RESUMO
The goal of this study was to quantify the adverse (phosphorus, protein, sodium, potassium and cholesterol) and beneficial [n-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); vitamins D(3) and E] nutrients in 14 fish species in order to evaluate their inclusion in chronic kidney disease (CKD) diets. Using AOAC methods, we obtained the following results per 100 g of fish: 50.86-227.52 mg phosphorus, 14.7-30.6 g protein and 3.83-1667.35 mg EPA+DHA. CKD patients with protein or phosphorus restrictions should avoid broadbill swordfish, black bullhead and spotted scorpionfish. However, patients may include parrot sand bass, black bullhead, broadbill swordfish, longjaw leatherjacket, oilfish, Atlantic tripletail, spotted scorpionfish and round herring in their diets based on the (P)/(EPA+DHA) ratios of these fish. Some fish species may be included in CKD diets because of their high biological value protein content - associated with cardiovascular and renal protective nutrients (EPA+DHA) - and low P, Na, K and cholesterol content, their consumption by CKD patients should be encouraged.
Assuntos
Dieta , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Peixes , Falência Renal Crônica/dietoterapia , Fósforo/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Colesterol na Dieta/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Peixes/classificação , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Potássio/análise , Sódio/análise , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of the infantile population in rural Mexico, compare it with previous data and situate the most affected areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 38,232 families, from 855 randomly selected communities. Anthropometry was obtained from 31,601 children under five years of age and analysis was performed considering the reference values of weight/age, weight/height and height/age. RESULTS: Overall malnutrition affects 42.7 of children according to weight/age indicator (CI = 1.9%). Moderate and severe malnutrition 22 years ago was 17.4% and now these affect 19.3%. Further data show that 55.9% are malnourished according to height/age, and 18.9% according to weight/height. CONCLUSIONS: The ENAL 96 shows that malnutrition is still a severe national problem which has not improved in the last 22 years. The areas of highest prevalence are the southern states which have mostly Indian population.