RESUMO
The irrigate district of Usosaldaña, an important agricultural area in Colombia mainly devoted to rice crop production, is subjected to an intensive use of pesticides. Monitoring these compounds is necessary to know the impact of phytosanitary products in the different environmental compartments. In this work, surface water and soil samples from different sites of this area have been analyzed by applying an analytical methodology for large screening based on the use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) hyphenated to liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC). Several pesticides were detected and unequivocally identified, such as the herbicides atrazine, diuron or clomazone. Some of their main metabolites and/or transformation products (TPs) like deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and 3,4-dichloroaniline were also identified in the samples. Among fungicides, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, propiconazole and epoxiconazole were the most frequently detected. Insecticides such as thiacloprid, or p,p'-DDT metabolites (p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE) were also found. Thanks to the accurate-mass full-spectrum acquisition in TOF MS it was feasible to widen the number of compounds to be investigated to other families of contaminants. This allowed the detection of emerging contaminants, such as the antioxidant 3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxy-toluene (BHT), its metabolite 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), or the solar filter benzophenone, among others.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Doce/química , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Colômbia , Monitoramento Ambiental/instrumentação , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fungicidas Industriais/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/instrumentação , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Herbicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análiseRESUMO
Con el objetivo de medir la asociacion de algun tipo particular de grupo sanguineo con la trombosis venosa, se hicieron pruebas clasificatorias a 107 pacientes con trombosis venosa en los miembros. Para los fines de comparacion fue utilizado un grupo control constituido por 18.927 personas supuestamente sanas (donantes voluntarios) estudiado en el Banco de Sangre Provincial de Ciudad de La Habana.Las frecuencias segun el tipo sanguineo, fueron comparadas entre pacientes controles, encontrandose una preponderancia del grupo AB y del Factor Rh negativo entre los pacientes que padecen de trombosis venosa. En cuanto al sexo no hubo diferencias para los grupos estudiados