RESUMO
Paraguay has registered no human cases of rabies since 2004, and the last case in dogs, reported in 2009, was due to a variant maintained in the common vampire bat "Desmodus rotundus". In 2014, a dog was diagnosed as positive for rabies with aggression towards a boy and all required measures of control were successfully adopted. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the dog was not vaccinated and had been attacked by a crab-eating fox, "zorro" (Cerdocyon thous). The sample was diagnosed by the Official Veterinary Service of the Country and sent to the Center on Rabies Research from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, for antigenic and genetic characterization. A second sample from a dog positive for rabies in the same region in 2015 and 11 samples from a rabies outbreak from Asuncion in 1996 were also characterized. The antigenic profile of the samples, AgV2, was compatible with one of the variants maintained by dogs in Latin America. In genetic characterization, the samples segregated in the canine (domestic and wild species)-related group in an independent subgroup that also included samples from Argentina. These results and the epidemiology of the case indicate that even with the control of rabies in domestic animals, the virus can still circulate in wildlife and may be transmitted to domestic animals and humans, demonstrating the importance of continuous and improved surveillance and control of rabies, including in wild species, to prevent outbreaks in controlled areas.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos Virais/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Humanos , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/virologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
La pandemia de influenza por el virus H1N1 afectó a la población del Paraguay a partir de la primera semana de julio de 2009. La misma se acompañó de un brote inusitado de neumonía de la comunidad. Describe las características demográficas y clínicas de un brote de neumonía de la comunidad durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a sujetos adultos portadores de clínicos de enfermedad tipo influenza acompañada de neumonía aguda de la comunidad, internados en el Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2009. .Este brote determinó gran morbilidad pero baja mortalidad...
Assuntos
Adulto , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumopatias , Pneumopatias/complicações , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/terapia , Paraguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
En Uruguay existe un gran porcentaje de mujeres que no controlan su embarazo y donde la transmisión vertical de la infección por VIH alcanza al 50 por ciento. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de infección por VIH en mujeres embarazadas que desconocen su estado serológico, y que no controlan o controlan mal su gestación, y disminuir la transmisión vertical. Pacientes y métodos: entre enero de 2002 y enero de 2004 se realizó el test rápido para detectar infección por VIH a toda mujer embarazada que no supiera su condición serológica y que consultara en el Servicio Gineco-Obstétrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. De acuerdo a la edad gestacional se tomaban las medidas profilácticas consideradas más adecuadas. Se calculó la prevalencia de infección por VIH en esas mujeres y el porcentaje de transmisión a sus hijos. Resultados: hubo 34.338 consultas obstétricas y se realizaron 4.599 tests rápidos. Se detectaron 58 mujeres positivas, 8 de ellas conocían previamente su condición serológica. La prevalencia de infección por VIH fue de 1,1 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 0,8-1,4). Hubo un falso positivo y cuatro abortos. Diez mujeres abandonaron los controles. Doce recibieron antiretrovirales durante el embarazo por más de una semana. Se controlaron 39 niños y 2 fueron infectados. El porcentaje de transmisión fue de 5,1 por ciento. Como algunas mujeres y niños se perdieron en el seguimiento, es necesario complementar la estrategia de un screening de test rápido para infección por VIH con otras medidas como consejería y entrevista con asistente social para optimizar estos resultados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/métodos , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Prevalência , Uruguai/epidemiologia , Zidovudina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Forty Cebus apella monkeys free from Chagas' disease were subcutaneously infected with 3 x 10(5) trypomastigotes of the Ypsilon strain of T. cruzi and followed-up for 6 months. Seventeen monkeys were controls. Body weight, temperature, direct parasitemia (DP), IgM and IgG were determined weekly. Hematology was performed weekly up to day 40 p.i. and monthly thereafter. Clinical chemistry was performed every two weeks up to day 33 p.i. and monthly thereafter. ECG was performed weekly up to day 47 p.i. and at 2,3, and 6 months p.i. Chest X-ray was done at 45 days, 4 and 6 months p.i. Xenodiagnosis was only performed after two negative DP. All infected monkeys developed fever, beginning 6.0 +/- 0.6 day p.i. and lasting 21.9 +/- 6.7 days, and lost 14% of their body weight the first month, 11% the third month and 7% the 6th month. DP was already detected 4.4 +/- 0.29 days after infection and it was detectable in all monkeys up to 96.0 +/- 6.9 days p.i. Cyclical peaks of parasitemia were observed throughout the study. IgM and IgG titers which permitted a diagnosis of T. cruzi infection occurred at 33.0 +/- 2.9 days p.i., respectively. Fifty-seven percent of infected monkeys presented ECG alterations one week after inoculation reaching a maximum of 86% at the third week. A normocytic, normochromic anemia was observed in all monkeys being significantly (p less than 0.02) more severe in the infected animals. No effects of T. cruzi on the clinical chemistry were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)