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Infections are still a major cause of morbi-mortality in patients with cancer. Some of these infections are preventable through specific measures, such as vaccination or prophylaxis. This guideline aims to summarize the evidence and recommendations for the prevention of infections in cancer patients, devoting special attention to the most prevalent preventable infectious disease. All the evidences will be graded according to The Infectious Diseases Society of America grading system.

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We conducted a retrospective observational study in patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who received medical care in 688 COVID-19 ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico City between 24 February 2020 and 24 December 2020, to study if the elderly seek medical care later than younger patients and their severity of symptoms at initial medical evaluation. Patients were categorised into eight groups (<20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years). Symptoms at initial evaluation were classified according to a previously validated classification into respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Comparisons between time from symptom onset to medical care for every age category were performed through variance analyses. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the risk of presenting symptoms of severity according to age, and mortality risk according to delays in medical care. In total, 286 020 patients were included (mean age: 42.8, s.d.: 16.8 years; 50.4% were women). Mean time from symptom onset to medical care was 4.04 (s.d.: 3.6) days and increased with older age categories (P < 0.0001). Mortality risk increased by 6.4% for each day of delay in medical care from symptom onset. The risk of presenting with the symptoms of severity was greater with increasing age categories. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with increasing ages tend to seek medical care later, with higher rates of symptoms of severity at initial presentation in both ambulatory units and hospitals.

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Conflicting results have been obtained through meta-analyses for the role of obesity as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), possibly due to the inclusion of predominantly multimorbid patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we aimed to study obesity alone or in combination with other comorbidities as a risk factor for short-term all-cause mortality and other adverse outcomes in Mexican patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 in ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico. We performed a retrospective observational analysis in a national cohort of 71 103 patients from all 32 states of Mexico from the National COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance Study. Two statistical models were applied through Cox regression to create survival models and logistic regression models to determine risk of death, hospitalisation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pneumonia and admission to an intensive care unit, conferred by obesity and other comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease). Models were adjusted for other risk factors. From 24 February to 26 April 2020, 71 103 patients were evaluated for suspected COVID-19; 15 529 (21.8%) had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2; 46 960 (66.1%), negative and 8614 (12.1%), pending results. Obesity alone increased adjusted mortality risk in positive patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-2.98), but not in negative and pending-result patients. Obesity combined with other comorbidities further increased risk of death (DM: HR = 2.79, 95% CI 2.04-3.80; immunosuppression: HR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.26-11.41; hypertension: HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.77-3.01) and other adverse outcomes. In conclusion, obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and critical illness in Mexican patients with COVID-19; risk increases when obesity is present with other comorbidities.

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Most of the existing prediction models for COVID-19 lack validation, are inadequately reported or are at high risk of bias, a reason which has led to discourage their use. Few existing models have the potential to be extensively used by healthcare providers in low-resource settings since many require laboratory and imaging predictors. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate a multivariable prediction model of death in Mexican patients with COVID-19, by using demographic and patient history predictors. We conducted a national retrospective cohort study in two different sets of patients from the Mexican COVID-19 Epidemiologic Surveillance Study. Patients with a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and complete unduplicated data were eligible. In total, 83 779 patients were included to develop the scoring system through a multivariable Cox regression model; 100 000, to validate the model. Eight predictors (age, sex, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity and chronic kidney disease) were included in the scoring system called PH-Covid19 (range of values: -2 to 25 points). The predictive model has a discrimination of death of 0.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.796-0.804). The PH-Covid19 scoring system was developed and validated in Mexican patients to aid clinicians to stratify patients with COVID-19 at risk of fatal outcomes, allowing for better and efficient use of resources.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and impact of gene-expression assays (GEAs) on treatment decisions in a real-world setting of early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) patients. METHODS: This is a regional, prospective study promoted by the Council Health Authorities in Madrid. Enrolment was offered to women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, node-negative or micrometastatic, stage I or II breast cancer from 21 hospitals in Madrid. Treatment recommendations were recorded before and after knowledge of tests results. An economic model compared the cost-effectiveness of treatment, guided by GEAs or by common prognostic factors. RESULTS: 907 tests (440 Oncotype DX® and 467 MammaPrint®) were performed between February 2012 and November 2014. Treatment recommendation changed in 42.6% of patients. The shift was predominantly from chemohormonal (CHT) to hormonal therapy (HT) alone, in 30.5% of patients. GEAs increased patients' confidence in treatment decision making. Tumor grade, progesterone receptor positivity and Ki67 expression were associated with the likelihood of change from CHT to HT (P < 0.001) and from HT to CHT (P < 0.001). Compared with current clinical practice genomic testing increased quality-adjusted life years by 0.00787 per patient and was cost-saving from a national health care system (by 13.867€ per patient) and from a societal perspective (by 32.678€ per patient). CONCLUSION: Using GEAs to guide adjuvant therapy in ESBC is cost-effective in Spain and has a significant impact on treatment decisions.

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BACKGROUND: Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) and related paralytics shellfish toxins has been successfully used as local anesthetic and muscle relaxants to treat a variety of ailments. The primary mechanism of action of these toxins occurs by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels with compounds such as TTX, lidocaine, or derivatives. However, most of these non-classical sodium channel blockers act with a reduced time effect as well as ensuing neurotoxicity. NEW METHOD: In this report, we show that the use of local NeoSTX injections inactivates the hippocampal neuronal activity reversibly with a by long-term dynamics, without neuronal damage. RESULTS: A single 10 ng/µl injection of NeoSTX in the dorsal CA1 region abolished for up to 48 h memory capacities and neuronal activity measured by the neuronal marker c-fos. After 72 h of toxin injection, the animals fully recover their memory capacities and hippocampal neuronal activity. The histological inspection of NeoSTX injected brain regions revealed no damage to the tissue or reactive gliosis, similar to vehicle injection. Acute electrophysiological recording in vivo shows, also, minimal spreading of the NeoSTX in the cerebral tissue. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Intracerebral NeoSTX injection showed longer effects than other voltage sodium channel blocker, with minimal spreading and no neuronal damage. CONCLUSION: NeoSTX is a new useful tool that reversibly inactivates different brains region for a long time, with minimal diffusion and without neuronal damage. Moreover, NeoSTX can be used as a valuable sodium channel blocker for many studies in vivo and with potential therapeutic uses.

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ABSTRACT: This paper presents the analysis of human gait of three young adults under several walking conditions similar to those in real life. The aim is to evaluate how the human gait varies when different walking conditions are considered. In order to evaluate the human gait variations under different walking conditions, first a 3D computer visión system to reconstruct human gaits is developed and presented. Then, a set of kinematic gait parameters is defined in order to analyse the different gait patterns. Finally, several experiments are conducted with three normal Young adults walking under different real-life conditions, such as ascending a slope walk, no arm-swing walk, carrying a front load walk, carrying a lateral load walk, fast walk and high-heel shoes walk. The results has shown that the human gait pattern vary according to the walking conditions, being the most common variation a slower walk with shorter steps than the normal walk. Since the aim of the paper is to identify and evaluate human gait variations under different walking conditions, only three subjects were considered in the study. However, in order to provide more precise and standard results the number of subjects must be increased considering different age, height, sex, weight, and health conditions of the participants. Human walking patterns are very important for medical diagnosis and orthopedics, pathological and aging evaluation, medical rehabilitation, and design of rehabilitation systems, human prosthesis and humanoid robots. However, most of the research work in the literature has been primarily focused on the analysis of gait patterns under normal walking conditions. This fact has led to a limited knowledge of the human gait patterns since real-life walking conditions are diverse, e.g. walking carrying a load. This paper presents the analysis of human gait of three young adults under walking conditions similar to those in real life. Human gait patterns vary with the walking conditions, which must be considered during the analysis, evaluation and diagnosis of gait performance, or during the design process of prostheses or rehabilitation systems.

RESUMEN: En este artículo se presenta el análisis del patrón de caminado de tres adultos jóvenes bajo diversas condiciones de caminado tal como se presentan en la vida real. El objetivo es determinar la variación del patrón de caminado cuando se tienen diferentes condiciones de caminado. Con el propósito de evaluar la variación del patrón de caminado bajo diversas condiciones de caminado, primero se desarrolla y presenta un sistema de visión por computadora para la reconstrucción 3D de las trayectorias del caminado humano. Posteriormente se define un conjunto de parámetros cinemáticos de caminado para analizar los diferentes patrones de caminado. Finalmente se realiza una serie de experimentos con tres adultos jóvenes a los cuales se les pidió caminar bajo diferentes condiciones como en la vida real, tales como caminar subiendo una pendiente, caminar sin braceo, caminar sosteniendo una carga la frente, caminar sosteniendo una carga lateral, caminar rápido y caminar con zapato de tacón alto. Los resultados han demostrado que el patrón de caminado humano varía de acuerdo a las condiciones del caminado, siendo una de las variaciones más comunes un caminado más lento con pasos más cortos que el caminado normal. Debido a que el objetivo del trabajo es identificar y evaluar variaciones del patrón de caminado bajo diversas condiciones, solamente se consideraron tres sujetos de estudio. Sin embargo, para proporcionar resultados más precisos y normalizados el tamaño de la muestra debe incrementarse considerando diferentes edades, estaturas, sexo, peso, y condiciones de salud de los participantes. Los patrones del caminado humano son muy importantes para el diagnóstico médico y ortopédico, las evaluaciones patológicas y de envejecimiento, la rehabilitación médica, y el diseño de sistemas de rehabilitación, prótesis humanas y robots humanoides. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los trabajos de investigación reportados en la literatura se han enfocado principalmente en el análisis del patrón de caminado humano bajo condiciones normales de caminado. Estos estudios del caminado humano han dado lugar a un conocimiento limitado debido a que las condiciones del caminado en la vida real son diversas, por ejemplo caminar con una carga. Este trabajo presenta el análisis del patrón de caminado de tres adultos jóvenes bajo diversas condiciones de caminado similares a la vida real. El patrón de caminado humano varía de acuerdo a las condiciones de caminado, lo cual debe ser considerado durante en análisis, evaluación y diagnóstico del desempeño de caminado, o durante el proceso de diseño de prótesis o sistemas de rehabilitación.

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We aim to study the educational impact of a clinical anatomy workshop in 1st-year orthopedic and rheumatology fellows. First-year rheumatology fellows (N = 17) and a convenience sample of 1st-year orthopedic fellows (N = 14) from Mexico City in the 9th month of training participated in the study. The pre- and the post- workshop tests included the same 20 questions that had to be answered by identification or demonstration of relevant anatomical items. The questions, arranged by anatomical regions, were asked in five dynamic stations. Overall, the 31 participants showed an increase of correct answers, from a median of 6 (range 1 to 12) in the pre-workshop test, to a median of 14 (range 7 to 19) in the post-workshop test. In the pre-workshop test, the correct median answers were 7 (range 2 to 12) in the orthopedic fellows and 5 (range 1 to 10) in the rheumatology fellows (p = 0.297). Corresponding scores in the post-workshop were 15 (range 10 to 19) and 12 (range 7 to 18) (p = 0.026) showing a significant difference favoring the orthopedic group. Our clinical anatomy workshop was efficacious, in the short term, as a teaching instrument for 1st-year orthopedic and rheumatology fellows. The post-workshop scores, although significantly improved in both groups, particularly in the orthopedic fellows, were still suboptimal. Further refinements of our workshop might yield better results.

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Introducción: En la actualidad, la cirugía de recambio articular de cadera y rodilla es un procedimiento común en centros ortopédicos. Sin embargo, sabemos que este tipo de cirugía tiene vigencia y requiere procedimientos de revisión. Estos últimos generalmente conllevan complicaciones importantes como la pérdida de hueso que puede llegar a comprometer la estabilidad de los implantes. Métodos: Se realizaron tres revisiones de artroplastía tanto de cadera como de rodilla que han requerido el reemplazo total del fémur y de las articulaciones involucradas en el período comprendido del 2006 al 2011. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la experiencia con estos implantes en cirugía de revisión de artroplastía. Resultados: El protocolo de manejo del postoperatorio fue estandarizado para todos y cada uno de los pacientes, requirieron manejo mediante desbridamientos y antibioticoterapia específica. Evidenciaron mejora significativa en el puntaje de la escala visual análoga del dolor (8-2.3 puntos p < 0.05) y funcional con la escala de valoración de WOMAC (21.6 preoperatorio a 55 puntos p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El reemplazo femoral total es un procedimiento quirúrgico de salvamento poco frecuente, demandante y complejo, que representa una alternativa ante la desarticulación de la extremidad pélvica en la etapa final de la enfermedad protésica. Se trata de una opción factible de realizar para mejorar la funcionalidad del paciente y disminuir la discapacidad residual para la realización de actividades de manera independiente.

Introduction: Currently hip and knee joint replacement were performed frequently at orthopedic centers. However, these surgeries do not last forever and thus revision procedures are required. The latter usually involve complications like bone loss that may compromise implant stability. Methods: Three hip and knee arthroplasty revisions were performed from 2006 to 2011, which warranted the total replacement of the femur and the joints involved. The purpose of this paper is to describe our experience with these implants used in arthroplasty revision surgery. Results: A standardized postoperative management protocol was used in all patients. They required debridement and specific antibiotic therapy. They had a significant improvement in the pain visual analog scale (VAS) (the score went from 8 to 2.3, p < 0.05) and in function, measured with the WOMAC score (from a preoperative score of 21.6 to 55, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Total femoral replacement is an infrequent, demanding and complex salvage surgery that represents an alternative to the disarticulation of the pelvic limb at the end stage of prosthetic disease. This is a feasible option used to improve patient functionality and decrease residual capacity for performing activities independently.

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We studied the interethnic variation of the MMP-9 microsatellite in the Mestizo and Amerindian populations using blood samples collected from 435 healthy unrelated individuals from the Central Valley of Mexico. DNA samples were genotyped using the -90 (CA)12-27 repeat near the MMP transcriptional start site using capillary electrophoresis. Our data were compared with those from African, Asian, and European populations (N = 729). Both Mestizo and Amerindian populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ≥ 0.05). However, strong genetic heterogeneity was found within the Mestizo population (94%, P ≤ 0.0001), which exhibited the highest frequency of Amerindian, African, and European alleles. Likewise, Amerindians showed 6.7% variation among populations (P ≤ 0.0001), suggesting a genetic substructure potentially associated with linguistic affiliations. These findings were corroborated with principal component and population differentiation analyses, which showed relative proximity among the Mestizos and their historical parental populations: Asian (FST ≥ 0.05), European (FST ≥ 0.09), and African (FST ≥ 0.02). Nevertheless, important differences were found between Mestizo and Nahuas (P ≤ 0.0001), and between Mestizo and Me'Phaas (P ≤ 0.0001). These findings highlight the importance of determining local-specific patterns to establish the population variability of MMP-9 and other polymorphic markers. Validation of candidate markers is critical to identifying risk factors; however, this depends on knowledge of population genetic variation, which increases the possibility of finding true causative variants. We also show that dissimilar ethnic backgrounds might lead to spurious associations. Our study provides useful considerations for greater accuracy and robustness in future genetic association studies.

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Genotypic differences in Helicobacter pylori play an important role in infection. We characterized the diversity of the cagA, cagE, babA2, and vacA genes in H. pylori strains isolated from pediatric patients and the relationship between these genes and clinical disease. Additionally, we employed the Neighbor-net algorithm to predict the behavior of the genotypes of the strains isolated from patients. Of 93 patients analyzed, 32 were positive for infection. A total of 160 H. pylori strains (five isolates per positive patient) were analyzed. A total of 91% and 83% of strains possessed the cagA and cagE genes, respectively. For the vacA gene, 84% of strains possessed the s1 allele, 15% the s2 allele, 81% the m1 allele and 13.8% the m2 allele. The babA2 gene was present in 79% of strains. Infection with H. pylori strains with the vacA (s1m1) genotype was associated with risk of esophagitis and gastritis (p=0.0001). The combination of cagA and vacA (s1m1) was significantly associated with abdominal pain (p=0.002); however, EPIYA type was not significantly associated with abdominal pain. A total of 16 different genotypes were identified; the most common genotype was vacAs1m1cagA+cagE+babA2+ (47.5%). A total of 84% of pediatric patients were infected by at least two and up to five different genotypes. The network recovered two genotype groups (A: strains with vacAs1 and B: strains with vacAs2). The presence of multiple paths in the network suggests that reticulate events, such as recombination or reinfection, have contributed to the observed genotypic diversity.

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INTRODUCTION: Currently hip and knee joint replacement were performed frequently at orthopedic centers. However, these surgeries do not last forever and thus revision procedures are required. The latter usually involve complications like bone loss that may compromise implant stability. METHODS: Three hip and knee arthroplasty revisions were performed from 2006 to 2011, which warranted the total replacement of the femur and the joints involved. The purpose of this paper is to describe our experience with these implants used in arthroplasty revision surgery. RESULTS: A standardized postoperative management protocol was used in all patients. They required debridement and specific antibiotic therapy. They had a significant improvement in the pain visual analog scale (VAS) (the score went from 8 to 2.3, p < 0.05) and in function, measured with the WOMAC score (from a preoperative score of 21.6 to 55, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Total femoral replacement is an infrequent, demanding and complex salvage surgery that represents an alternative to the disarticulation of the pelvic limb at the end stage of prosthetic disease. This is a feasible option used to improve patient functionality and decrease residual capacity for performing activities independently.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la actualidad, la cirugía de recambio articular de cadera y rodilla es un procedimiento común en centros ortopédicos. Sin embargo, sabemos que este tipo de cirugía tiene vigencia y requiere procedimientos de revisión. Estos últimos generalmente conllevan complicaciones importantes como la pérdida de hueso que puede llegar a comprometer la estabilidad de los implantes. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron tres revisiones de artroplastía tanto de cadera como de rodilla que han requerido el reemplazo total del fémur y de las articulaciones involucradas en el período comprendido del 2006 al 2011. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la experiencia con estos implantes en cirugía de revisión de artroplastía. RESULTADOS: El protocolo de manejo del postoperatorio fue estandarizado para todos y cada uno de los pacientes, requirieron manejo mediante desbridamientos y antibioticoterapia específica. Evidenciaron mejora significativa en el puntaje de la escala visual análoga del dolor (8-2.3 puntos p < 0.05) y funcional con la escala de valoración de WOMAC (21.6 preoperatorio a 55 puntos p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El reemplazo femoral total es un procedimiento quirúrgico de salvamento poco frecuente, demandante y complejo, que representa una alternativa ante la desarticulación de la extremidad pélvica en la etapa final de la enfermedad protésica. Se trata de una opción factible de realizar para mejorar la funcionalidad del paciente y disminuir la discapacidad residual para la realización de actividades de manera independiente.

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BACKGROUND: Allergies have been described as protective factors against the development of childhood acute leukaemia (AL). Our objective was to investigate the associations between allergy history and the development of AL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A case-control study was performed in Mexico City. The cases (n=97) were diagnosed at nine public hospitals, and the controls (n=222) were recruited at institutions for children with DS. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated. RESULTS: Asthma was positively associated with AL development (OR=4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-11.87), whereas skin allergies were negatively associated (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allergies and AL in children with DS share biological and immune mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations between allergies and AL in children with DS.

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Twenty-three thousand four hundred eighty-four beef carcasses were classified according to the Mexican norm NMX-FF-078-SCFI-2002 at the No. 51 Federal Inspected Type abattoir located in the State of Tabasco, Mexico, owned by the Beef Cattle Union of Tabasco State. Tabasco State has a Tropical humid (Am) and subhumid (Aw) climate with rains in summer. The study took place between November 2009 and February 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate independently the influence of each of the grading criteria used for classification on the final quality grade and determine areas for improvement to enhance the quality of Mexican beef carcasses. The beef carcass norm implementation followed a mechanistic approach of the 5 basic evaluation criteria applied in the sequential order: 1) maturity (age), 2) conformation (muscularity), 3) color of the meat, 4) fat color, and 5) distribution of the subcutaneous fat. The quality grades possible were Supreme, Select, Standard, Commercial, Out of Grade, and Veal. The proportion of carcasses classified as Select, Standard, Commercial, Out of Grade, and Veal were 13.4, 45.8, 27.4, 10.6, and 2.7%, respectively. No carcasses had a final quality grade of Supreme. Based on maturity, 79.2% of the carcasses met the specifications for Supreme; however, when the next criterion, conformation, was evaluated only 0.5% of the carcasses met the specifications for Supreme. When carcasses with a criterion grade of Supreme are not included in the analysis, the γ and κ statistics indicated that maturity and conformation have the greatest association and agreement, respectively, with final quality grade. When carcasses with a criterion grade of Supreme are included in the analysis, the κ statistic for the assessment of agreement between final quality grade and criterion indicated a descending order of conformation, subcutaneous fat distribution, maturity, meat color, and fat color. Thus, based on the degree of association and agreement, conformation was identified as the criterion with the greatest influence on final quality grade and the primary reason for the absence of Supreme grading among the carcasses studied. It is concluded that the application of the Mexican beef carcass classification norm NMX-FF-078-SCFI-2002 into a sample population of beef cattle coming out of a tropical beef production environment highlights a system capable of sending animals to slaughter at an early age with adequate meat and fat color and subcutaneous fat distribution although requiring improvement in conformation.

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No Estado de Pernambuco, as ações do Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros-PNCRH são executadas pela Agência de Defesa e Fiscalização Agropecuária-ADAGRO. Entre essas ações destacam-se as vacinações de forma preventiva e em resposta a focos notificados e atendidos pelo serviço veterinário oficial, monitoramento de ocorrência da raiva em espécies silvestres e captura de morcegos. Com este trabalho pretende-se divulgar as ações executadas pela ADAGRO no ano de 2012, tendo em vista o controle da raiva dos herbívoros em Pernambuco, e averiguar quais pontos do programa necessitam de maior atenção. As informações foram obtidas a partir dos informes mensais de raiva do período de janeiro a dezembro/2012 e observações feitas ao sistema de Vigilância Continental-SIVCONT (PANAFTOSA). Quanto às vacinações contra a raiva, foram realizadas em 2.921 propriedades, sendo vacinados 112.950 bovinos, 53 bubalinos, 1.230 eqüinos, 9.437 caprinos e 9.874 ovinos. Tendo em vista o controle populacional de Desmodus rotundus, foram executadas 40 capturas, re

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No Estado de Pernambuco, as ações do Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros-PNCRH são executadas pela Agência de Defesa e Fiscalização Agropecuária-ADAGRO. Entre essas ações destacam-se as vacinações de forma preventiva e em resposta a focos notificados e atendidos pelo serviço veterinário oficial, monitoramento de ocorrência da raiva em espécies silvestres e captura de morcegos. Com este trabalho pretende-se divulgar as ações executadas pela ADAGRO no ano de 2012, tendo em vista o controle da raiva dos herbívoros em Pernambuco, e averiguar quais pontos do programa necessitam de maior atenção. As informações foram obtidas a partir dos informes mensais de raiva do período de janeiro a dezembro/2012 e observações feitas ao sistema de Vigilância Continental-SIVCONT (PANAFTOSA). Quanto às vacinações contra a raiva, foram realizadas em 2.921 propriedades, sendo vacinados 112.950 bovinos, 53 bubalinos, 1.230 eqüinos, 9.437 caprinos e 9.874 ovinos. Tendo em vista o controle populacional de Desmodus rotundus, foram executadas 40 capturas, resultando em 74 morcegos capturados e todos foram tratados com pasta vampiricida. Sobre a ocorrência e diagnóstico da doença em herbívoros e suídeos, foram notificadas 31 suspeitas de síndromes neurológicas, das quais 3(9,6%) com resultados positivos para a raiva, sendo as espécies envolvidas: bovina(27/31), equina(3/31) e ovina(1/31); somente foram observados resultados positivos para a espécie bovina(3/27). Quanto ao monitoramento da doença em espécies silvestres foram observados resultados positivos em 13%(3/23) dos morcegos hematófagos e 100% para raposas(1/1). Diante do exposto, a ADAGRO vem executando todas as linhas de ações do PNCRH, devendo neste momento enfatizar as ações voltadas para a educação sanitária em raiva dos herbívoros visando uma maior sensibilização por parte da população e consequente aumento do número de notificações e vigilâncias no Estado de Pernambuco, possibilitando ao serviço veterinário uma melhora significativa na atenção a prováveis focos da doença.(AU)

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No Estado de Pernambuco, as ações do Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros-PNCRH são executadas pela Agência de Defesa e Fiscalização Agropecuária-ADAGRO. Entre essas ações destacam-se as vacinações de forma preventiva e em resposta a focos notificados e atendidos pelo serviço veterinário oficial, monitoramento de ocorrência da raiva em espécies silvestres e captura de morcegos. Com este trabalho pretende-se divulgar as ações executadas pela ADAGRO no ano de 2012, tendo em vista o controle da raiva dos herbívoros em Pernambuco, e averiguar quais pontos do programa necessitam de maior atenção. As informações foram obtidas a partir dos informes mensais de raiva do período de janeiro a dezembro/2012 e observações feitas ao sistema de Vigilância Continental-SIVCONT (PANAFTOSA). Quanto às vacinações contra a raiva, foram realizadas em 2.921 propriedades, sendo vacinados 112.950 bovinos, 53 bubalinos, 1.230 eqüinos, 9.437 caprinos e 9.874 ovinos. Tendo em vista o controle populacional de Desmodus rotundus, foram executadas 40 capturas, resultando em 74 morcegos capturados e todos foram tratados com pasta vampiricida. Sobre a ocorrência e diagnóstico da doença em herbívoros e suídeos, foram notificadas 31 suspeitas de síndromes neurológicas, das quais 3(9,6%) com resultados positivos para a raiva, sendo as espécies envolvidas: bovina(27/31), equina(3/31) e ovina(1/31); somente foram observados resultados positivos para a espécie bovina(3/27). Quanto ao monitoramento da doença em espécies silvestres foram observados resultados positivos em 13%(3/23) dos morcegos hematófagos e 100% para raposas(1/1). Diante do exposto, a ADAGRO vem executando todas as linhas de ações do PNCRH, devendo neste momento enfatizar as ações voltadas para a educação sanitária em raiva dos herbívoros visando uma maior sensibilização por parte da população e consequente aumento do número de notificações e vigilâncias no Estado de Pernambuco, possibilitando ao serviço veterinário uma melhora significativa na atenção a prováveis focos da doença.

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No Estado de Pernambuco, as ações do Programa Nacional de Controle da Raiva dos Herbívoros-PNCRH são executadas pela Agência de Defesa e Fiscalização Agropecuária-ADAGRO. Entre essas ações destacam-se as vacinações de forma preventiva e em resposta a focos notificados e atendidos pelo serviço veterinário oficial, monitoramento de ocorrência da raiva em espécies silvestres e captura de morcegos. Com este trabalho pretende-se divulgar as ações executadas pela ADAGRO no ano de 2012, tendo em vista o controle da raiva dos herbívoros em Pernambuco, e averiguar quais pontos do programa necessitam de maior atenção. As informações foram obtidas a partir dos informes mensais de raiva do período de janeiro a dezembro/2012 e observações feitas ao sistema de Vigilância Continental-SIVCONT (PANAFTOSA). Quanto às vacinações contra a raiva, foram realizadas em 2.921 propriedades, sendo vacinados 112.950 bovinos, 53 bubalinos, 1.230 eqüinos, 9.437 caprinos e 9.874 ovinos. Tendo em vista o controle populacional de Desmodus rotundus, foram executadas 40 capturas, re

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