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J Pediatr ; 162(4): 850-856.e2, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23164315

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of 20 pediatric patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. STUDY DESIGN: Review of clinical data, long-term follow-up, and immunologic studies performed in a single center in Spain in the last 4 years. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 13 years (range, 8 months-18 years), 70% were female. In 12 patients (60%), the initial symptoms were neurologic, usually dyskinesias or seizures, and in the other 40% psychiatric. One month into the disease, all patients had involuntary movements and alterations of behavior and speech. All patients received steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange, and 7 rituximab or cyclophosphamide. With a median follow up of 17.5 months, 85% had substantial recovery, 10% moderate or severe deficits, and 1 died. Three patients had previous episodes compatible with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 2 of them with additional relapses after the diagnosis of the disorder. Ovarian teratoma was identified in 2 patients, 1 at onset of encephalitis and the other 1 year later. Two novel observations (1 patient each) include, the identification of an electroencephalographic pattern ("extreme delta brush") considered characteristic of this disorder, and the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis as post herpes simplex encephalitis choreoathetosis. CONCLUSIONS: The initial symptoms of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis vary from those of the adults (more neurologic and less psychiatric in children), the development of a mono-symptomatic illness is extremely rare (except in relapses), and most patients respond to treatment. Our study suggests a link between post herpes simplex encephalitis choreoathetosis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.


Assuntos
Encefalite Antirreceptor de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/sangue , Encefalite Antirreceptor de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Encéfalo/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pediatria/métodos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
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