RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are considered a public health problem. Scientific research has focused on teenagers due to their higher prevalence in this population. However, other groups, such as university students, may be exposed to suffering from EDs due to their academic, social and personal characteristics. Identifying the magnitude of EDs and the associated characteristics may impact the generation of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of the risk of EDs (anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN)) and the associated factors in dental students at the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 students (76 males, 202 females) with the use of a Google-Forms survey. The validated Spanish version of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire were used. Other recorded variables included sociodemographic data, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related factors, health, and social support (the Duke-11 profile). The bivariate analysis of the risk of EDs was conducted according to different variables (95% confidence interval (CI)), followed by the logistic regression models adjusting for different variables (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% CI). RESULTS: According to EAT-26, the risk of EDs was 27.6% (18.8-38.6) for males and 28.7% (22.9-35.3) for females. However, differences between males and females were higher when the SCOFF questionnaire was applied (males: 6.6% (2.8-14.5); females: 22.3% (17.1-28.5); p < 0.01). According to the SCOFF instrument, after adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables, women were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs (aPR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06-4.57). Women receiving information from social networks were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs (aPR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.19-2.88). Multivariate models showed that women reporting poor self-rated health and some symptoms during the mandatory confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs. CONCLUSIONS: A higher risk of EDs was found in dental students. Healthcare, psychological and/or psychiatric interviews, and educational/early prevention strategies are required.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Pandemias , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Odontologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: las mujeres y las personas trans que han ejercido el trabajo sexual se encuentran vulneradas puesto que son víctimas de discriminación por su condición laboral, por su género y por los riesgos que acarrea esta labor, y esto impacta en su situación de salud. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones sobre salud (física, mental y bucal) en cuatro mujeres que ejercen la prostitución en Medellín, a partir de sus experiencias de vida y aquellas relacionadas con su contexto social. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico para analizar las situaciones mencionadas de acuerdo con el objetivo general. Se contó con la participación de cuatro mujeres: dos de nacionalidad venezolana y dos de nacionalidad colombiana; se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis de contenido cualitativo, lo cual permitió la generación de cuatro categorías (salud mental, salud bucal, salud general y calidad de vida). Resultados: sus discursos permitieron elucidar la conexión entre las condiciones de vida y la situación de salud. La falta de oportunidades laborales, un proceso migratorio de profundos cambios económicos y sociales, y una Colombia con inequidades y barreras de acceso a servicios de salud y sociales, son procesos determinantes de orden general, particular y singular de las precarias condiciones de salud bucal y general. Conclusiones: la población participante se encuentra en situación de vulnerabilidad social y de salud, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de políticas públicas y estrategias basadas en la realidad social que contribuyan a generar equidad en salud.
Introduction: women and trans people who have engaged in sex work are triply vulnerable since they are victims of discrimination due to their employment status, their gender, and the risks that this work entails, this impacts their health situation. This study aimed to know the perceptions about health (physical, mental, and oral) of four women who work in prostitution in Medellin, based on their life experiences and those related to their social context. Methods: qualitative research with an ethnographic approach was conducted to analyze the situations mentioned. Four women participated, two Venezuelans and two Colombians, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was performed, which allowed the generation of four categories (mental health, oral health, general health, and quality of life). Results: her discourses made it possible to elucidate the connection between the living conditions and the health situation. Lack of job opportunities, a migratory process of profound economic and social changes, and a Colombia with inequities and barriers to access to health and social services are determining processes of a general and singular order of the precarious conditions of oral health and general. Conclusions: the participating population is in a situation of social and health vulnerability, which shows the need for public policies and strategies based on the social reality that contribute to generating equity in health.
RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: comprender la satisfacción en jóvenes de Medellín, Colombia, frente a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva ofertados en la Ciudad durante el período 2014-2015. Metodología: estudio cualitativo que utilizó la teoría fundada como método y el interaccionismo simbólico como perspectiva teórica. Para la recolección de información se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo focal con jóvenes entre 14 y 25 años, usuarios de los servicios de salud para jóvenes en la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: la manera de ofrecer la atención y las características actitudinales del prestador del servicio son vitales para el logro de la satisfacción y la adhesión al servicio de asesoría en salud sexual y reproductiva. La escucha activa, el respeto, la construcción de confianza y la información diversa y sin tabúes, son fundamentales para responder a las necesidades de la población joven y generar un vínculo joven-prestador. Conclusión: para los jóvenes, la satisfacción y la adherencia a los servicios de salud están íntimamente ligados a la construcción de un vínculo de confianza con el servicio y con el prestador del servicio a partir de compartir y conversar lo que se vive, se piensa y se siente cotidianamente, promoviendo conciencia de autocuidado, actitudes críticas y reflexivas frente a la toma de decisiones.
Abstract Objective: To understand the satisfaction level of young people from Medellin, Colombia, about the sexual and reproductive health services offered in the City during the 2014-2015 period. Methodology: qualitative study that used grounded theory as a method and symbolic interactionism as a theoretical perspective. The collection of information was carried out by applying nine in-depth interviews and one focus group with young people between 14 and 25 years old, users of health services for young people in the city of Medellin. Results: The way of offering care and the attitudinal characteristics of the service provider are vital for achieving satisfaction and adherence to the sexual and reproductive health advisory service. Active listening, respect, trust building and diverse taboofree information is essential to respond to the needs of the young population and generate a young-provider bond. Conclusion: for young people, satisfaction and adherence to health services are intimately linked to building a bond of trust with the service and with the service provider based on sharing and talking about what is experienced, what is thought and what is felt on a daily basis, promoting awareness of self-care, critical and thoughtful attitudes towards decision-making.
Resumo Objetivo: compreender a satisfação em jovens de Medellín, Colômbia, frente aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva ofertados na Cidade durante o período 2014-2015. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo que utilizou a teoria fundada como método e o interaccionismo simbólico como perspectiva teórica. Para a colheita de informação foram feitas nove entrevistas em profundidade e um grupo focal com jovens entre 14 e 25 anos, usuários dos serviços de saúde para jovens na cidade de Medellín. Resultados: a maneira de oferecer a atenção e as características atitudinais do prestador do serviço são vitais para o logro da satisfação a adesão ao serviço de assessoria em saúde sexual e reprodutiva. A escuta ativa, o respeito, a construção de confiança e a informação diversa e sem tabus, são fundamentais para responder às necessidades da população jovem e gerar um vínculo jovem-prestador. Conclusão: para os jovens, a satisfação e a aderência aos serviços de saúde estão intimamente ligados à construção de um vínculo de confiança com o serviço e com o prestador do serviço a partir de compartir e conversar o que se vive, se pensa e se sente cotidianamente, promovendo consciência de autocuidado, atitudes críticas e reflexivas frente à toma de decisões.
RESUMO
En la ortodoncia clínica se le hace un gran énfasis a la hipo o hiperáctividad de los labios y su efecto sobre la posición dental. Este estudio evaluó el comportamiento de la elasticidad labial en sujetos con variaciones en la proyección anteroposterior de su dentición: 9 clase I, 9 con biprotrusión dentoalveolar y 8 con clase II división 2. Mediante un análisis de cluster se realizó una estratificación de la muestra teniendo en cuenta la variable elasticidad y a los 3 grupos obtenidos se les realizó un test de Manova. Al evaluar la agrupación realizada según la elasticidad, y al observar que las evidentes maloclusiones quedaron mezcladas en los tres grupos de elasticidad, se puede concluir que la clasificación tradicional de Angle parece arbitraria desde el punto de vista dinámico.