RESUMO
The coexistence of infection with human T lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) has been demonstrated recently among the Wayuu Indians from the Guajira region of Colombia. To ascertain if other Indian groups in Colombia are similarly infected, we tested 1,250 sera, collected between 1990 and 1992 from 18 culturally distinct Amerindian tribes living in widely separated regions, for IgG antibodies against HTLV-I/II using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Sera were also tested for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) to investigate the overall burden of retrovirus infection in these semi-isolated indigenous groups. A total of 33 of the 1,250 samples were repeatedly reactive to HTLV-I/II antigens by ELISA, and of these, three sera from Waunana/Noanama Indians from the Choco area and two sera from Tunebo Indians from the Santander region were found to be infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II, respectively, as verified by Western blot and differential ELISA. Thus, despite the small sample size, the overall seroprevalences for HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection among the Waunana/Noanama and Tunebo Indians were 2.1% and 5.0%, respectively. In contrast, none of the 29 Indians who exhibited reactivity to HIV-1/2 by ELISA were seropositive by Western blot. This study adds the Tunebo to the expanding list of Amerindian groups with high prevalences of HTLV-II infection. Further intensive investigations of such indigenous populations will clarify the natural history and disease potential of HTLV-II infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Western Blotting , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-2/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
High prevalences of human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infection have been found recently among certain Amerindian groups in North, Central, and South America. To determine if the Amerindians of Colombia are similarly affected, 523 sera, collected between 1987 and 1990 from nine culturally distinct Indian groups from widely separated regions, were tested for IgG antibodies against HTLV-I/II using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. In addition, 243 sera from five non-Indian (black) and mixed-Indian (mestizo) populations were studied. Of the 766 individuals tested, 44 were ELISA positive, but of these, only four were Western blot positive. Three of the individuals confirmed positive by Western blot were infected with HTLV-II and one was infected with HTLV-I, as determined by differential ELISA. All four seropositive individuals belonged to a group of 62 Wayuu Indians, giving overall HTLV-I and HTLV-II seroprevalences of 1.6% and 4.8%, respectively. The coexistence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in this Amerindian group provides an opportunity to study the factors governing transmission of these retroviruses.
Assuntos
Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Western Blotting , Colômbia/etnologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-II/imunologiaRESUMO
We have found the codon 200Lys mutation in 6 Chilean CJD families, including a family in the rural case cluster in Chillán. Thus, all 3 of the known clusters of CJD, in Slovakia, Libyan-born Israeli Jews, and Chile, are linked to the presence of the same mutation. The phenotypic features of the disease in these families are similar to those reported for other clustered or individual families elsewhere in the world. The heterogeneous genetic composition of the Chilean population interpreted in light of historical migration patterns suggests that the mutation may have entered Chile by Jewish emigration from Spain.
Assuntos
Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 20 , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/biossíntese , Encéfalo/patologia , Química Encefálica , Códon , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Baço/patologiaRESUMO
We screened 140 patients with different neurological diseases for the presence of anti HTLV-1 virus antibodies. ELISA test confirmed with Western Blot analysis was performed in CSF and blood. Positive findings were obtained in 23 out of 52 patients with progressive spastic paraparesis (44%). All patients with multiple sclerosis, polymyositis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or chronic polyneuropathy were negative. Patients with progressive spastic paraparesis and positive HTLV-1 antibodies were most commonly women (78%) and middle aged (mean 46 years old), with a history of surgical interventions (70%) or blood transfusion (35%). A slowly progressive spastic paraparesis with asymmetric onset and minimal sensory complaints was observed in some cases. Mononuclear pleocytosis in the CSF was observed in 35% with an increased IgG index in 88%. A delayed latency and low amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials was observed in 89% of patients.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/microbiologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Western Blotting , Chile , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Potenciais Evocados , Feminino , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/imunologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/imunologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Serum samples from urban and laboratory rats, laboratory mice and wild and laboratory cricetids in Argentina were tested by immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization tests to investigate prevalence of anti-Hantavirus antibodies. A total of 102 sera were obtained from laboratory rodents in 4 different animal-rooms, 31 from harbor rats and 30 from wild cricetids in 1985-1987. Anti-Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 22.5% of Rattus norvegicus in 3 of the animal-rooms but harbor rats were found to be free of Hantavirus infection. Previously, the presence of anti-Hantavirus antibodies had been demonstrated in the sera obtained from laboratory workers in these same 3 animal-rooms; it can be concluded that the laboratory rats were the source of this human infection. On the contrary, laboratory mice and cricetids failed to show Hantavirus infection while the wild vesper mouse Calomys musculinus (the main Junin virus reservoir) showed a prevalence of 23.5%. The presence of Hantavirus infection is hereby reported for the first time in wild C. musculinus and in laboratory R. norvegicus in Argentina.
Assuntos
Animais de Laboratório , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Reservatórios de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/veterinária , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Animais , Argentina , Arvicolinae/microbiologia , Imunofluorescência , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , RatosRESUMO
Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Hantavirus en sueros provenientes de roedores salvajes (de zonas urbanas y de campo) y de laboratorio para estudiar la existencia o no de infección con Hantavirus en la Argentina. Se utilizaron las técnicas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IF) y de reducción de placas por neutralización (PRNT). Ciento dos sueros correspondían a roedores de laboratorio pertenecientes a 2 bioterios de Mendoza y a 2 de Buenos Aires; 31 sueros fueron rcogidos de ratas urbanas capturadas en el puerto de Buenos Aires y 30 sueros pertenecían a cricétidos salvajes capturados en campos de Buenos Aires y Mendoza (Tabla 1). Se detectaron anticuerpos anti-Hantavirus en colonias de Rattus norvegicus de 3 de los 4 bioterios estudiados (22,5%) en estos mismos lugares. Previamente se habían detectado anticuerpos en sueros humanos por lo que, descartando otros orígenes para la infección, se determinó que las ratas de laboratorio son los candidatos más probables de diseminación del virus en humanos en estos ambientes. En las ratas del puerto de la ciudad de Buenos Aires no se encontraron anticuerpos ni por IF ni por PRNT. En las colonias de ratones y cricéticos de laboratorio no se encontró infección con Hantavirus, mientras que en cricétidos salvajes se demostró la presencia de Hantavirus tanto en Buenos Aires como en Mendoza. En la naturaleza se encontraron anticuerpos séricos anti-Hantavirus en un cricétido reservorio del virus Junín (agente etiológico de la fiebre...
Assuntos
Camundongos , Ratos , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Reservatórios de Doenças , Vírus Hantaan/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Argentina , Arvicolinae/microbiologia , Imunofluorescência , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Testes de NeutralizaçãoRESUMO
Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Hantavirus en sueros provenientes de roedores salvajes (de zonas urbanas y de campo) y de laboratorio para estudiar la existencia o no de infección con Hantavirus en la Argentina. Se utilizaron las técnicas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IF) y de reducción de placas por neutralización (PRNT). Ciento dos sueros correspondían a roedores de laboratorio pertenecientes a 2 bioterios de Mendoza y a 2 de Buenos Aires; 31 sueros fueron rcogidos de ratas urbanas capturadas en el puerto de Buenos Aires y 30 sueros pertenecían a cricétidos salvajes capturados en campos de Buenos Aires y Mendoza (Tabla 1). Se detectaron anticuerpos anti-Hantavirus en colonias de Rattus norvegicus de 3 de los 4 bioterios estudiados (22,5%) en estos mismos lugares. Previamente se habían detectado anticuerpos en sueros humanos por lo que, descartando otros orígenes para la infección, se determinó que las ratas de laboratorio son los candidatos más probables de diseminación del virus en humanos en estos ambientes. En las ratas del puerto de la ciudad de Buenos Aires no se encontraron anticuerpos ni por IF ni por PRNT. En las colonias de ratones y cricéticos de laboratorio no se encontró infección con Hantavirus, mientras que en cricétidos salvajes se demostró la presencia de Hantavirus tanto en Buenos Aires como en Mendoza. En la naturaleza se encontraron anticuerpos séricos anti-Hantavirus en un cricétido reservorio del virus Junín (agente etiológico de la fiebre... (AU)
Assuntos
Camundongos , Ratos , Animais , Reservatórios de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Vírus Hantaan/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Arvicolinae/microbiologia , Imunofluorescência , Argentina , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Testes de NeutralizaçãoRESUMO
Serum samples from urban and laboratory rats, laboratory mice and wild and laboratory cricetids in Argentina were tested by immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization tests to investigate prevalence of anti-Hantavirus antibodies. A total of 102 sera were obtained from laboratory rodents in 4 different animal-rooms, 31 from harbor rats and 30 from wild cricetids in 1985-1987. Anti-Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 22.5
of Rattus norvegicus in 3 of the animal-rooms but harbor rats were found to be free of Hantavirus infection. Previously, the presence of anti-Hantavirus antibodies had been demonstrated in the sera obtained from laboratory workers in these same 3 animal-rooms; it can be concluded that the laboratory rats were the source of this human infection. On the contrary, laboratory mice and cricetids failed to show Hantavirus infection while the wild vesper mouse Calomys musculinus (the main Junin virus reservoir) showed a prevalence of 23.5
. The presence of Hantavirus infection is hereby reported for the first time in wild C. musculinus and in laboratory R. norvegicus in Argentina.
RESUMO
The isolation and characterization of a human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from cerebrospinal fluid of a Jamaican patient with tropical spastic paraparesis is described. The virus isolate is a typical type C retrovirus as seen by electron microscopy and is related to prototype HTLV-I isolated from patients with adult T-cell leukemia but is not identical to this prototype HTLV-I as seen by restriction enzyme mapping.
Assuntos
Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/microbiologia , Idoso , Células Cultivadas , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , DNA Viral/análise , Anticorpos Antideltaretrovirus/análise , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/enzimologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Humanos , Jamaica , Leucemia de Células T/microbiologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/microbiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/imunologia , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA/análiseRESUMO
Viral-like particles morphologically identical to human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II, but distinct from human T-lymphotropic virus type III, have been seen by electron microscopy in spinal cord tissue from a Jamaican tropical spastic paraparesis patient who was known to be positive for human T-lymphotropic virus I antibody before death. This is the first electron microscopy report on a patient from an endemic tropical spastic paraparesis region.
Assuntos
Deltaretrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Paraplegia/microbiologia , Medula Espinal/microbiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Jamaica , Microscopia Eletrônica , Espasticidade Muscular/microbiologia , Espasticidade Muscular/patologia , Paraplegia/patologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
We report clinical and laboratory investigations of 47 native-born Jamaican patients with endemic tropical spastic paraparesis and of 1 patient with tropical ataxic neuropathy. Mean age at onset was 40 years, with a female-male preponderance (2.7:1). Neurological features of endemic tropical spastic paraparesis are predominantly those of a spastic paraparesis with variable degrees of proprioceptive and/or superficial sensory impairment. Using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), IgG antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) were present in 82% of sera and 77% of cerebrospinal fluids. On Western blot analysis, IgG antibodies detected the p19 and p24 gag-encoded core proteins in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Titers were tenfold higher by ELISA in serum than in cerebrospinal fluid, and some oligoclonal bands present in fluid were not seen in serum. Serum-cerebrospinal fluid albumin ratios were normal, and IgG indexes indicated intrathecal IgG synthesis. Histopathological changes showed a chronic inflammatory reaction with mononuclear cell infiltration, perivascular cuffing, and demyelination that was predominant in the lateral columns. In 1 patient, a retrovirus morphologically similar to HTLV-I on electron microscopy was isolated from spinal fluid. Our investigations show that endemic tropical spastic paraparesis in Jamaica is a retrovirus-associated myelopathy and that HTLV-I or an antigenically similar retrovirus is the causal agent.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/complicações , Paraplegia/etiologia , Medicina Tropical , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Deltaretrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antideltaretrovirus , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Jamaica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espasticidade Muscular/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Espasticidade Muscular/etiologia , Espasticidade Muscular/imunologia , Paraplegia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Paraplegia/imunologiaRESUMO
The neuropathological examination of the spinal cord of 2 Jamaican patients with classical tropical spastic paraparesis disclosed an intense chronic meningomyelitis with demyelination. In the 1 case in which serum and cerebrospinal fluid were available, antibodies to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 were found.