RESUMO

Rationale: Epilepsy affects over 70 million people globally, with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) often progressing to a drug-resistant state. Recent research has highlighted the role of reactive astrocytes and glutamate dysregulation in epilepsy pathophysiology. This study aims to investigate the involvement of astrocytic xCT, a glutamate-cystine antiporter, and its regulation by the m6A reader protein YTHDC2 in TLE-HS. Methods: A pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model in mice was used to study the role of xCT in reactive astrocytes. The expression of xCT and its regulation by YTHDC2 were assessed through various molecular and cellular techniques. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels of xCT and YTHDC2, respectively; immunofluorescence was utilized to visualize their localization and expression in astrocytes. In vivo glutamate measurements were conducted using microdialysis to monitor extracellular glutamate levels in the hippocampus. RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) was performed to investigate the binding of YTHDC2 to SLC7A11 mRNA, while methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) was performed to quantify m6A modifications on SLC7A11 mRNA. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to assess the effect of m6A modifications on SLC7A11 mRNA translation, and polysome profiling was employed to evaluate the translational efficiency of SLC7A11 mRNA. Inhibition experiments involved shRNA-mediated knockdown of SLC7A11 (commonly known as xCT) and YTHDC2 expression in astrocytes. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were used to monitor seizure activity in mice. Results: The xCT transporter in reactive astrocytes significantly contributes to elevated extracellular glutamate levels, enhancing neuronal excitability and seizure activity. Increased xCT expression is influenced by the m6A reader protein YTHDC2, which regulates its expression through m6A methylation. Inhibition of xCT or YTHDC2 in astrocytes reduces glutamate levels and effectively controls seizures in a mouse model. Specifically, mice with SLC7A11- or YTHDC2-knockdown astrocytes showed decreased glutamate concentration in the hippocampus and reduced frequency and duration of epileptic seizures. Conclusions: This study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting YTHDC2 and xCT in reactive astrocytes to mitigate epilepsy. The findings provide a novel perspective on the mechanisms of glutamate dysregulation and their implications in seizure pathophysiology, suggesting that modulation of YTHDC2 and xCT could be a promising strategy for treating TLE.

Assuntos

Sistema y+ de Transporte de Aminoácidos , Astrócitos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Ácido Glutâmico , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/metabolismo , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/genética , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Sistema y+ de Transporte de Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Sistema y+ de Transporte de Aminoácidos/genética , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Masculino , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Pilocarpina , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Humanos

RESUMO

As biomass, rice straw (RS) is often valorized as a precursor of green products. In this respect, the RS-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized doped with N and S during the preparation. Synergistic doping with lipoic acid and ethylenediamine can vastly increase the yield of CQD from rice straw from 6.14 % to 62.8 %, and sulfur doping plays a more important role on the surface functional groups of the quantum dots. Further assessment is achieved toward the performance of SN-CQDs-hydroxypropyl cellulose nanocomposites. The optical behavior of synthesized SN-CQDs, and the critical concentration of its liquid crystal behaviors, at which the anisotropic phase begins to emerge, is approximately 1 %. Incorporating it into HPC, especially at 5 %, provided nanocomposite films with effective liquid crystal, tensile strength, and thermal stability. This sample's texture reveals a planar structure with colors ranging from yellow to red. The synergistic effect of incorporating SN-CQDs is shown by improving the strength to ~282.1 %, and the activation energy increased from 583.6 kJ.mol-1 to 615.1 kJ/mol. HPC-SN-CQDs can be assembled into an LED device, emitting warm light, of which CIE coordinate is (0.34,0.43).

Assuntos

Carbono , Celulose , Nanocompostos , Nitrogênio , Oryza , Pontos Quânticos , Enxofre , Pontos Quânticos/química , Celulose/química , Celulose/análogos & derivados , Oryza/química , Nanocompostos/química , Carbono/química , Nitrogênio/química , Enxofre/química , Resistência à Tração

RESUMO

It is an interesting research topic to study the interfacial interactions between hemicellulose and cellulose, specifically how hemicellulose's structure affects its binding to cellulose nanofibers. Our research proposes that dispersion interaction play an important role in this interfacial interaction, more so than electrostatic forces when considering the adherence of cellulose to xylan. To quantify these interactions, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) colloidal probe technique is applied to measure the intermolecular forces between cellulose nanofibers, which are attached to the probe and xylan. These measured forces are then analyzed in relation to the length, diameter and functional groups of the nanocellulose, as well as the molecular weight and side chains of the xylan. Moreover, the predominance of dispersion forces by contrasting the adhesive forces before and after the grafting of a large nonpolar group onto xylan. This modification significantly reduces contact between the cellulose and xylan backbone, thereby markedly diminishing the dispersion interactions. Parallel to the AFM experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations corroborate the experimental results and support our hypotheses. Collectively, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of polysaccharide interactions within lignocellulose.

Assuntos

Celulose , Microfibrilas , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Polissacarídeos , Xilanos , Microscopia de Força Atômica/métodos , Polissacarídeos/química , Celulose/química , Xilanos/química , Microfibrilas/química , Microfibrilas/ultraestrutura , Coloides/química , Nanofibras/química , Nanofibras/ultraestrutura

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system. Approximately, one-third of patients show resistance to pharmacological interventions. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex, and neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role. Aberrantly reactive astrocytes, induced by cytokine release from activated microglia, may lead to neuronal apoptosis. This study investigated the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) in microglial activation in epilepsy and its impact on astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity. METHODS: We used human hippocampal tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and a pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse model to assess neurobiological changes in epilepsy. BV2 microglial cells and primary astrocytes were used to evaluate cytokine release and astrocyte activation in vitro. The involvement of GLP1R was explored using the GLP1R agonist, Exendin-4 (Ex-4). RESULTS: Our findings indicated that reduced GLP1R expression in hippocampal microglia in both epileptic mouse models and human patients, correlated with increased cytokine release and astrocyte activation. Ex-4 treatment restored microglial homeostasis, decreased cytokine secretion, and reduced astrocyte activation, particularly of the A1 phenotype. These changes were associated with a reduction in neuronal apoptosis. In addition, Ex-4 treatment significantly decreased the frequency and duration of seizures in epileptic mice. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the crucial role of microglial GLP1R in epilepsy pathophysiology. GLP1R downregulation contributes to microglial- and astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity, exacerbating neuronal death and seizures. Activation of GLP1R with Ex-4 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce neuroinflammation, protect neuronal cells, and control seizures in epilepsy. This study provides a foundation for developing novel antiepileptic therapies targeting microglial GLP1R, with the potential to improve outcomes in patients with epilepsy.

Assuntos

Apoptose , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1 , Hipocampo , Microglia , Neurônios , Animais , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1/agonistas , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Camundongos , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patologia , Exenatida/farmacologia , Exenatida/uso terapêutico , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/patologia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Epilepsia/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/patologia , Feminino , Adulto , Pilocarpina , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Citocinas/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/metabolismo , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade

RESUMO

Efficiently utilization of plant resources is heavily restricted by the resistance of lignocellulose in plant cells, which is related to the interlinkages of lignocellulose components. Hemicellulose in plant cell wall is bound to cellulose by hydrogen bond and linked with lignin in lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). In the xylan chain of hemicellulose, glucuronic acid (GA) is a typical side-group, which provides clues for us to label and locate hemicellulose. The way to label GA on the surface of pulp fibers obtained from pulping process is benefit to explore the deconstruction of lignocellulose. Herein, a new visualization method, fluorescence modified molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were applied to recognize and locate GA on the pulp fiber surface. The method combining fluorescence imaging and integrated 3D fiber structure verified the feasibility of the MIP for specific GA recognition. The results showed that xylan (represented by GA) was closely attached to lignin, distributed along the inner wall of pulp fiber cells, and gradually taken off from the inside edge of fiber cells with the deconstruction of lignocellulose. This research provided a basis to develop visualization bioimaging technology to identify biomass components.

Assuntos

Lignina , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos , Xilanos , Xilanos/química , Xilanos/metabolismo , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos/química , Lignina/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Impressão Molecular/métodos

RESUMO

Harvesting energy from air water (atmospheric moisture) promises a sustainable self-powered system without any restrictions from specific environmental requirements (e.g., solar cells, hydroelectric, or thermoelectric devices). However, the present moisture-induced power devices traditionally generate intermittent or bursts of energy, especially for much lower current outputs (generally keeping at nA or µA levels) from the ambient environment, typically suffering from inferior ionic conductivity and poor hierarchical structure design for manipulating sustained air water and ion-charge transport. Here, we demonstrate a universal strategy to design a high-performance bilayer polyelectrolyte ion paper conductor for generating continuous electric power from ambient humidity. The generator can produce a continuous voltage of up to 0.74 V and also an exceptional current of 5.63 mA across a single 1.0 mm-thick ion paper conductor. We discover that the sandwiched LiCl-nanocellulose-engineered paper promises an ion-transport junction between the negatively and positively charged bilayer polyelectrolytes for application in MEGs with both high voltage and high current outputs. Moreover, we demonstrated the universality of this bilayer sandwich nanocellulose-salt engineering strategy with other anions and cations, exhibiting similar power generation ability, indicating that it could be the next generation of sustainable MEGs with low cost, easier operation, and high performance.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) variably. However, how brain substrates restrict DBS outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we aim to identify prognostic brain signatures for explaining the response variability. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated a cohort of patients with PD (n = 141) between 2017 and 2022, and defined DBS outcomes as the improvement ratio of clinical motor scores. We used a deviation index to quantify individual perturbations on a reference structural covariance network acquired with preoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The neurobiological perturbations of patients were represented as z scored indices based on the chronological perturbations measured on a group of normal aging adults. RESULTS: After applying stringent statistical tests (z > 2.5) and correcting for false discoveries (P < 0.01), we found that accelerated deviations mainly affected the prefrontal cortex, motor strip, limbic system, and cerebellum in PD. Particularly, a negative network within the accelerated deviations, expressed as "more preoperative deviations, less postoperative improvements," could predict DBS outcomes (mean absolute error = 0.09, R2 = 0.15). Moreover, a fusion of personal brain predictors and medical responses significantly improved traditional evaluations of DBS outcomes. Notably, the most important brain predictor, a pathway connecting the cognitive unit (prefrontal cortex) and motor control unit (cerebellum and motor strip), partially mediates DBS outcomes with the age at surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individual structural perturbations on the cognitive motor control circuit are critical for modulating DBS outcomes. Interventions toward the circuit have the potential for additional clinical improvements. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Assuntos

Conectoma , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a viable therapeutic for advanced Parkinson's disease. However, the efficacy and safety of STN-DBS under local anesthesia (LA) versus general anesthesia (GA) remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to compare them using an expanded sample size. METHODS: The databases of Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline were systematically searched for eligible cohort studies published between 1967 and 2023. Clinical efficacy was assessed using either Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section III scores or levodopa equivalent dosage requirements. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess complications (adverse effects related to stimulation, general neurological and surgical complications, and hardware-related complications). RESULTS: Fifteen studies, comprising of 13 retrospective cohort studies and 2 prospective cohort studies, involving a total of 943 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicate that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regards to improvement in UPDRS III score or postoperative levodopa equivalent dosage requirement. However, subgroup analysis revealed that patients who underwent GA with intraoperative imaging had higher UPDRS III score improvement compared to those who received LA with microelectrode recording (MER) (P = .03). No significant difference was found in the improvement of UPDRS III scores between the GA group and LA group with MER. Additionally, there were no notable differences in the incidence rates of complications between these 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis indicates that STN-DBS performed under GA or LA have similar clinical outcomes and complications. Therefore, GA may be a suitable option for patients with severe symptoms who cannot tolerate the procedure under LA. Additionally, the GA group with intraoperative imaging showed better clinical outcomes than the LA group with MER. A more compelling conclusion would require larger prospective cohort studies with a substantial patient population and extended long follow-up to validate.

Assuntos

Anestesia Geral , Anestesia Local , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Doença de Parkinson , Núcleo Subtalâmico , Humanos , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Anestesia Local/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

Secondary trigeminal neuralgia after brainstem infarction is rare and rarely reported. A patient with secondary trigeminal neuralgia after brainstem infarction was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The patient was a 44 years old male who underwent motor cortex stimulation treatment after admission. The effect was satisfactory in the first week after surgery, but the effect was not satisfactory after one week. This disease is relatively rare and the choice of clinical treatment still requires long-term observation.

Assuntos

Infartos do Tronco Encefálico , Córtex Motor , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/etiologia , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/terapia , Hospitalização , Hospitais

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and prognosis of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and complete Meige syndrome, and to search for the best therapeutic subregion within the GPi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected for 36 patients with Meige syndrome who underwent bilateral GPi-DBS surgery at our hospital between March 2014 and February 2022. Using the Burk-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS)-Movement (BFMDRS-M) and BFMDRS-Disability (BFMDRS-D), the severity of the symptoms of patients with complete Meige syndrome was evaluated before surgery and at specific time points after surgery. Patients with BEB were clinically evaluated for the severity of blepharospasm using BFMDRS-M, the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI), and Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the GPi-electrode was performed in some patients using the lead-DBS software, and the correlation between GPi subregion volume of tissue activated (VTA) and symptom improvement was analyzed in patients six months after surgery. The follow-up duration ranged from six to 99 months. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative scores, the results of all patients at six months after surgery and final follow-up showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mean BFMDRS-M score. Among them, the average BFMDRS-M improvement rates in patients with BEB at six months after surgery and final follow-up were 60.3% and 69.7%, respectively, whereas those in patients with complete Meige syndrome were 54.5% and 58.3%, respectively. The average JRS and BDI scores of patients with BEB also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at six months after surgery and at the final follow-up (JRS improvement: 38.6% and 49.1%, respectively; BDI improvement: 42.6% and 57.4%, respectively). We were unable to identify significantly correlated prognostic factors. There was a significant correlation between GPi occipital VTA and symptom improvement in patients at six months after surgery (r = 0.34, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that bilateral GPi-DBS is an effective treatment for Meige syndrome, with no serious postoperative complications. The VTA in the GPi subregion may be related to the movement score improvement. In addition, further research is needed to predict patients with poor surgical outcomes.

RESUMO

Photoinduced metal-free ATRP has been successfully applied to fabricate thermo-responsive cellulose graft copolymer (PNIPAM-g-Cell) using 2-bromoisobuturyl bromide-modified cellulose as the macroinitiator. The polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) from cellulose was efficiently activated and deactivated with UV irradiation in the presence of an organic-based photo-redox catalyst. Both FTIR and 13C NMR analysis confirmed the structural similarity between the obtained PNIPAM-g-Cell and that synthesized via traditional ATRP methods. When the concentration of the PNIPAM-g-Cell is over 5% in water, it forms an injectable thermos-responsive hydrogel composed of micelles at 37 °C. Since organic photocatalysis is a metal-free ATRP, it overcomes the challenge of transition-metal catalysts remaining in polymer products, making this cellulose-based graft copolymer suitable for biomedical applications. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the hydrogel can continuously release DOX for up to 10 days, and its cytotoxicity indicates that it is highly biocompatible. Based on these findings, this cellulose-based injectable, thermo-responsive drug-loaded hydrogel is suitable for intelligent drug delivery systems.

Assuntos

Acrilamidas , Resinas Acrílicas , Celulose , Hidrogéis , Hidrogéis/química , Polimerização , Polímeros/química , Temperatura

RESUMO

A comparison between artificially inoculated Mao-tofu (CC) and naturally fermented Mao-tofu (MM) indicated that artificially adding Mucor plasmaticus to Mao-tofu dramatically enhanced the essential amino acid (EAA) content, as well as umami and sweet amino acids. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that phenol (3.226 µg/g), 1-octen-3-ol (5.031 µg/g), ethyl heptanoate (1.646 µg/g), and indole (3.422 µg/g) were the key flavor components in Mao-tofu. Unlike MM, CC displayed a substantial increase in esters and a considerable decrease in foul odor substances, including sulfur-containing compounds and indole. Lactococcus raffinolactis, Enterobacter sp. 638, and Streptococcus parauberis KCTC 11537 represented the key bacterial species altering the amino acids and flavor of Mao-tofu according to PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and correlation analysis. This study presents the technical feasibility of artificially inoculating Mao-tofu to regulate the core bacterial communities and control the quality of fermented soybean products.

RESUMO

It is believed that hemicellulose plays a crucial role in binding cellulose and lignin in plant cells. It may provide significant implications through figuring out the interaction between hemicellulose and microfibers and gaining insights how the structure of hemicellulose affects its association with cellulose nanofibers. Herein, the hemicellulose and nanocellulose fractions from pulps obtained by controlling the H-factors of kraft pulping process were quantitatively evaluated for their adsorption behavior using QCM-D. The results showed that harsher cooking (corresponding to high H-factor) significantly affected the chemical composition of hemicellulose, leading to a decrease of its molecular weight and gradually turning it into a linear structure. Hemicellulose possesses a strong natural affinity for CNC-coated sensors. The hemicellulose from the pulp cooked by high H-factor process decreases its ability to adsorb onto nanocellulose, the adsorption rate also slows down, and the conformation of the adsorbed layer changes which makes the binding weak and reversible. In conclusion, the pulping process in high H-factor significantly changed the structure of hemicellulose, leading to a variation in the strength of its interaction with nanocellulose.

Assuntos

Celulose , Polissacarídeos , Celulose/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Lignina/química , Peso Molecular

RESUMO

ß-Cyclodextrin (ß-CD) is often used as a drug carrier for biomedical materials due to its unique cavity structure. Herein, ß-CD was modified by acryloyl chloride and further copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) to obtain PNIPAM-co-ß-CD-AC. The results showed that the critical phase transition temperature of PNIPAM/ß-CD-AC could be controlled at 19 °C, and the fast sol-gel phase transition was realized in 2-10 s. The hydrophobic drug carried in this hydrogel can constantly be released for more than 6 days at pH values (pH 5.5-8), and the duration may match the recovery of the wound. As a dressing hydrogel, its rapid gel formation and inversion as well as shear-thinning behavior prevent secondary wound damage. The ß-CD-based hydrogel also has good biocompatibility and antioxidant properties, which provide a good potential choice for wound dressings, especially for exposed wounds in winter.

Assuntos

Hidrogéis , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Hidrogéis/química , Temperatura , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Temperatura Baixa , Bandagens

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Many people with mental disorders are cared for by informed caregivers, but they usually have limited care-related training and lack caregiving capacity and support networks. In order to provide professional training and social support for informed caregivers, we designed the Caregivers-to-Caregivers Training Programme (C2C) and performed a pilot study to assess its effect. METHODS: Caregivers of persons with mental disorders who participated in the C2C were asked to participate in a quasi-experimental study to assess their knowledge and skills development, self-care ability, trainer engagement, and training content. A total of 800 participants completed self-designed evaluation questionnaires and two open-ended questions to gather suggestions and feedback. Assessments were carried out at pretest (baseline), post-test, and at 2-month follow-up. Results were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison method. RESULTS: At post-test, 667 assessments were considered valid and 515 were deemed valid at 2-month follow-up. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of the scores on knowledge and skills development and self-care ability from baseline to 2-month follow-up was significant (p < .001). Results of pairwise comparison method showed that the scores on each item of knowledge and skills development and self-care ability at post-test and at 2-month follow up were higher than those at baseline (p < .001). The scores on items of trainer engagement and training content were all above average (4/5). The open-ended questions resulted in 678 comments indicating that participants gained significant support from other caregivers and healthcare professionals in the alliance and wanted more and continuously updated material. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that C2C effectively improved the development of caregivers' knowledge, skills, and their self-care ability. Available social support for caregivers was better than average, including professional support and peer support.

Assuntos

Cuidadores , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Cuidadores/educação , Projetos Piloto , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Pessoal de Saúde , Apoio Social

RESUMO

This work deals with providing a green pulping process of rice straw with zero waste discharged, via valorization of its by-product as a promising precursor for production of carbon nanostructures. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation. The optimal pulping approach for achieving effective adsorbent (BL-CNSs) of cationic and anionic dyes is recommended from using different BLs precursors resulting from different reagents (alkaline, neutral, and acidic reagents). The carbon precursors are characterized by elemental, thermal (TGA and DTG) and ATR FTIR analyses. While the impact of pulping route on performance of CNSs is evaluated by their adsorption of iodine, cationic dye and anionic dye, as well as ATR-FTIR, textural characterization, and SEM. The data of elemental analysis displayed a high Carbon content ranges from 57.85 to 66.69% suitable for CNSs preparation, while the TGA showed that Sulphur-containing BLs (Kraft, neutral sulfite and acidic sulfite) have higher degradation temperature and activation energies as compared with other BLs. The optimum BL-CNSs adsorbent is prepared from the disposed neutral sulfite black liquor, with the following characteristics: cationic dye adsorption capacity 163.9 mg/g, iodine value 336.9 mg/g and SBET 310.6 m2/g. While the Kraft-CNSs provided highest anionic adsorption (70.52 mg/g). The studies of equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of dyes showed that the adsorption equilibrium of all investigated BL-CNSs toward MB follow the Langmuir and mainly Freundlich models for BB adoption. Their adsorption kinetics are a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model. The textural characterization and SEM revealed the CNSs exhibit a mixture of mesoporous and microporous structure.

RESUMO

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis through elevated glucose uptake and the upregulated expression of genes encoding rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes. However, the direct impact of altered glycolytic pathways on pancreatic tumor progression has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we utilized two strains of BAC transgenic mice with pancreatic expression of two distinct sets of glycolytic genes each arranged in a polycistronic fashion (PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 and LDHA-PDK1, respectively) to investigate the role of altered glycolysis on the development of pancreatic ductal tumor development in the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mice. The overexpression of the two sets of glycolytic genes exhibited no significant effects on tumor development in the 4-5-month-old mice (the PanIN2 lesions stage). In the 9-10-month-old mice, the overexpression of PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 significantly accelerated PanIN3 progression, exhibiting elevated levels of ductal cell marker CK19 and tumor fibrosis. Surprisingly, the overexpression of LDHA-PDK1 significantly attenuated the progression of PanIN3 in the 9-10-month-old mice with significantly downregulated levels of CK19 and fibrosis. Therefore, distinct set of glycolytic enzymes that are involved in different glycolytic routes exhibited contrasting effects on pancreatic ductal tumor development depending on the tumor stages, providing novel insights into the complexity of the glycolytic pathway in the perspective of PDAC development and therapy.

RESUMO

Biomass-based multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted extensive interest in academia and industry due to the sustainability of biomass and the environmental adaptability of multifunctional materials. After removing lignin and hemicellulose wood become a porous substrate with aligned cellulose, which is a good platform for building cellulose-based materials. In this work, a cellulose composite with sandwich-like structure was constructed by in-situ polymerization of aniline on delignified wood and coating a PDMS/CNT layer. Benefiting from the natural porous hierarchical structure and the constructed multilayer continuous conductive network, the PDMS/CNT/PANI WA exhibits excellent electrical conductivity (18.6 S/m) and electromagnetic shielding performance (shielding efficiency value of 26 dB at the X band (8.2-12.4 GHz)). The synergistic effect of PANI and CNT endowed the material with excellent flame retardancy (HRR, THR and HRC decreased by 84 %, 53.4 % and 83.3 %) and significant antibacterial activity. Moreover, PDMS imparts a water contact angle of 105° to the material, which acts as a protective layer, further improves the durability of the material. This work provides a new strategy for developing sustainable and multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials.

Assuntos

Celulose , Lignina , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biomassa , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos

RESUMO

The capture of radioactive iodine is an inevitable requirement in nuclear industry for environmental protection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new generation of sorbents that have wide applications for iodine adsorption and recovery. Although the loading of MOFs on wood can avoid the drawbacks of the powder form of MOFs in implementation, the dense structure of wood results in the lower loading, even after delignification, which limits the adsorption capacity. Herein, a hierarchically porous UiO-66-NH2 @WCA composite was fabricated by in-situ synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 in wood-derived cellulose aerogel (WCA) that was further removed hemicellulose from delignified wood. UiO-66-NH2 @WCA exhibited a high loading (36 wt%) of UiO-66-NH2 crystals and a high adsorption capacity of 704 mg/g for iodine vapor and 248 mg/g for iodine aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior in iodine aqueous solution was well predicted by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of UiO-66-NH2 @WCA was highest in solution when the pH was 6, while the ionic strength had little effect. The hydroxyl groups on the WCA matrix had a charge transfer effect with iodine, providing additional sites for iodine capture. Furthermore, a packed column system was applied to demonstrate the excellent recyclability and potential for practical application.

Assuntos

Iodo , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Madeira , Celulose , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Água , Iodetos

RESUMO

Deacidification and surface self-cleaning are of great significance for the long-term preservation of historic literature. Herein, a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating, derived from nanocellulose coated with CaCO3 particles is constructed via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the first time for the preservation of historic paper. The static contact angle of superhydrophobic paper reached more than 150° and the minimum sliding angle was 6.4°. Deacidification effect was achieved with a desired pH value in the range from 7.50 to 7.77 and the maximum alkali storage was up to 1.235 mol/kg. It is found that the low-cost CaCO3 nanoparticles can not only remove the acid substances, but also gave the paper function of self-cleaning, which is very great significant for the protection of paper-based relics.

Assuntos

Celulose , Nanopartículas , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Nanopartículas/química , Propriedades de Superfície