RESUMO
A study was performed in order to understand the development of digestive enzymes during initial ontogeny of Cichlasoma trimaculatum, for which the activity of acidic and alkaline proteases, lipases, amylases and phosphatases was determined by means of biochemical and electrophoretic analysis. Our results showed that the activity of alkaline proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin is present from day 6 after hatching (dah) during exogenous feeding with Artemia nauplii. The activities of carboxypeptidase A and leucine aminopeptidase are present from the first days, increasing at 6 dah and reaching their maximum activity at 9 dah while acid protease activity started at 9 dah. Furthermore, the lipase activity is detected on 6 dah and keeps increasing and decreasing on 17 dah. Amylase activity is detected on 3 dah, presenting fluctuations until 45 dah, where it reaches its maximum activity. Acid and alkaline phosphatases are detected from 3 dah and reach a maximum activity between 13 and 19 dah. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed six types of bands in the alkaline proteases, with molecular weight between 113.4 and 20.4 kDa. First three bands appear on 6 dah, but it is until 11 dah when all isoforms appear. Based on these results, it is considered that this species completes its digestive enzymatic machinery from day 9 after hatching, therefore is recommended to perform the transition from live feed to inert feed at 15 dah.
Assuntos
Aquicultura/métodos , Ciclídeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sistema Digestório/enzimologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Amilases/metabolismo , Animais , Carboxipeptidases A/metabolismo , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Ciclídeos/metabolismo , Sistema Digestório/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Leucil Aminopeptidase/metabolismo , Lipase/metabolismo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Tripsina/metabolismoRESUMO
The search for risk factors for development of germ cell tumors (GCT) in children who lived in Mexico City (MC). A protective, observational, case-control study was conducted in children under 15 years of age resident in MC, insurer by the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The study population was selected between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 1994. Parents of the children were interviewed with a 230-items precoded questionnaire, validated previously with a pilot study. For analysis were obtained simple frequencies and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). There were 21 cases and 105 controls. The most significant risk factors were winter conception (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 1.5-39.3; P = 0.007); low parental education level (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.5; P = 0.026); and parental combined dust and electricity exposure before pregnancy (OR = 26, 95% CI 2.28-1291.86; P = 0.0007). during (OR8.58, 95% CI 0.89-106.55; P = 0.041) and after pregnancy (OR = 9.66, 95% CI 0.99-120.22; P = 0.027). There was a protective effect with repetitive infections during infancy. In conclusion, Winter conception is in accordance with infectious etiology theory of GCT development. The low parental education level and the combined exposure to dust and electricity are very important. The protective effect of repetitive infections and other factors make necessary more epidemiologic studies in this field.
Assuntos
Germinoma/etiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Exposição Paterna , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , História Reprodutiva , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Seventy seven cases with discharge before 12 hours post-partum and 240 cases with discharge after 24 or more hours after delivery, were evaluated at Hospital General de México, in an observational, prospective, cohort, study in low risk deliveries. Both groups were reviewed ten days after delivery. There were no different ratios for abnormal uterine hemorrhage, urinary tract infection or endometritis. Thrombophlebitis was more frequent in early discharge patients, both statistically and clinically significant (RR3.58, CI95% 1.48-8.67, P = 0.003). This finding is discussed, as well as measures to prevent it. It is concluded that early discharge programs in low risk conditions, are convenient.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Tempo de Internação , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , México , Alta do Paciente , Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
At the Hospital de Ginecobstetricia del Centro Medico "La Raza", between october 1, 1990 to may 31, 1991, were attended 50 women with premature labor, with pregnancies of 30-36 week sold. They were given 100 mg of indomethacin, rectal, daily, in order to obtain arrest of the uterine activity. The mean doses given was 4 +/- 0.739. In 26 (52%) patients there were transient, fetal ductal constriction. In these patients there were high fetal heart rate variability during the ductal constriction time. No other fetal an neonatal effects were documented. It is recommended when indomethacin was given in premature labor treatment a fetal ecocardiogram and the fetal and neonatal study of the patients in research of cardiovascular side effects, included neonatal pulmonary hypertension syndrome.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Indometacina/administração & dosagem , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
At the Hospital de Ginecobstetricia del Centro Médico "La Raza", were taken EKG to 30 healthy premature newborn during a six month period. The first EKG was recorded 3 hours after birth, the second in 8 hours, the third in 24 h, the fourth in 48 h, the fifth in 72 hours, the sixth at the end of the first week, the seventh at the fifteen days and the eighth at 30 days after birth. The mean heart rate was 135 +/- 10 beats/min in the first week. There were heart rate elevation for the first three days after birth. The QRS mean axis were + 130 +/- 25 degrees, without changes during the study time. The QTc interval in all cases was higher than 0.42 sec. The voltage of waves R and S at right and left precordial leads were similar. At this gestational age the ventricular masses are equals. The T waves changes reflected hemodynamic changes. It is concluded what the healthy premature newborn had a typical EKG as a reflex to the cardiocirculatory adaptations.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Shows the general findings in a cohort of newborn babies born to diabetic mothers. DESIGN: Prospective and observational study, during a year (1988). PLACE: Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia del Centro Médico "La Raza", a terciary Center. RESULTS: There were 92 newborn babies born to diabetic mothers; 62 were delivery with cesarean section and 30 were vaginally; 51 were males and 41 females; with 49% prematurelly born, 38% with macrosomia; there were eight stillbirths and four neonatal deaths, with a perinatal mortality of 13%. From the live born babies in 50% had any problem with icterus in 40%, respiratory insufficiency in 22.5%, hypoglycemia in 16.2% and polycytemia in 13%; 44.5% had an uncomplicate course. There were five patients with congenital anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: The newborn baby born to diabetic mother needed a special control from early stages of pregnancy, preferable for a interdisciplinary medical team, with the goal to obtained in our perinatal mortality rate will be similar to published in the international literature, lesser of 2%.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Morte Fetal/epidemiologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/mortalidade , Gravidez em Diabéticas , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Gravidez em Diabéticas/complicações , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The study shows the gasometric and electrolytic features during the first five day from newborns from toxemic mothers. It is a prospective study, carried out during a four month period at the obstetrics premature ward at the Gynecological-Obstetrics Hospital of "La Raza" Medical Center. Thirty-three newborn babies with evidences of toxemia and who had not received any intravenous therapy were studied. Blood samples were taken and serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after birth. The results showed that six patients (18%) were anemic, and another had polycythemia. Twelve others (36%) had plaquetopenia, one had hypercalcemia, another hypocalcemia, and eleven (33%) presented hypophosphatemia. Of the initial 33 patients, 75% presented metabolic acidosis which spontaneously corrected itself within the following 72 hours. Three showed signs of hypernatremia, four hyponatremia, and two others hyperkalemia, with a return to normal levels within the next 24 hours. No chloride alterations were found in any of the patients. Some newborn babies born from toxemic mothers can spontaneously correct their electrolytic and acid-base imbalance within 72 hours of their birth. Electrolytes; toxemia.
Assuntos
Eletrólitos/sangue , Doenças do Prematuro/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Toxemia/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Monitorização Transcutânea dos Gases Sanguíneos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/complicações , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/etiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/cirurgiaAssuntos
Doença da Membrana Hialina/mortalidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Doença da Membrana Hialina/complicações , Doença da Membrana Hialina/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversosRESUMO
We describe the results of surgical repair of atrial septal defects in 36 children who did not undergo pre-op cardiac catheterization. These cases were seen at the Hospital de Cardiologia y Neumología Dr. Luis Méndez del Centro Médico Nacional. There were 24 (67%) females and twelve (33%) males. The mean age was 6.4 +/- 2.4 years with a range from three to thirteen. All cases had auscultatory findings typical of atrial septal defect. Five patients with associated tricuspid murmur (chest film showed grade I cardiomegaly in 21 (58.3 per cent), grade II cardiomegaly in fifteen (41.7 percent). Pulmonary artery shadow was normal in 24 (66.6 percent) and increased in twelve (33.3%). Pulmonary blood flow was increased in all of them. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm in 35 (97.2%). In one instance left atrial rhythm; all EKGs demonstrated right axis deviation, complete right bundle branch block and right ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic overload. Only three had right atrial hypertrophy. The M-mode echocardiogram showed right ventricular dilatation in all and paradoxically septal motion in 26 (72.2%). Two-dimensional echo with the subxiphoid view allowed direct visualization of the defect in all cases. We performed contrast echocardiogram in eight cases and Doppler echocardiogram in six of them. Cardiac surgery findings were ostium secundum atrial septal defect in 34 (94.4%). Two of them also had partial anomalous venous connection. All had uneventful recovery. We conclude that in typical atrial septal defects operative repair is feasible without prior cardiac catheterization.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interatrial/cirurgia , Adolescente , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ecocardiografia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Comunicação Interatrial/fisiopatologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
We describe the clinical course of 120 children with tricuspid atresia (TA) attended in the Hospital de Cardiología y Neumología, "Dr. Luis Méndez", del Centro Médico Nacional. There were 61 males and 59 females. The age of presentation was in 79 newborn babies, seventeen between one and six months old, 20 between six and 24 months old, and four with two or more years old. The clinical picture was hypoxic spells in 89% and congestive heart failure in the others. The chest film showed cardiomegaly in 85%, with diminished pulmonary flow in 48%, increased flow in 27.5%, and normal in 9%. The electrocardiogram with superior left axis deviation in 94%, right atrial hypertrophy in 58%, left atrial hypertrophy in 47.5% and left ventricular hypertrophy in 96%. TA was classified as type I in 103 children, type Ic in 70, Ib in 27 and Ia in six, and type II in seventeen children, with eight IIc, six IIb and three IIa. In 44 the management was medical, 63 underwent systemic-pulmonary anastomosis, 37 of them with Blalock-Taussig shunt and Fontan procedure in thirteen children. There were 21 deaths. This survey is compared with the literature and from this point we make management recommendations.