abrangido foi de janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: Foram revistos 147 casos, onde 47% correspondiam a mulheres e 53% a homens, com média de idade de 53,70 ± 15,70 anos. Em relação ao diagnóstico de internação, predominou estenose aórtica grave, registrando 29,93% dos casos. A cirurgia mais realizada foi a troca da valva aórtica (40,82%). Em relação ao isolamento de microrganismos, 76,87% dos pacientes foram negativos ou não realizaram; no entanto, Staphylococcus epidermidis destacou-se com 4,76%. Dos pacientes que foram positivos para o isolamento, 26,47% eram sensíveis à nitrofurantoína, 11,76% à trimetoprima com sulfametoxazol e 8,82% ao fluconazol e à levofloxacina, respectivamente. Em relação à evolução dos pacientes, 90,50% tiveram um bom prognóstico; no caso de complicações, 64,63% não apresentaram nenhuma. Conclusão: A presença de infecções respiratórias inferiores em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiovascular, combinada à resistência por antibióticos administrados, representa um problema global e que afeta significativamente o atendimento médico eficiente devido ao insucesso dos tratamentos nas áreas de Terapia Intensiva.
RESUMO
La presión intracraneal elevada es una complicación devastadora de la lesión neurológica, que puede complicar el trauma, los tumores del sistema nervioso central, la hidrocefalia, la encefalopatía hepática y el flujo venoso del SNC alterado. El adecuado tratamiento consta de un rápido reconocimiento, utilizar material de monitoreo neurológico invasivo y su manejo para reducir la hipertensión intracraneal y sus múltiples causas subyacente. A continuación presentamos una revisión de sus principales características y principios de abordaje diagnóstico-terapéutico
Intracranial pressure is a devastating complication of neurological damage, which can complicate trauma, central nervous system disorders, hydrocephalus, hepatic encephalopathy, and altered CNS venous flow. The appropriate treatment consists of a rapid recognition, the use of an invasive neurological system and its management to reduce intracranial hypertension and its multiple underlying causes. Below we present a review of its main characteristics and principles of diagnostic-therapeutic approach.