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The development of hybrid plants can increase the production and quality of blue corn, and, thus, satisfy its high demand. For this development, it is essential to understand the heterotic relationships of the germplasm. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, as well as the reciprocal effects (REs) on the yields of 10 blue corn lines, and to select the outstanding lines. Diallel crosses were generated with 10 lines and evaluated at the Valle de México Experimental Station in Chapingo, Mexico, and Calpulalpan, Tlaxcala, Mexico. There were differences (p ≤ 0.01) in the hybrids, Loc, effects of GCA, SCA, and REs, and in the following interactions: hybrids × Loc, GCA × Loc, SCA × Loc, and RE × Loc. For GCA, lines Ll, L4, L6, and L9 stood out, with significant values of 3.4, 2.9, 2.9, and 3.1, respectively. For SCA, the hybrids featured were L4 × L10, L2 × L10, L1 × L10, L7 × L8, and L2 × L6, with values of 3.0, 2.5, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2, and yields of 11.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.4, and 10.5 t ha-l, respectively. There were no significant REs in these lines. Considerable effects of GCA and SCA were detected; therefore, we concluded that native populations had favorable dominance and additive genetic effects that could be used to support the development of high-yielding lines and hybrids.
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Introduction: Proteolytic processing of amyloid protein precursor by ß-site secretase enzyme (BACE1) is dependent on the cellular lipid composition and is affected by endomembrane trafficking in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid monounsaturation (MUFAs), whose accumulation is strongly associated with cognitive dysfunction. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the relationship between BACE1 and SCD1 in vivo and in vitro neurodegenerative models and their association in familial AD (FAD), sporadic AD (SAD), and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) using microscopy, biochemical, and mass SPECT approach. Results: Our findings showed that BACE1 and SCD1 immunoreactivities were increased and colocalized in astrocytes of the hippocampus in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia (2-VO). A synergistic effect of double BACE1/SCD1 silencing on the recovery of motor and cognitive functions was obtained. This neuroprotective regulation involved the segregation of phospholipids (PLs) associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hippocampus, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum. The double silencing in the sham and ischemic groups was stronger in the serum, inducing an inverse ratio between total phosphatydilcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), represented mainly by the reduction of PC 38:4 and PC 36:4 and an increase in LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:0. Furthermore, PC 38:4 and PC:36:4 levels augmented in pathological conditions in in vitro AD models. BACE1 and SCD1 increases were confirmed in the hippocampus of FAD, SAD, and CADASIL. Conclusion: Therefore, the findings suggest a novel convergence of BACE-1 and SCD1 in neurodegeneration, related to pro-inflammatory phospholipids.
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Si bien la enfermedad de Wernicke es un desorden neurológico poco frecuente que se produce por el déficit de tiamina, cuando ocurre es una emergencia médica, ya que la ausencia de tratamiento conduce a una psicosis de Korsakoff e, incluso, a la muerte. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en el cual la resonancia magnética (RM), que tiene imágenes características, fue fundamental para el diagnóstico precoz...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Encefalopatia de Wernicke , Complexo Vitamínico B , Deficiência de Tiamina/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , TiaminaRESUMO
Si bien la enfermedad de Wernicke es un desorden neurológico poco frecuente que se produce por el déficit de tiamina, cuando ocurre es una emergencia médica, ya que la ausencia de tratamiento conduce a una psicosis de Korsakoff e, incluso, a la muerte. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en el cual la resonancia magnética (RM), que tiene imágenes características, fue fundamental para el diagnóstico precoz.(AU)
Even if Wernickes disease is a rare neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, when it occurs, it is considered as a medical emergency, because the absence of treatment leads to Korsakoff psychosis and even death. We report the case of a patient in whom typical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings were key to an early diagnosis.(AU)
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Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Adulto , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , RadiografiaAssuntos
Estenose das Carótidas/terapia , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Stents/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypoenhanced regions on multidetector CT (MDCT) coronary angiography correlate with myocardial hyperperfusion. In addition to a limited capillary density, chronic myocardial infarction (MI) commonly contains a considerable amount of adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE: We explored whether regional myocardial hypoenhancement on contrast-enhanced MDCT could be identified with standard coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring acquisitions with noncontrast CT. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a history of MI who were referred for contrast-enhanced MDCT from November 2006 until March 2009 were studied. Noncontrast CT for CAC scoring was also performed. The correlation between regional myocardial hypoenhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and regional myocardial hypoattenuated areas on noncontrast CT was defined. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients (mean age, 61.5+/-12.5 years; n=67; 81% male) with previous MI were studied. A total of 1411 myocardial segments were evaluated. Two hundred thirty-nine segments (17%) showed myocardial hypoenhancement by MDCT and 140 segments (9.6%) by CAC. On a patient level, noncontrast CT showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 66% (95% CI, 0.53-0.77), 100% (95% CI, 0.76-1.00), 100% (95% CI, 0.90-1.00), and 41% (95% CI, 0.26-0.58), respectively, to detect myocardial hypoenhancement. On a per segment level, noncontrast CT showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 58% (95% CI, 0.51-0.64), 100% (95% CI, 0.99-1.00), 99% (95% CI, 0.94-1.00), and 92% (95% CI, 0.90-0.93), respectively, to detect myocardial hypoenhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that chronic MI can be detected with standard CAC scoring acquisitions.
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Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Revascularização Miocárdica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Idoso , Calcinose/patologia , Doença Crônica , Meios de Contraste , Circulação Coronária , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Necrose , Estudos Retrospectivos , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
Plant root exudates contain a range of low molecular weight metabolites that trigger many of the structural and physiological changes associated with the progression and establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, the physiological response triggered by acetosyringone (AS) was studied in Glomus intraradices. Incubation of G. intraradices spores with AS resulted in an overall increase in hyphal respiration. A G. intraradices cDNA library was then screened with a total cDNA probe obtained from the AS-treated spores and mycelium. cDNAs from genes induced in AS-treated G. intraradices were assigned to different functional categories, such as protein synthesis, membrane transport, signal transduction, and general metabolism, but without further information regarding their function or identity. A cDNA coding a fragment of a histidine kinase was also induced by AS, suggesting a two-component mediated response to the metabolite. In addition, the differential accumulation of a cruciform DNA-binding protein mRNA, termed as GiBP1, was also observed. Time-course experiments demonstrated the rapid accumulation of GiBP1 within 2 h of AS induction. These results indicate the presence of a set of fungal genes that are induced by AS. These findings are discussed in terms of the possible molecular events that follow the exchange of signals between mycorrhizal symbionts.
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Acetofenonas/metabolismo , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glomeromycota/efeitos dos fármacos , Glomeromycota/metabolismo , Micorrizas/metabolismo , RNA Fúngico/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Hifas/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Propósito. Demostrar la utilidad de la resonancia magnética (RM) en la evaluación de las lesiones obstétricas del plexo braquial. Material y métodos. Fueron evaluados mediante RM de campo alto (1,5 Tesla) 23 pacientes con semiología correspondiente a parálisis del plexo braquial. Se estudió con bobina de cerebro en los planos axial, coronal oblicuo y sagital en secuencias ponderadas para T1, T2 y STIR. Resultados. En cuatro pacientes (17 por ciento) el examen fue considerado como normal. En 19 pacientes (83 por ciento) se obtuvieron hallazgos patológicos (pseudomeningoceles, neuromas, tumor y quiste aracnoideo). Conclusión. La RM es un método no invasivo que logra determinar el sitio y grado de compromiso del plexo braquial, permitiendo de esta manera programar en forma precisa la terapéutica a instituir (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Plexo Braquial/lesões , Traumatismos do Nascimento/diagnóstico , Paralisia/diagnóstico , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico , Paralisia/etiologia , Paralisia/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/etiologiaRESUMO
Propósito. Demostrar la utilidad de la resonancia magnética (RM) en la evaluación de las lesiones obstétricas del plexo braquial. Material y métodos. Fueron evaluados mediante RM de campo alto (1,5 Tesla) 23 pacientes con semiología correspondiente a parálisis del plexo braquial. Se estudió con bobina de cerebro en los planos axial, coronal oblicuo y sagital en secuencias ponderadas para T1, T2 y STIR. Resultados. En cuatro pacientes (17 por ciento) el examen fue considerado como normal. En 19 pacientes (83 por ciento) se obtuvieron hallazgos patológicos (pseudomeningoceles, neuromas, tumor y quiste aracnoideo). Conclusión. La RM es un método no invasivo que logra determinar el sitio y grado de compromiso del plexo braquial, permitiendo de esta manera programar en forma precisa la terapéutica a instituir