RESUMO
Soil pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) from incipient basic sanitation, dumps and industrial activities developed in the Amazon has been of international interest due to health and environmental issues. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of PTE in five adjacent land occupations (a dump, a alumina refinery area and three residential centers) in the municipality of Barcarena, Amazon Region, Brazil. In a total area of 912 ha, 274 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-0.2 m. Afterwards, the concentrations of As, Ba, Pb, Co, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni and Zn were determined. The results were explored using descriptive and multivariate statistics, as well as geostatistical. Considering the data by location, maximum concentrations exceeding the prevention values of Brazilian soils were found for Cu, Ni and Zn in Dump (148; 42.8 and 356 mg kg-1), for Cu and Hg in Bom Futuro (333 and 1.99 mg kg-1) and for Cu in Itupanema (91.2 mg kg-1). Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn were grouped in the same principal component and showed the highest similarity measure in the cluster analysis. The interpolation point maps of the two principal components and of the individual concentrations of the PTEs showed the area of influence of the dump as the main reason for the increase in soil contamination. These results show the need for public policies aimed at the proper disposal of solid waste, in order to promote the reduction of pollutants in the soil, health and well-being for the local population, and also the environmental quality of the study area.
RESUMO
Dinizia excelsais one of the largest trees in the Amazon rainforest, with significant economic potential for the recovery of degraded areas. It is a key species for biodiversity and increased forestbiomass. However, studies related to seedling production of this species are still scarce. In this study, we evaluated the production and quality of D. excelsaseedlings in response to the application of controlled-release fertilizer doses. The experimental design was completely randomized, applying different doses of Osmocote®(T1=0; T2=4.1; T3=8.2; and T4=12.3 g.dm-³) with four replicates, using vermiculite and coconut fiber (1:1 v/v) as the substrate. We assessed the number of leaves and leaflets, shoot and root length, stem diameter, seedling height, shoot-to-stem diameter ratio, leaf area, dry mass of shoot, root, and total biomass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The seedlings responded positively to the use of Osmocote®, and starting from the 4.1 g.dm-³dose, biomass accumulation showed better results, making it a recommended practice that allows cost savings in seedling production of this species.(AU)
Dinizia excelsaé uma das maiores árvores da floresta amazônica, com grande potencial econômico para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Trata-se de uma espécie-chave para diversidade e aumento da biomassa florestal. Ainda são escassos os estudos relacionados à produção seminal de mudas da espécie. Nós avaliamos a produção e a qualidade de mudas de D. excelsaem resposta à aplicação de doses de adubo de liberação controlada. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, aplicando-se diferentes doses de Osmocote®(T1=0; T2=4.1; T3= 8.2 e T4=12.3 g.dm-³) com quatro repetições, utilizando-se como substrato vermiculita e fibra de coco (1:1 v/v). Foram avaliados número de folhas e folíolos, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, diâmetro do coleto, altura das mudas, relação comprimento da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. As mudas responderam positivamente ao uso do adubo Osmocote®e a partir da dose 4.1 g.dm-³o acúmulo de biomassa apresentou melhores resultados, podendo ser recomendada, permitindo uma economia nos custos de produção seminal de mudas da espécie.(AU)
Assuntos
Agricultura Florestal/métodos , Fertilizantes/análise , Fabaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , BiomassaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate and select progenies and matrices of cupuassu-tree siblings, and to select Brazilian mahogany matrices with superior characteristics to be used in agroforestry systems (AFS). Twenty-five full cupuassu tree sibling progenies and one Brazilian mahogany half-sibling progeny were evaluated. The study was conducted for 14 years in a commercial property in Tomé Açu, Pará State, Brazil. The number of fruits and fruit yield per plant, as well as the rate of plants with symptoms of witches' broom disease, were used as response variables for cupuassu. For mahogany, the following response variables were used: total height, commercial height, crown height, diameter at breast height and commercial wood volume. There were five cupuassu tree progenies with interesting characteristics to be used in AFS. Based on the high values observed in the selection accuracy and heritabilities, a good potential for the selection of promising individuals in the cupuassu tree population is inferred. Based on the ranking of genotypic values and their agronomic performance, 10 matrices of cupuassu tree were selected. For Brazilian mahogany, three matrices showed excellent silvicultural performance. The matrices of these two species should be propagated vegetatively in order to evaluate clonal tests. (AU)
Assuntos
Plantas , Melhoramento Vegetal , GenótipoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate and select progenies and matrices of cupuassu-tree siblings, and to select Brazilian mahogany matrices with superior characteristics to be used in agroforestry systems (AFS). Twenty-five full cupuassu tree sibling progenies and one Brazilian mahogany half-sibling progeny were evaluated. The study was conducted for 14 years in a commercial property in Tomé Açu, Pará State, Brazil. The number of fruits and fruit yield per plant, as well as the rate of plants with symptoms of witches broom disease, were used as response variables for cupuassu. For mahogany, the following response variables were used: total height, commercial height, crown height, diameter at breast height and commercial wood volume. There were five cupuassu tree progenies with interesting characteristics to be used in AFS. Based on the high values observed in the selection accuracy and heritabilities, a good potential for the selection of promising individuals in the cupuassu tree population is inferred. Based on the ranking of genotypic values and their agronomic performance, 10 matrices of cupuassu tree were selected. For Brazilian mahogany, three matrices showed excellent silvicultural performance. The matrices of these two species should be propagated vegetatively in order to evaluate clonal tests.(AU)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar e selecionar progênies e matrizes de irmãos completos de cupuaçuzeiro e, simultaneamente, selecionar matrizes de mogno brasileiro com características superiores, para utilização em sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). Foram avaliadas 25 progênies de irmãos completos de cupuaçuzeiro e uma progênie de meio irmão de mogno brasileiro. O estudo foi conduzido por 14 anos em uma propriedade comercial em Tomé Açu, Pará. Para o cupuaçuzeiro, foram utilizadas como variáveis de resposta o número e a produção de frutos por planta, e a taxa de plantas com sintomas da doença vassoura-de-bruxa. Para o mogno, empregou-se a altura total, altura comercial, altura da copa, DAP e volume de madeira comercial. Os resultados revelaram cinco progênies de cupuaçuzeiro com características interessantes para emprego em SAFs. Com base nos altos valores observados na acurácia de seleção e herdabilidade, inferimos um bom potencial de seleção de indivíduos promissores na população de cupuaçuzeiro. Dez matrizes de cupuaçuzeiro foram selecionadas com base no ranqueamento dos valores genotípicos e desempenho agronômico. Para o mogno brasileiro, três matrizes apresentaram ótimo desempenho silvicultural. As matrizes destas duas espécies deverão ser propagadas vegetativamente, para avaliação em ensaios clonais.(AU)
Assuntos
Meliaceae/química , Meliaceae/genética , Malvaceae/genética , Melhoramento VegetalRESUMO
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial, nutrição e fertilidade do solo em plantio de clones de eucalipto no nordeste do Pará. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco clones (Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla 03 e 09, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis 32, E. grandis x E. pellita 07 e E. camaldulensis 11), dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cinco meses após plantio foram avaliadas a altura e sobrevivência das plantas. Aos 18 meses, além dessas variáveis, foram avaliados o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), a fertilidade do solo (profundidades 0-10 e 10-20 cm) e os nutrientes foliares. A altura e o DAP das árvores não variaram entre clones nas épocas de avaliação. Houve diferença na porcentagem de sobrevivência apenas aos 18 meses, sendo do clone 07 a menor média apresentada. Na camada de 0-10 cm foram observados os menores valores de K trocável no solo sob os clones 09 e 07, nas parcelas deste último foram observado também a menor CTC. Na camada de 10-20 cm, o menor valor de N no solo esteve sob o clone 32, enquanto que o K e Ca trocáveis foram encontrados em maiores quantidades sob o clone 03. De maneira geral, foram observadas as maiores concentrações de todos os nutrientes, com exceção do N, nas folhas dos clones 11 e 32. Desta forma, os clones apresentaram respostas nutricionais diferentes na área de estudo, assim como o solo sob cada material genético apresentou valores variados de fertilidade. Essas variações, entretanto, pouco foram observadas no desenvolvimento inicial das árvores.
The objective of this research was to determine the initial growth, nutrition and soil fertility of Eucalyptus plantation in Moju, northeast city of Para State, Brazil. The treatments used were five clones (Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla 03 e 09, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis 32, E. grandis x E. pellita 07 e E. camaldulensis 11), organized in a randomized blocks design with four replications. Five months after planting, the height and survival percentage of plants were measured. At 18 months, besides these variables, diameter, soil fertility at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth and plant mineral nutrition were evaluated. The height and diameter did not vary among clones at evaluated times. There was difference in survival percentage just at 18 months, when the 07 clone showed the lower average. At the 0-10 cm soil depth, the lowest K exchangeable was observed under the 09 and 07 clones, the clone 07 also presented the lowest soil CEC. In 10-20 cm depth, the lowest value of N was observed in 32 clone, while the K and Ca were observed in highest levels in 03 clone. In general, higher macro and micronutrients leaves contents were found in the 11 and 32 clones, exception N. The clones presented different nutritional responses over the researched area, as well as the soil fertility under each clone presented varied values. Such variations, however, were little observed in the tree initial growth.