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Introduction: The intricate relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression underscores a significant public health challenge. Obesity is strongly linked to the onset of several health conditions, including arterial hypertension (AHTN), metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Understanding the connection between CKD and obesity is crucial for addressing their complex interplay in public health strategies. Objective: This research aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD in a population with high obesity rates and evaluate the associated metabolic risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 we included 3,901 participants of both sexes aged ≥20 years who were selected from primary healthcare medical units of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in Michoacan, Mexico. We measured the participants' weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, and uric acid. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate using the Collaborative Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation. Results: Among the population studied, 50.6% were women and 49.4% were men, with a mean age of 49 years (range: 23-90). The prevalence of CKD was 21.9%. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD included age ≥60 years (OR = 11.70, 95% CI [9.83-15.93]), overweight (OR = 4.19, 95% CI [2.88-6.11]), obesity (OR = 13.31, 95% CI [11.12-15.93]), abdominal obesity (OR = 9.25, 95% CI [7.13-11.99]), AHTN (OR = 20.63, 95% CI [17.02-25.02]), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (OR = 2.73, 95% CI [2.31-3.23]), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR = 14.30, 95% CI [11.14-18.37]), total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL (OR = 6.04, 95% CI [5.11-7.14]), triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dL (OR = 5.63, 95% CI 4.76-6.66), HDL-c <40 mg/dL (OR = 4.458, 95% CI [3.74-5.31]), LDL-c ≥130 mg/dL (OR = 6.06, 95% CI [5.12-7.18]), and serum uric acid levels ≥6 mg/dL in women and ≥7 mg/dL in men (OR = 8.18, 95% CI [6.92-9.68]), (p < 0.0001). These factors independently contribute to the development of CKD. Conclusions: This study underscores the intricate relationship between obesity and CKD, revealing a high prevalence of CKD. Obesity, including overweight, abdominal obesity, AHTN, IFG, T2D, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia emerged as significant metabolic risk factors for CKD. Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for effective intervention strategies. Public health policies should integrate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to address obesity-related conditions and prevent kidney damage directly.

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Overweight and obesity have become a world-health public problem, mainly for developing countries. Both health conditions have a higher prevalence among women of childbearing age. Physiopathology, overweight and obesity are characterized by a chronic oxidative stress status, which has deleterious effects on mothers and children. Hence, we determine whether the qualities of diet during pregnancy and maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased oxidative stress markers in mothers and newborns. Two hundred forty-two (242) mother-newborn pairs were classified according to their pregestational BMI. Information on food intake was collected using a food frequency questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) were measured in plasma from mothers at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy and from cord blood at birth. MDA and NO levels in mother-newborn pairs with maternal pregestational overweight or obesity were higher than in mother-newborn pairs with pregestational normal weight. For women (and newborns) who had a higher intake of fruit and vegetables, the levels of NO and MDA were lower. Lastly, women with pregestational obesity had lower fruit and vegetable intake during pregnancy and higher levels of oxidative stress and in their newborns.

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BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-ß pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups, SHAM and KA, and two experimental groups, MO (KA-MO) and Celecoxib (KA-Clbx). The anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP, respectively. RESULTS: KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-ß and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post-treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30, similar to Clbx. CONCLUSION: The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging.

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Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a pathophysiological mechanism of drug-resistant epilepsy, but little is known about the relationship between OS markers and clinical parameters, such as the number of drugs, age onset of seizure and frequency of seizures per month. The current study’s aim was to evaluate several oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in 18 drug-resistant partial complex seizure (DRPCS) patients compared to a control group (age and sex matched), and the results were related to clinical variables. We examined malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nitric oxide (NO), uric acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, vitamin C, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine (3-NT). All markers except 4-HNE and 3-NT were studied by spectrophotometry. The expressions of 4-HNE and 3-NT were evaluated by Western blot analysis. MDA levels in patients were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.0001) while AOPP levels were similar to the control group. AGEs, NO and uric acid concentrations were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.004, p ≤ 0.005, p ≤ 0.0001, respectively). Expressions of 3-NT and 4-HNE were increased (p ≤ 0.005) similarly to SOD activity (p = 0.0001), whereas vitamin C was considerably diminished (p = 0.0001). Glutathione levels were similar to the control group. There was a positive correlation between NO and MDA with the number of drugs. The expression of 3-NT was positively related with the frequency of seizures per month. There was a negative relationship between MDA and age at onset of seizures, as well as vitamin C with seizure frequency/month. We detected an imbalance in the redox state in patients with DRCPS, supporting oxidative stress as a relevant mechanism in this pathology. Thus, it is apparent that some oxidant and antioxidant parameters are closely linked with clinical variables.

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Salivary hypofunction caused by salivary gland disease, medication, or radiation may predispose for secondary oral mucosal disease. In these patients the protective coating of saliva is reduced or absent, leaving the oral mucosa more vulnerable. Candidiasis, burning mouth syndrome, and white lesions of oral mucosa are increased in frequency. The aim of management is to prevent oral pathological changes. The management procedure may include proper oral hygiene, saliva-stimulating agents, or saliva substitutes, depending on the severity of the salivary dysfunction. Treatment includes antifungal therapy if fungal infection appears. In severely distressed patients, local or systemic corticosteroids may be indicated. Precautions like refraining from smoking and avoid agents with detergents. Some antiinflammatory agents could be help.

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BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation have the ability to alter reversibly or irreversibly the cellular function in humans. It has been proposed that the ROS alters the biochemistry and the physiology of the sperm. On the other hand, the antioxidative mechanisms could protect the sperms from the damage produced by free radicals. AIM: To determine the normal values for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) in the seminal liquid of healthy humans. PROCEDURES: Semen samples from 45 healthy men (22 to 47 years of age) were studied. The samples were obtained by masturbation and were collected in conical sterile tubes. Once centrifuged at 4 degrees C they were divided in aliquots to measure the concentration of SOD, GPx, MDA, and NOx. The analysis of the samples was realized in conformity with biochemical widely accepted methods. RESULTS: The concentrations of SOD and MDA both in the seminal liquid and in the spermatozoids were similar, SOD 0.43 +/- 0.09 U/mg prot. in the seminal liquid and 0.45 +/- 0.07 U/ mg prot. in spermatozoids, and MDA 0.33 +/- 0.07 nmoles/mg prot. and 0.37 +/- 0.10 nmoles/mg prot. in the seminal liquid and spermatozoids respectively. With regard to GPx it increased almost 13 times more in the spermatozoids (2547.77 +/- 48.59 U/mg prot.) than in the seminal liquid (197.54 +/-25.21 U/mg prot.). The NOx also increased lightly in the spermatozoids (4.45 +/- 0.43 Apmol) when compared with the seminal liquid (3.91 +/- 0.16 pumol). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of the antioxidative and oxidative agents could serve to evaluate human infertility in those cases where the result of the spematobioscopy appears normal.

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Background. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation have the ability to alter reversibly or irreversibly the cellular function in humans. It has been proposed that the ROS alters the biochemistry and the physiology of the sperm. On the other hand, the antioxidative mechanisms could protect the sperms from the damage produced by free radicals. Aim. To determine the normal values for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) in the seminal liquid of healthy humans. Procedures. Semen samples from 45 healthy men (22 to 47 years of age) were studied. The samples were obtained by masturbation and were collected in conical sterile tubes. Once centrifuged at 4 °C they were divided in aliquots to measure the concentration of SOD, GPx, MDA, and NOx. The analysis of the samples was realized in conformity with biochemical widely accepted methods. Results. The concentrations of SOD and MDA both in the seminal liquid and in the spermatozoids were similar, SOD 0.43 ± 0.09 U/mg prot. in the seminal liquid and 0.45 ± 0.07 U/ mg prot. in spermatozoids, and MDA 0.33 ± 0.07 nmoles/mg prot. and 0.37 ± 0.10 nmoles/mg prot. in the seminal liquid and spermatozoids respectively. With regard to GPx it increased almost 13 times more in the spermatozoids (2547.77 ± 48.59 U/mg prot.) than in the seminal liquid (197.54 ± 25.21 U/mg prot.). The NOx also increased lightly in the spermatozoids (4.45 ± 0.43 /imol) when compared with the seminal liquid (3.91 ± 0.16 /imol). Conclusions. The measurement of the antioxidative and oxidative agents could serve to evaluate human infertility in those cases where the result of the spematobioscopy appears normal.

Antecedentes. Las especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO), tienen la capacidad de alterar reversible o irreversiblemente la función celular. Se ha propuesto que las ERO modifican la bioquímica y la fisiología del espermatozoide. Por otro lado, los mecanismos antioxidativos pudieran proteger a los espermatozoides del daño producido por las ERO. Objetivo. Determinar los valores normales para el superóxido dismutasa (SOD), glutatión peroxidasa (GPx), malondialdehído (MDA) y óxido nítrico (NOx) en el líquido seminal y espermatozoides de humanos sanos. Procedimientos. Se estudiaron 45 muestras de semen de sujetos aparentemente sanos. Las muestras se obtuvieron por masturbación y se colectaron en tubos estériles. Una vez centrifugadas, se fraccionaron en alícuotas para medir la concentración de SOD, GPx, MDA y NOx. El análisis de las muestras se realizó conforme a métodos bioquímicos ampliamente aceptados. Resultados. Las concentraciones de SOD y MDA en el líquido seminal como en los espermatozoides fueron similares (SOD 0.43 ± 0.09 en semen y 0.45 ± .07 U/mg prot. en espermatozoides, y MDA 0.33 ± .07 y 0.37 ± 0.10 nmoles/mg prot. en líquido seminal y espermatozoides, respectivamente. Con respecto a la GPx, está aumentada casi 13 veces más en los espermatozoides (2547.77 ± 48.59 U/mg prot.) que en el líquido seminal (197.54 ± 25.21 U/mg prot.), el NOx también se incrementa ligeramente en los espermatozoides (4.45 ± 0.43 µmol) cuando se compara con el líquido seminal (3.91 ± 0.16 µmol). Conclusiones. La medición de los antioxidantes y oxidantes pudieran servir para evaluar la infertilidad humana en aquellos casos donde los resultados de la espermatobioscopia aparezcan como normales.

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