RESUMO
This study examined the nutritional and performance status of elite soccer players during intense training. Eight male players (age 17+/-2 years) of the Puerto Rican Olympic Team recorded daily activities and food intake over 12 days. Daily energy expenditure was 3,833+/-571 (SD) kcal, and energy intake was 3,952+/-1,071 kcal, of which 53.2+/-6.2% (8.3 g x kg BW(-1)) was from carbohydrates (CHO), 32.4+/-4.0% from fat, and 14.4+/-2.3% from protein. With the exception of calcium, all micronutrients examined were in accordance with dietary guidelines. Body fat was 7.6+/-1.1% of body weight. Time to completion of three runs of the soccer-specific test was 37.65+/-0.62 s, and peak torques of the knee flexors and extensors at 60 degrees x s(-1) were 139+/-6 and 225+/-9 N x m, respectively. Players' absolute amounts of CHO seemed to be above the minimum recommended intake to maximize glycogen storage, but calcium intakes were below recommended. Their body fat was unremarkable, and they had a comparatively good capacity to endure repeated bouts of intense soccer-specific exercise and to exert force with their knee extensors and flexors.
Assuntos
Dieta , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/fisiologia , Masculino , Micronutrientes , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Porto Rico , Futebol/educação , TorqueRESUMO
The probability of recording infectious diseases and injuries to the musculoskeletal system during sports events with a large number of participants is very high. From an historical perspective the distribution and trends of diseases that have an impact on public health have been evaluated by means of epidemiological surveillance systems. However, the application of these epidemiological methods to sports medicine is relatively recent. The utilization of an epidemiological surveillance system during sports events with a large number of participating athletes and countries has been reported in a limited number of competitions. In this article we describe the design of a system for epidemiological surveillance utilized during the XVII Central American and Caribbean Sports Games held in Puerto Rico in 1993, as an example of a surveillance system that could be regularly established in this type of event.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Região do Caribe/etnologia , América Central/etnologia , Humanos , Porto Rico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The objective of the epidemiological surveillance system for the XVII Central American and Caribbean Sports Games in 1993 in Puerto Rico was to estimate the morbidity related to infectious diseases and sports injuries during the competitions. In the village hospital a total of 794 medical consultations were reported; 57.7% of the patients were athletes. Among athletes, the rate of consultation was 10.4 for every 100 participants. The consultations were more frequent in males (535, 67.4%). The analysis by country of origin revealed that the athletes from Guatemala (42, 9.2%) and Jamaica (35, 7.6%) used the services more frequently. The incidence of consultations by sport was higher in field hockey (47, 10.3%), followed by athletics (46, 10%), and softball (36, 7.9%). The most frequent diagnoses were injuries--302, 38.04%; of these 229 (75.8%) were athletes--,conditions of the respiratory system (180, 22.67%), problems of the skin and mucous membranes (85, 10.71%), and problems of the gastrointestinal tract (56, 7.05%). The severity of the majority of the conditions was mild and required primary care health professionals.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Adulto , Região do Caribe/etnologia , América Central/etnologia , Notificação de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Morbidade , Porto Rico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
During the XVII Central American and Caribbean Sports Games held in Ponce in 1993 the health services offered to the Puerto Rico Delegation included medical, dental and psychological assistance, physical therapy and services on the playing field. Information about the use of these services was obtained from the encounter sheets. The Puerto Rican delegation of 750 members had 1,800 encounters with the health team; 612 (34.0%) individual consults; 896 (54.8%) physical therapy sessions; 166 (9.2%) encounters in the sports venues; and 36 (20%) group therapies. The most common diagnoses were athletic injuries (304; 58.2%) and diseases of the respiratory system (76; 14.5%). The most frequent athletic injuries were first degree strains (75; 24.7%) and tendinitis (73, 24.0%). This pattern is similar to that observed in other sports games and delegations with mild conditions prevailing. An interdisciplinary work and biopsychosocial approach will be important for the better health and performance of our athletes.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/terapia , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Respiratórias/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Região do Caribe , América Central , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Porto RicoRESUMO
The pattern of sports injuries appears to be population-specific. The purpose of the present study is to describe 1750 injuries evaluated between April 1988 and April 1994 in our Olympic Training Center Interdisciplinary Sports Injury Clinic. Our patient population included elite and recreational athletes of both sexes between the ages of 7 and 71 years. Males comprised 73% of the patient population and approximately 80% of the injuries corresponded to the 10 to 29 age range. The most frequent sports in males were baseball (21.9%) and basketball (15.9%) and in females were track and field (17.1%) and gymnastics (15.1%). Most injuries (52%) were traumatic in nature, chronic (71.6%), and occurred during training sessions (57.4%). The most commonly affected anatomical areas were the knee (31.2%) and shoulder (15.5%). The most common diagnoses were tendinitis (25.4%), and first degree strains (11.8%) and sprains (9.3%). Finally, treatment strategies included medications (61.0%), physical therapy (48.9%), relative rest (35.7%), and home exercise programs (35.2%). The variety of musculoskeletal disorders seen in combination with the frequent use of conservative treatment confirms the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to sports injuries.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The health services offered to the Puerto Rican Delegation during the XVI Central American and Caribbean Sports Games in México in 1990 included: medical, dental and psychological assistance, physical therapy and services on the playing field. From the consultation sheets completed during the Games we obtained information about the use of these services. The 336 members of the Puerto Rico Delegation in the village at México City had 1,838 encounters with the health team. Of these, 991 were medical consults, 55 group therapies, 466 physical therapy sessions and 326 encounters in the sports venues. Among the encounters for medical evaluation the most frequent problems were athletic injuries (318; 32.1%), respiratory problems (240; 24.2%), gastrointestinal conditions (126; 12.7%) and dental services (119; 12.0%). The most frequent athletic injuries were first degree strains (83; 26.1%), tendinitis (56; 17.6%), contusions (42; 13.2%), myositis (40; 12.6%) and first degree sprains (28; 8.8%). The health problems found were diversed and in the majority of cases mild in character, which can be attend by adequately trained on sports health primary health professionals.