RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH) protocol in reducing Candida spp. levels in complete dentures (CD) and palate and denture stomatitis (DS) remission. Material and Methods: Twelve CD wearers diagnosed with Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) had their initial situation (Candida spp. levels and DS score) recorded (baseline). Then, participants were instructed to soak dentures once a day (10 minutes) in 0.5% SH. Candida spp. levels and DS scores were reassessed after 15, 30, and 60 days of SH denture cleanness. Biofilms from the denture base and palate were seeded in CHROMagar Candida. After incubation, colony-forming units were calculated. The palate was photographed at each time point, and DS was assessed according to Newton's classification. Data of Candida spp. levels were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak test, and DS scores data were accessed by Friedman's 2-way ANOVA by ranks (α=0.05). Results: 0.5% SH significantly reduced Candida spp. levels after treatment compared to baseline (p<0.001) for both sites. Although at baseline, Candida spp. counts were higher on the denture base (p<0.001), no significant differences were observed between the collected areas within the other time points (p<0.05). Also, 0.5% SH effectively reduced clinical signs of DS after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The protocol tested effectively decreased Candida spp. levels on the denture base and palatal mucosa and effectively reduced the signs of DS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estomatite sob Prótese/patologia , Candida albicans , Método Duplo-Cego , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Candida biofilms on denture surfaces are substantially reduced after a single immersion in denture cleanser. However, whether this effect is maintained when dentures are immersed in cleanser daily is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the daily use of enzymatic cleanser on Candida albicans biofilms on denture base materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The surfaces of polyamide and poly(methyl methacrylate) resin specimens (n=54) were standardized and divided into 12 groups (n=9 per group), according to study factors (material type, treatment type, and periods of treatment). Candida albicans biofilms were allowed to form over 72 hours, after which the specimens were treated with enzymatic cleanser once daily for 1, 4, or 7 days. Thereafter, residual biofilm was ultrasonically removed and analyzed for viable cells (colony forming units/mm(2)) and enzymatic activity (phospholipase, aspartyl-protease, and hemolysin). Factors that interfered with the response variables were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak multiple comparison method (α=.05). RESULTS: Polyamide resin presented more viable cells of Candida albicans (P<.001) for both the evaluated treatment types and periods. Although enzymatic cleansing significantly (P<.001) reduced viable cells, daily use did not maintain this reduction (P<.001). Phospholipase activity significantly increased with time (P<.001) for both materials and treatments. However, poly(methyl methacrylate) based resin (P<.001) and enzymatic cleansing treatment (P<.001) contributed to lower phospholipase activity. Aspartyl-protease and hemolysin activities were not influenced by study factors (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although daily use of an enzymatic cleanser reduced the number of viable cells and phospholipase activity, this treatment was not effective against residual biofilm over time.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Dentários/química , Higienizadores de Dentadura/uso terapêutico , Nylons/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Ácido Aspártico Proteases/análise , Boratos/uso terapêutico , Candida albicans/enzimologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Película Dentária/microbiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/análise , Humanos , Imersão , Teste de Materiais , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fosfolipases/análise , Método Simples-Cego , Sulfatos/uso terapêutico , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children. TMD clinical signs were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD; axis I), and subjective symptoms were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Eighty-two children were selected, 40 with TMD (19 boys and 21 girls, mean age 9.84 ± 1.53 and 9.71 ± 1.30 years, respectively) and 42 without TMD (21 boys and 21 girls, mean age 10.27 ± 1.63 and 9.9 ± 1.37 years, respectively). Intra- and extra-oral examinations were carried out to determine the myofunctional characteristics of the masticatory system. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis followed by multiple logistic regression (α = 0.05). In bivariate analysis, the variables of open lips, anxiety, and depression had a p value < 0.15 and were entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. The most significant predictor factors were the presence of open lips (odds ratio = 5.42, p = 0.034) and anxiety (odds ratio = 18.59, p < 0.001). Thus, anxiety levels and open lips were associated with TMD in children. Owing to the cross-sectional design of the present study, the associations observed may have a bidirectional relationship.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ansiedade/complicações , Depressão/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Depressão/psicologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Dor Facial/fisiopatologia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/psicologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children. TMD clinical signs were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD; axis I), and subjective symptoms were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Eighty-two children were selected, 40 with TMD (19 boys and 21 girls, mean age 9.84 ± 1.53 and 9.71 ± 1.30 years, respectively) and 42 without TMD (21 boys and 21 girls, mean age 10.27 ± 1.63 and 9.9 ± 1.37 years, respectively). Intra- and extra-oral examinations were carried out to determine the myofunctional characteristics of the masticatory system. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis followed by multiple logistic regression (α = 0.05). In bivariate analysis, the variables of open lips, anxiety, and depression had a p value < 0.15 and were entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. The most significant predictor factors were the presence of open lips (odds ratio = 5.42, p = 0.034) and anxiety (odds ratio = 18.59, p < 0.001). Thus, anxiety levels and open lips were associated with TMD in children. Owing to the cross-sectional design of the present study, the associations observed may have a bidirectional relationship.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/complicações , Depressão/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Criança , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Depressão/psicologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Dor Facial/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/psicologiaRESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Although new materials have emerged as options to fabricate removable dental prostheses, the development of Candida biofilms on these materials and the effectiveness of methods to control these pathogenic biofilms are poorly understood. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida single- and dual-species biofilms formed on polyamide resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin (Acron MC) and polyamide resin (Flexite M.P.) specimens (n=116) were prepared, and their surface roughness was standardized (0.34 ±0.02 µm). Surface free energy (SFE) was measured for some specimens (n=20 per resin), while the remainder were randomly divided by lottery into 24 groups (n=8) for biofilm assay. C. albicans and/or C. glabrata biofilm was formed for 72 hours, and then specimens were treated with an enzymatic cleanser solution (Polident 3 Minutes), a cleanser solution (Corega Tabs), or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. Water served as the negative control. Remaining adherent microorganisms were removed from the treated specimens by ultrasonic waves, and colony-forming units (CFU) of each microorganism were calculated. SFE data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, and Candida species data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test (P=.05). RESULTS: All tested biofilms displayed significantly higher growth on polyamide resin (P<.001), which presented the lowest SFE. Denture cleansers significantly decreased Candida levels; however, the 0.5% NaOCl solution was the only effective cleanser. C. glabrata revealed significantly higher CFU counts under all experimental conditions (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The highest Candida spp. biofilm growth was shown to occur on polyamide resin when compared with PMMA. Denture cleansers were able to remove Candida spp. biofilm formed on both denture base resins.