RESUMO
This study presents evidence of validity and reliability of the results obtained with the Cognitive Screening (TRIACOG) to evaluate post-stroke adults. The TRIACOG assesses orientation memory, language, arithmetic, praxis, information processing speed, and executive functions. A total of 126 post-stroke adults (M = 63.50; SD = 13.28 years old) and 126 neurologically healthy adults (M = 61.97; SD = 11.48 years old) participated in the study. Performance on the TRIACOG was positively correlated with scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), schooling, and reading and writing habits, and negatively correlated with the NIHSS and Rankin scales. Post-stroke adults scored lower and took longer to complete the instrument than neurologically healthy adults. Inter-rater agreement was achieved in scoring the TRIACOG. The TRIACOG presents evidence of validity based on its relationships to other variables (criterion and convergent) and on response processes, in addition to presenting reliability evidence established by inter-rater agreement. We expect that the TRIACOG will be employed by health workers in hospital settings, health units, and medical offices.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Cognição/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
Symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, arranged along a continuum, are commonly associated with neuropsychological and academic deficits, even in the general population. The aim of this study is to analyze how Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with the performance in neuropsychological and academic abilities (phonological processing, processing speed/automatic attention, executive functions, reading, and spelling) in school-age children. The sample consisted of 216 children from 3rd and 4th grades (M = 8.94 years old, SD =.71) from public elementary schools of two Brazilian capitals. Pearson correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were performed. Inattention symptoms were the only predictors of performance in phonological processing (phoneme suppression and rapid automatized naming of letters), processing speed/automatic attention, executive functions, such as inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and reading fluency. Beta values ranged from .14 to .27, and the largest value was related to an inhibitory control task. Inattention, and not hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, seems to affect neuropsychological functions even in non-clinical diagnosed children. Contributions and future directions are discussed.
Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos/normas , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verily which components of the working memory (WM) model (phonological, visuospatial and central executive) predict the performance in fluid intelligence (FI), considering age, schooling and school type. The participants were 419 children aged between six and 12 years old, from the first year to the sixth grade of Primary School from public and private schools of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The WM subtests ofthe NEUPSILIN-Inf- Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery - for children - were administered, and Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test served as FI measure. In the linear regression analysis, the executive component primarily explained the relationship between WM and FI in children, rather than phonological component. When sociodemographic variables were included, age, school type and the executive component explained 47% ofFI variance, but the predictive power of the executive component was reduced. The results reinforce the primary relationship between executive processing ofWM and FI, as well as the importance of taking into account sociodemographic variables, so the relationship between these constructs are not overestimated.
El objetivo de este estudio fue constatar qué componentes del modelo de memoria de trabajo (MT): fonológico, visuoespacial y ejecutivo central, predicen el rendimiento en la inteligencia fluida (IF), teniendo en cuenta edad, nivel de educación y tipo de escuela. Participaron 419 niños, entre seis y 12 años, del primero al sexto grado de primaria de escuelas públicas y privadas de Río Grande del Sur (Brasil). Se aplicaron los subtests de MT del Instrumento de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Breve Infantil (NEUPSILIN-Inf) y el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Colores de Raven como medida de IF. En el análisis de regresión lineal, el componente ejecutivo explicó principalmente la relación entre MT y IF en la infancia, en lugar del componente fonológico. Cuando se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, edad, tipo de escuela y el componente ejecutivo explicaron 47 % de la varianza de la IF, pero hubo una reducción en el poder predictivo del componente ejecutivo. Los resultados refuerzan la relación entre el procesamiento ejecutivo y la FI, así como la importancia de tener en cuenta las variables sociodemográficas, de modo que la magnitud de la relación entre estos constructos no se sobrevalore.
Assuntos
Inteligência , Memória , NeuropsicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to test the ability of adolescents with a current anxiety diagnosis to recognize facial affective expressions, compared to those without an anxiety disorder. METHODS: Forty cases and 27 controls were selected from a larger cross sectional community sample of adolescents, aged from 10 to 17 years old. Adolescent's facial recognition of six human emotions (sadness, anger, disgust, happy, surprise and fear) and neutral faces was assessed through a facial labeling test using Ekman's Pictures of Facial Affect (POFA). RESULTS: Adolescents with anxiety disorders had a higher mean number of errors in angry faces as compared to controls: 3.1 (SD=1.13) vs. 2.5 (SD=2.5), OR=1.72 (CI95% 1.02 to 2.89; p=0.040). However, they named neutral faces more accurately than adolescents without anxiety diagnosis: 15% of cases vs. 37.1% of controls presented at least one error in neutral faces, OR=3.46 (CI95% 1.02 to 11.7; p=0.047). No differences were found considering other human emotions or on the distribution of errors in each emotional face between the groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings support an anxiety-mediated influence on the recognition of facial expressions in adolescence. These difficulty in recognizing angry faces and more accuracy in naming neutral faces may lead to misinterpretation of social clues and can explain some aspects of the impairment in social interactions in adolescents with anxiety disorders.