RESUMO
Introducción: La hipertrigliceridemia es una forma de dislipidemia frecuentemente asociada con enfermedad ateroesclerótica. La obesidad se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo implicados en la aceleración del proceso ateroesclerótico. El desorden fisiopatológico provocado por el tejido adiposo disfuncionante es causa de afectaciones cardiovasculares, endocrinometabólicas y neoplásicas. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia con la circunferencia de la cintura en adultos mayores, a partir de la evaluación del índice de masa corporal, cintura-cadera y la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, según la edad y el sexo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre 2015-2017, con una muestra de 386 adultos de ambos sexos. La recogida de datos se realizó según el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v16- y las técnicas de Chi-Square. Resultados: La edad media de la muestra fue de 55,5 años y el 70,6 por ciento eran mujeres. El 57 por ciento presentaba hipertrigliceridemia y el 63,4 por ciento un índice de masa corporal aumentado, un 37,8 por ciento de personas con sobrepeso y un 26,5 por ciento con obesidad. El índice de masa corporal fue superior en mujeres perimenopáusicas, en las que tuvieron el predominio de cintura hipertrigliceridémica. Se observó un incremento de obesidad abdominal con la edad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, así como, la asociación existente entre los triglicéridos y la medida de la circunferencia de cintura, requiere una valoración sistemática por sexo y edad. La consulta de enfermería de la Atención Primaria es un lugar ideal para promover estrategias de intervención para monitorizar el riesgo clínico cardiovascular a través de los diferentes parámetros antropométricos(AU)
Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia is a form of dyslipidemia frequently associated with the atherosclerotic disease. Obesity is among the risk factors involved in the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. The pathophysiologic disorder caused by the dysfuncional adipose tissue is the cause of cardiovascular, endocrinometabolic and neoplastic diseases. Objective: To identify the relationship between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and waist circumference in older adults from the assessment of the body mass index, waist-hip ratio and the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, according to age and gender. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from 2015 to 2017, with a sample of 386 adults of both sexes. Data collection was performed according to the model of primary data collection of the Center for Research and of Atherosclerosis References of Havana. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS v16- software and the Chi-Square techniques. Results: The average age of the sample was 55.5 years and 70.6 percent were women. The 57 percent had hypertriglyceridemia and 63.4 percent an increased body mass index; 37.8 percent of the people had overweight and 26.5 percent had obesity. Body mass index was higher in perimenopausal women, who had a predominance of hypertriglyceridemic waist. It was noticed an increase of the abdominal obesity with aging. Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk factors as well as the association between triglycerides and the measure of waist circumference require a systematic assessment by sex and age. The nursing consultation in Primary Care is an ideal place to promote intervention strategies to monitor the cardiovascular clinical risk through the different anthropometric parameters(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Introducción: La hipertrigliceridemia es una forma de dislipidemia frecuentemente asociada con enfermedad ateroesclerótica. La obesidad se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo implicados en la aceleración del proceso ateroesclerótico. El desorden fisiopatológico provocado por el tejido adiposo disfuncionante es causa de afectaciones cardiovasculares, endocrinometabólicas y neoplásicas. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia con la circunferencia de la cintura en adultos mayores, a partir de la evaluación del índice de masa corporal, cintura-cadera y la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, según la edad y el sexo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre 2015-2017, con una muestra de 386 adultos de ambos sexos. La recogida de datos se realizó según el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v16- y las técnicas de Chi-Square. Resultados: La edad media de la muestra fue de 55,5 años y el 70,6 por ciento eran mujeres. El 57 por ciento presentaba hipertrigliceridemia y el 63,4 por ciento un índice de masa corporal aumentado, un 37,8 por ciento de personas con sobrepeso y un 26,5 por ciento con obesidad. El índice de masa corporal fue superior en mujeres perimenopáusicas, en las que tuvieron el predominio de cintura hipertrigliceridémica. Se observó un incremento de obesidad abdominal con la edad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, así como, la asociación existente entre los triglicéridos y la medida de la circunferencia de cintura, requiere una valoración sistemática por sexo y edad. La consulta de enfermería de la Atención Primaria es un lugar ideal para promover estrategias de intervención para monitorizar el riesgo clínico cardiovascular a través de los diferentes parámetros antropométricos(AU)
Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia is a form of dyslipidemia frequently associated with the atherosclerotic disease. Obesity is among the risk factors involved in the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. The pathophysiologic disorder caused by the dysfuncional adipose tissue is the cause of cardiovascular, endocrinometabolic and neoplastic diseases. Objective: To identify the relationship between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and waist circumference in older adults from the assessment of the body mass index, waist-hip ratio and the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, according to age and gender. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from 2015 to 2017, with a sample of 386 adults of both sexes. Data collection was performed according to the model of primary data collection of the Center for Research and of Atherosclerosis References of Havana. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS v16- software and the Chi-Square techniques. Results: The average age of the sample was 55.5 years and 70.6percent were women. The 57 percent had hypertriglyceridemia and 63.4 percent an increased body mass index; 37.8percent of the people had overweight and 26.5percent had obesity. Body mass index was higher in perimenopausal women, who had a predominance of hypertriglyceridemic waist. It was noticed an increase of the abdominal obesity with aging. Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk factors as well as the association between triglycerides and the measure of waist circumference require a systematic assessment by sex and age. The nursing consultation in Primary Care is an ideal place to promote intervention strategies to monitor the cardiovascular clinical risk through the different anthropometric parameters(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , ObesidadeRESUMO
OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de dislipidémicos y de hipertensos en personas mayores de 60 años, entre 403 ancianos de 3 consultorios del policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en Plaza la Revolución, Ciudad de La Habana. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal. Se aplicó el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. Variables: edad, sexo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial, hábito de fumar, colesterol total y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS: el 51,1 por ciento son dislipidémicos hipertensos, la forma clínica de dislipidemia más frecuente es la mixta, y es significativa la asociación entre estas 2 variables: dislipidémicos hipertensos y los hipertensos con el índice de masa corporal. CONCLUSIONES: esta investigación permitió incorporar a la dispensarización del área nuevos hipertensos y dislipidémicos, y se comprobó que la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia son trastornos frecuentes en los ancianos estudiados. Un logro a destacar del trabajo del Médico y Enfermera de la Familia, es el bajo índice de ancianos fumadores observado en el estudio.
OBJECTIVE: to determine frequency of dyslipemia and hypertension in persons aged 60 and more among 403 elderlies from three consulting rooms of "Héroes del Moncada" polyclinic in Plaza Municipality of Havana City. METHODS: authors made a cross-sectional and descriptive research. We applied collection model of primary datum from the Center or Research and References of Atherosclerosis of Havana City. The variables included: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS: the 51,1 percent presenting with dyslipemia and hypertension, the more frequent way of dyslipemia is the mixed one, and it is significant the association between these two variables: dyslipemia-hypertensive and the hypertensive-BMI. CONCLUSIONS: this research allows us the incorporation of new hypertensive and dyslipemia patients to area care verifying that high blood pressure and dyslipemia are frequent disorders in study elderlies. A significant achievement of Family Physician and Nurse is the low rate of smoking in this age group.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Médicos de Família , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
In this study the molecular identification and susceptibility profile of 21 clinical isolates, from a Brazilian hospital, belongs to six different species of Trichosporon were described. Trichosporon asahii was the predominant species and corresponded to 43% of isolates. Eighty three percent of the strains isolated from deep sites were identified as T. asahii, while only 17% belong to a non-T. asahii species (Trichosporon inkin). In general, the MICs were high and independent of the species of Trichosporon as well as the clinical origin of strain. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were less effective against Trichosporon spp. and high MIC values of voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole were observed. Fifty-six percent (5/9) of T. asahii strains were isolated from deep sites, whereas 8% (1/12) of non-T. asahii species were isolated from those sites. A total of 89% of T. asahii isolates exhibited resistance to amphotericin B in vitro.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Micoses/microbiologia , Trichosporon/isolamento & purificação , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Equinocandinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Flucitosina/farmacologia , Fungemia/microbiologia , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Micoses/epidemiologia , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Especificidade de Órgãos , Triazóis/farmacologia , Trichosporon/classificação , Trichosporon/efeitos dos fármacos , Urina/microbiologia , Vaginite/microbiologiaRESUMO
The sequence polymorphisms of intergenic transcribed spacer and the antifungal susceptibility profile of 18 Trichosporon asahii isolates from Spain, Argentina, and Brazil together with 43 intergenic transcribed spacer 1 sequences deposited in the GenBank were analyzed. Six genotypes were detected instead of 5 genotypes described previously. Genotype 1 was the most common found comprising 57.3% of all strains, followed by genotype 3 (14.7%) and genotype 5 (13.1%). Spanish strains had members in all genotypes except 2, whereas South American isolates were grouped with genotypes 1, 3, and 6. Our results indicate that all genotypes are present in at least 2 countries suggesting a worldwide distribution. On the other hand, genotype 6 was not previously described but was only composed of 2 South American strains isolated from a subcutaneous abscess and skin. All isolates showed amphotericin B MICs>or=2 mg/L supporting the in vitro resistance of this species to this antifungal. Three isolates from South America showed high MICs to all antifungals analyzed. The true epidemiologic usefulness of classifying T. asahii in genotypes should be ascertaining analyzing a high number of isolates from many countries.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Micoses/microbiologia , Trichosporon/classificação , Trichosporon/genética , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Micoses/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Espanha/epidemiologia , Trichosporon/efeitos dos fármacos , Trichosporon/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the usefulness of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-based (RT-PCR) technique for clinical diagnosis of histoplasmosis. METHODS: Primers and probes were designed on the basis of sequences from the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA of 20 clinical strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. LightCycler procedures (Roche Applied Science) were used with probes marked by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity were analyzed. In addition, an internal control was designed to identify false negative results by PCR inhibition. The RT-PCR assay was tested in 22 clinical samples from 14 patients with proven histoplasmosis. In addition, 30 samples from patients with febrile neutropenia or mycoses other than histoplasmosis, and from healthy volunteers were analyzed as controls. RESULTS: The limit of detection of the assay was 1 fg of genomic DNA per microl of sample. The PCR-based technique was reproducible and highly specific. Positive results were obtained in 11/14 (78.6%) patients and in 17/22 (77.3%) clinical samples. RT-PCR was positive in 100% of respiratory secretions and bone marrow samples, but only 70% of sera (p < 0.01). Mean fungal DNA value was 23.1 fg/microl in serum and 4.85 x 10(3) fg/microl in respiratory and bone marrow samples. RT-PCR results were positive in serum from three HIV patients for which antibody detection by immunodiffusion was negative. Specificity was 100%, since PCR results were negative for all the control samples. CONCLUSION: Thes RT-PCR technique is a sensitive, specific method for early diagnosis of histoplasmosis, particularly when respiratory secretions or bone marrow samples are analyzed. The reliability is lower in serum, but it can be used as an additional, complementary technique to culture and serology in HIV patients.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , DNA Ribossômico/isolamento & purificação , Histoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Histoplasmose/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , África/etnologia , Líquidos Corporais/microbiologia , Medula Óssea/microbiologia , América Central/etnologia , Sistemas Computacionais , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Emigração e Imigração , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Histoplasma/genética , Histoplasmose/complicações , Histoplasmose/epidemiologia , Histoplasmose/microbiologia , Histoplasmose/transmissão , Imunodifusão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , América do Sul/etnologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , ViagemRESUMO
The physiological patterns, the sequence polymorphisms of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS), and intergenic spacer regions (IGS) of the rRNA genes and the antifungal susceptibility profile were evaluated for their ability to identify Trichosporon spp. and their specificity for the identification of 49 clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. Morphological and biochemical methodologies were unable to differentiate among the Trichosporon species. ITS sequencing was also unable to differentiate several species. However, IGS1 sequencing unambiguously identified all Trichosporon isolates. Following the results of DNA-based identification, Trichosporon asahii was the species most frequently isolated from deep sites (15 of 25 strains; 60%). In the main, other Trichosporon species were recovered from cutaneous samples. The majority of T. asahii, T. faecale, and T. coremiiforme clinical isolates exhibited resistance in vitro to amphotericin B, with geometric mean (GM) MICs >4 mug/ml. The other species of Trichosporon did not show high MICs of amphotericin B, and GM MICs were <1 mug/ml. Azole agents were active in vitro against the majority of clinical strains. The most potent compound in vitro was voriconazole, with a GM MIC