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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment demands strict adherence to multidrug regimens. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) poses challenges, especially regarding adherence. With the popularization of smartphones, Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) has emerged as a promising alternative, allowing healthcare providers to remotely supervise patients taking their medications via video calls. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review critically assesses VOT's effectiveness compared to DOT, focusing on adherence, treatment costs, time spent supervising treatment, and patient satisfaction, aiming to optimize TB supervision methods worldwide. METHODS: Only studies that met the following criteria were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review: randomized trials; studies that compared VOT to DOT; studies involving patients diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis; studies that reported any of the desired outcomes; full-text articles available for review; and studies conducted in the English language. We excluded studies with the following attributes: studies that lacked a control group; case series or case reports; and previous systematic reviews. The search engines and databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were used to find studies comparing Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) to Directly Observed Therapy (DOT). The following search phrases were used to look for papers that contained them in their title or abstract: ("Electronic Directly Observed Therapy" OR "Video-observed therapy" OR "Telemedicine" OR "Wirelessly observed therapy" OR "Smartphone-enabled video-observed") AND ("TUBERCULOSIS"). RESULTS: A systematic review of the literature revealed the following findings: in all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), video-observed therapy (VOT) demonstrated non-inferiority in terms of treatment adherence compared to traditional directly observed therapy (DOT); VOT reduced costs where these outcomes were assessed in the RCTs; the use of VOT reduced the amount of time healthcare professionals spent supervising treatment in RCTs evaluating this aspect; VOT contributed to higher treatment satisfaction in RCTs where this outcome was measured. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review we emphasize the importance of Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) in the digital age for patients that have access to internet. Our findings show that VOT is comparable to DOT in terms of treatment adherence, but it is also cost-effective, improves patient satisfaction and takes less time for healthcare professionals to supervise.
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BACKGROUND: Micro-osteoperforation is a minimally invasive technique aimed at accelerating tooth movement. The goal of this novel experimental study was to assess tooth movement and stress distribution produced by the force of orthodontic movement on the tooth structure, periodontal ligament, and maxillary bone structure, with and without micro-osteoperforation, using the finite element method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography was used to obtain a virtual model of the maxilla and simulate the extraction of right and left first premolars. Three micro-osteoperforations (1.5 x 5 mm) were made in the hemiarch on the distal and mesial surfaces of upper canines, according to the power tip geometry of the Propel device (Propel Orthodontics, Ossining, New York, USA). An isotropic model of the maxilla was fabricated according to the finite element method by insertion of mechanical properties of the tooth structures, with orthodontic force (1.5 N) simulation in the distal movement on the upper canine of a hemiarch. RESULTS: Initial movement was larger when micro-osteoperforations were performed on the dental crown (24%) and on the periodontal ligament (29%). In addition, stress distribution was higher on the bone structure (31%) when micro-osteoperforations were used. CONCLUSIONS: Micro-osteoperforations considerably increased the movement of both the dental crown and periodontal ligament, which highlights their importance in the improvement of orthodontic movement, as well as in stress distribution across the bone structure. Important stress absorption regions were identified within micro-osteoperforations.
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Análise de Elementos Finitos , Ligamento Periodontal , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Humanos , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiologia , Maxila/fisiologia , Estresse Mecânico , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Fenômenos BiomecânicosRESUMO
Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. RESULTS: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.
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COVID-19 , Pessoal de Saúde , Transtornos Mentais , Estresse Ocupacional , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estresse Ocupacional/epidemiologia , Estresse Ocupacional/psicologia , Prevalência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) play an important role in assessing and rehabilitating communication disorders in people with dementia, but there is evidence to suggest that they do not receive appropriate training to provide management and support during their training. AIM: To investigate the level of awareness and knowledge that practising SLTs from Brazil have about dementia and their role in the care of dementia through an online survey. METHODS & PROCEDURES: An online survey tool was developed to collect information from practising Brazilian SLTs regarding their knowledge about dementia, awareness about their role in the care of people with dementia, and opinions on how SLTs may be better prepared to work in the dementia field. The survey was disseminated via social media, websites, and e-mail lists of researchers and stakeholders. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: A total of 227 SLTs completed the survey. Participants showed good knowledge of dementia in general, while their answers were less accurate on primary progressive aphasia. Regarding the awareness by SLTs of their role in the care of people with dementia, most agreed or strongly agreed that SLTs could help people in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dementia (> 80%). However, fewer participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt confident in contributing to the treatment and diagnosis process of dementia (about 50%). To improve the training of SLTs in Brazil, most participants believed that it would be necessary to improve the teaching of dementia at the undergraduate speech and language therapy curriculum level and to develop recommendations or guidelines about speech and language therapy practice in dementia. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The results of this survey point to a need for improvement in the knowledge and confidence of Brazilian SLTs about dementia. To reach this goal, targeted training courses and applied practice opportunities should be embedded within university curricula and training programmes. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject Many studies confirm the importance of speech and language therapy in the non-pharmacological treatment of people with dementia. However, other evidence suggests to a possible lack of training for Brazilian SLTs, especially in the curriculum of undergraduate courses. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study reveals that Brazilian SLTs have substantial knowledge of dementia and recognize the significance of their role in treating people with dementia. However, a minority expressed confidence in their ability to assess and treat people with dementia. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The findings of this research demonstrate that Brazilian SLTs have good knowledge of dementia and endorse their professional role in dementia care; however, they lack confidence in their own skills and expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of dementia. Interventions aimed at boosting the SLT's confidence level could lead to improved patients outcomes and overall quality of care within clinical settings.
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Background: There is a lack of information on the clinical and molecular presentation of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), a rare genetic disorder characterized by partial subcutaneous fat loss. Objective: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical, metabolic, and genetic features of FPLD in the Brazilian population. Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional investigation we evaluated patients with FPLD across five Brazilian reference centers for lipodystrophies. Diagnosis of FPLD was made by clinical evaluation and genetic confirmation. Data on genetic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics were captured. Statistical analysis involved the utilization of the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify differences. Results: The study included 106 patients with genetic confirmation of FPLD. The mean age was 44 ± 15 years, and they were predominantly female (78.3%). LMNA pathogenic variants were identified in 85.8% of patients, PPARG in 10.4%, PLIN1 in 2.8%, and MFN2 in 0.9%. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was highly prevalent (57.5%), affecting 54 females (50.9%). Median triglycerides levels were 199 mg/dL (54-2724 mg/dL), severe hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL) was found in 34.9% and pancreatitis in 8.5%. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was observed in 56.6%, and cardiovascular disease in 10.4%. The overall mortality rate was 3.8%, due to cardiovascular events. Conclusion: This study presents an extensive cohort of Brazilian patients with FPLD, predominantly DM with several multisystem complications. A comprehensive characterization of lipodystrophy syndromes is crucial for effective patient management and care.
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Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/genética , Lipodistrofia Parcial Familiar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Morbidade , Lamina Tipo A/genéticaRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which remains a significant global health challenge. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mtb strains imposes the development of new therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on the identification and evaluation of potential inhibitors against Mtb H37Ra through a comprehensive screening of an in-house chemolibrary. Subsequently, a promising pyrimidine derivative (LQM495) was identified as promising and then further investigated by experimental and in silico approaches. In this context, computational techniques were used to elucidate the potential molecular target underlying the inhibitory action of LQM495. Then, a consensus reverse docking (CRD) protocol was used to investigate the interactions between this compound and several Mtb targets. Out of 98 Mtb targets investigated, the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein emerged as a target for LQM495. To gain insights into the stability of the LQM495-Eis complex, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted over a 400 ns trajectory. Further insights into its binding modes within the Eis binding site were obtained through a Quantum mechanics (QM) approach, using density functional theory (DFT), with B3LYP/D3 basis set. These calculations shed light on the electronic properties and reactivity of LQM495. Subsequently, inhibition assays and kinetic studies of the Eis activity were used to investigate the activity of LQM495. Then, an IC50 value of 11.0 ± 1.4 µM was found for LQM495 upon Eis protein. Additionally, its Vmax, Km, and Ki parameters indicated that it is a competitive inhibitor. Lastly, this study presents LQM495 as a promising inhibitor of Mtb Eis protein, which could be further explored for developing novel anti-TB drugs in the future.
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Antituberculosos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzimologia , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Acetiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/síntese químicaRESUMO
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is an important source of essential oils with high antimicrobial activities, however the composition and antifungal potential of the decoction peels is little explored. This study assessed the peel decoction's chemical profile at the secondary metabolism level and its antifungal activity against the melon phytopathogen Fusarium jinanense. The decoction's antifungal potential was investigated using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach based on Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Coumarins and flavones were the most abundant classes of compounds in the high-value fractions responsible for up to 61% of the mycelial inhibition of F. jinanense. Overall, this study has presented for the first time the chemical composition, the antifungal potential of the decoction of C. aurantium peels and the compounds associated with these results. This strategy can guide the exploration of under-explored food sources and add value to compounds or fractions enriched with bioactive compounds.
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Citrus , Fusarium , Doenças das Plantas , Extratos Vegetais , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Citrus/química , Citrus/microbiologia , Cucurbitaceae/química , Cucurbitaceae/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Extração em Fase Sólida , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Objective The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire for Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) for scoliosis derives from the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) with specific adaptation for scoliosis patients. Despite its significance and applicability, this instrument has never been translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The current study aimed to translate, transculturally adapt, and validate the BIDQ-S into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods BIDQ-S was translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese using the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) criteria. The questionnaire validation relied on internal consistency and comparison with the Cobb angle, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22). The Brazilian version (BR-)BIDQ-S validation occurred in a sample of 35 adolescents with scoliosis waiting for specialized treatment. Results Internal consistency of the BR-BIDQ-S was 0.899 according to the Cronbach's index (i.e., virtually perfect). Although BR-BIDQ-S did not correlate with the Cobb angle, it presented correlations with the Physical, Emotional, and Social domains from the PedsQL and the Function/Activity domain from the SRS-22. Conclusion BR-BIDQ-S was reliable in evaluating the body image of adolescents with scoliosis, presenting an internal consistency of 0,899 (virtually perfect). Moreover, similar to the original instrument, it correlated with PedsQL and SRS-22.
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Background and Aim: Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) experience a shortened lifespan, neurobehavioral changes, and an increased risk of comorbidities during the interictal period. There have been several reports of sudden death in humans with epilepsy, suggesting changes in cardiac rhythm secondary to seizures. In veterinary medicine, there are still no such conclusive studies. The present study aimed to evaluate blood pressure values, electrocardiographic findings, and laboratory parameters in dogs with IE treated with phenobarbital and to correlate these findings with possible cardiac alterations. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one dogs were divided into 11 healthy dogs and 10 idiopathic epileptic dogs for blood analysis, computerized electrocardiogram, and oscillometer-based blood pressure measurement. Results: QRS complex and S-T interval values differed significantly between groups, but blood pressure values were not significantly different. Conclusion: IE can occur with alterations in cardiac conduction and is a pathological condition.
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Clinically, VL evolves with systemic impairment, immunosuppression and hyperactivation with hypergammaglobulinemia. Although renal involvement has been recognized, a dearth of understanding about the underlying mechanisms driving acute kidney injury (AKI) in VL remains. We aimed to evaluate the involvement of immunoglobulins (Igs) and immune complexes (CIC) in the occurrence of AKI in VL patients. Fourteen VL patients were evaluated between early treatment and 12 months post-treatment (mpt). Anti-Leishmania Igs, CIC, cystatin C, C3a and C5a were assessed and correlated with AKI markers. Interestingly, high levels of CIC were observed in VL patients up to 6 mpt. Concomitantly, twelve patients met the criteria for AKI, while high levels of cystatin C were observed up to 6 mpt. Plasmatic cystatin C was positively correlated with CIC and Igs. Moreover, C5a was correlated with cystatin C, CIC and Igs. We did not identify any correlation between amphotericin B use and kidney function markers in VL patients, although this association needs to be further explored in subsequent studies. Our data reinforce the presence of an important renal function impairment during VL, suggesting the involvement of Igs, CIC, and C5a in this clinical condition.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo , Leishmaniose Visceral , Humanos , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/imunologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/parasitologia , Masculino , Feminino , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cistatina C/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Leishmania infantum/imunologiaRESUMO
The Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an encephalitogenic arbovirus (Flaviviridae family) that has a wide geographical distribution in the western hemisphere, especially in the Americas. The negevirus Brejeira (BREV) was isolated for the first time in Brazil in 2005. This study aimed to verify the existence of a possible interfering effect of BREV on the course of SLEV infection and vice versa. We used clone C6/36 cells. Three combinations of MOIs were used (SLEV 0.1 × BREV 1; SLEV 1 × BREV 0.1; SLEV 1 × BREV 1) in the kinetics of up to 7 days and then the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), a plaque assay on Vero cells, and RT-PCR were performed. Our results showed that the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by BREV was more pronounced than the CPE caused by SLEV. Results of IFA, the plaque assay, and RT-PCR showed the suppression of SLEV replication in the co-infection condition in all the MOI combinations used. The SLEV suppression was dose-dependent. Therefore, the ISV Brejeira can suppress SLEV replication in Aedes albopictus cells, but SLEV does not negatively interfere with BREV replication.
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Aedes , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis , Interferência Viral , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/genética , Células Vero , InsetosRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem de uma maternidade pública de Santa Catarina, Brasil, acerca do Processo de Enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados a 192 profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: 57,3% dos profissionais entrevistados informaram conhecer o Processo de Enfermagem, sendo que 49,5% declararam ter recebido orientações acerca do tema em sua formação. De forma complementar 93,8% consideram importante desenvolver o Processo de Enfermagem em sua prática de trabalho e 94,5% afirmam que ele pode qualificar a assistência em enfermagem. Conclusão: é fundamental reconhecer o entendimento dos profissionais acerca do Processo de Enfermagem o que permite suscitar estratégias que contribuam para inovações e transformação dos saberes e práticas assistenciais da enfermagem.
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Abstract The present article is about a bet on conceptual tools that can break with the great heroic narratives of origins and authors. It is about delineating other psi and research practices that propose ruptures in the forms and acts established by the reigning social mandate, which asks psychologists to speak for others. The bet of the article is to affirm clinical gestures that refuse imposed models of thinking and to propose ways of research-working as makers-of-interiors-in-turn. It aims to refuse practices based on a "colonial matrix of power" that is expressed in precarious work relations and exploitation. It asks itself: what is the nature of our present? What are we becoming? What have we been doing in confronting the colonial matrix of power? Contrary to colonial frameworks and crossings, the article considers that necropolitical practices are intolerable, and it is based on the ethical-political and aesthetic principle of investing in other practices of research and thinking, which corroborate counter-colonial crossings.
Resumo O presente artigo trata de uma aposta em ferramentas conceituais que possam romper com as grandes narrativas heróicas de origens e autores. Debruça-se em delinear outras práticas psi e de pesquisa que proponham rupturas nas formas e atos estabelecidos pelo mandato social reinante, que solicita que psicólogas falem pelos outros. A aposta do artigo é afirmar gestos clínicos que recusem modelos impostos de pensamento e propor modos de pesquisar-trabalhar como fabricantes-de-interiores-em-revolta. Ambiciona recusar práticas pautadas em uma "matriz colonial de poder" que se expressa nas relações de trabalho precárias e de exploração. Interroga-se: qual a natureza do nosso presente? O que estamos nos tornando? O que temos feito no enfrentamento da matriz colonial de poder? Contrário aos marcos e atravessamentos coloniais, o artigo considera intoleráveis as práticas necropolíticas e se situa a partir do princípio ético-político e estético de investidas por outras práticas de pesquisa e de pensamento, que corroborem travessias-navegantes contra-coloniais.
Resumen Este artículo trata de una apuesta por herramientas conceptuales que puedan romper con las grandes narrativas heroicas de orígenes y autores. Se trata de delinear otras prácticas psi y de investigación que propongan rupturas en las formas y actos establecidos por el mandato social imperante, que pide a los psicólogos hablar por los otros. La apuesta del artículo es afirmar gestos clínicos que rechacen modelos de pensamiento impuestos y propongan formas de investigar-trabajar como fabricantes-de-interiores-en-vuelta. Pretende rechazar prácticas basadas en una "matriz colonial de poder" que se expresa en la precariedad de las relaciones laborales y la explotación. Se pregunta: ¿cuál es la naturaleza de nuestro presente? ¿En qué nos estamos convirtiendo? ¿Qué hemos hecho frente a la matriz colonial de poder? Frente a los marcos y cruces coloniales, el artículo considera que las prácticas necropolíticas son intolerables y se basa en el principio ético-político y estético de los ataques a otras prácticas de investigación y pensamiento, que corroboran los cruces contracoloniales.
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Resumo Objetivo Mapear evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre a condução veicular por pessoas idosas. Método Revisão de escopo baseada no manual proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para as buscas foram acessadas as bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e a literatura cinzenta, por meio do Google Scholar. Resultados Dos 1.194 estudos encontrados, selecionaram-se 189 artigos submetidos aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os países precursores nas publicações foram Austrália e Estados Unidos, e o ápice das pesquisas ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014. Os participantes dos estudos eram pessoas idosas saudáveis, 63,49% (120); seguidos de 17,46% (33) com doença de Alzheimer; 11,11% (21) com Transtorno Neurocognitivo Leve; 6,88% (13) com doença de Parkinson; e 19,58% (37) com outras comorbidades. Diferentes tipos de intervenções foram identificadas nos estudos, destas, 94,02% (178) avaliaram a eficácia de instrumentos que mensuram a aptidão do motorista idoso. Conclusão Houve predominância de estudos na busca de instrumentos de avaliação que mensurassem a funcionalidade do condutor idoso. Esse fato ratifica a importância de avaliação padronizada, validada e economicamente viável que colabore na identificação do motorista em risco. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de intervenções para a prática da geriatria e gerontologia, por meio de ações para formação de equipe multidisciplinar especializada em condução veicular, de modo a adequar as diretrizes de licenciamento a fim de atender às especificidades dos condutores idosos, considerando os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e educacionais, especialmente nos departamentos de trânsito brasileiro.
Abstract Objective To map national and international scientific evidence regarding driving by older adults. Method Scope review based on the manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO databases, and grey literature through Google Scholar. Results Out of 1,194 studies identified, 189 papers meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Pioneering countries in publications were Australia and the United States, with the peak of research occurring between 2013 and 2014. Study participants included healthy older adults (63.49%, 120), followed by those with Alzheimer's disease (17.46%, 33), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (11.11%, 21), Parkinson's disease (6.88%, 13), and other comorbidities (19.58%, 37). Various interventions were identified, with 94.02% (178) assessing the effectiveness of instruments measuring the fitness of older drivers. Conclusion There was a prevalence of studies aimed at identifying assessment tools to measure the functionality of older drivers. This underscores the importance of standardized, validated, and economically viable assessments that contribute to identifying at-risk drivers. The need for interventions in geriatrics and gerontology was evident, emphasizing the necessity for actions to establish a specialized multidisciplinary team in vehicular driving. This approach seeks to align licensing guidelines with the specific needs of older drivers, taking into account social, economic, political, and educational aspects, particularly within the Brazilian traffic departments.
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Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Motoristas , Atividade Motora , Atenção , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/fisiologia , Segurança no TrânsitoRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou o reconhecimento (imitação, identidade e identificação) e a nomeação de estímulos emocionais de valência negativa (raiva e tristeza) e positiva (alegria e surpresa) em conjunto com a influência dos tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-feminino, social-masculino, familiar e emoji) em crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de Down, por meio de tarefas aplicadas pela família e mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Participaram cinco crianças e dois jovens adultos com autismo e uma criança e dois jovens adultos com síndrome de Down. Foram implementadas tarefas de identidade, reconhecimento, nomeação e imitação, com estímulos faciais de função avaliativa (sem consequência diferencial) e de ensino (com consequência diferencial, uso de dicas e critério de aprendizagem), visando a emergência da nomeação emocional por meio do ensino das tarefas de reconhecimento. Os resultados da linha de base identificaram que, para os participantes que apresentaram menor tempo de resposta para o mesmo gênero, a diferença de tempo de resposta foi em média 57,28% menor. Em relação à valência emocional, 50% dos participantes apresentaram diferenças nos acertos, a depender da valência positiva e negativa, sendo que 66,66% apresentaram diferenças para o tempo de resposta a depender da valência emocional. Após o procedimento de ensino, os participantes mostraram maior número de acertos nas tarefas, independentemente do gênero de estímulo e valência emocional, criando ocasião para generalização da aprendizagem de reconhecimento e nomeação de emoções, além de consolidar a viabilidade de estratégias de ensino mediadas por recursos tecnológicos e aplicadas por familiares.(AU)
This study evaluated the recognition (imitation, identity, and identification) and naming of negative (anger and sadness) and positive (joy and surprise) emotional stimuli alongside the influence of the types of stimuli (social-female, social-male, family, and emoji) in children and young adults with autism and Down syndrome, via tasks applied by the family and mediated by technological resources, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five children and two young adults with autism and one child and two young adults with Down syndrome participated. Identity, recognition, naming, and imitation tasks were planned and implemented using facial stimuli with evaluative (without differential consequence) and teaching (with differential consequence, tips, and learning criteria) functions, aiming at the emergence of emotional naming from the recognition teaching tasks. The baseline results showed that, for participants who had a shorter response time for the same gender, the response time difference was on average 57.28% lower. Regarding the emotional valence, 50% of the participants showed differences in the correct answers, depending on the positive and negative valence, and 66.66% showed differences in the response time depending on the emotional valence. After the teaching procedure, the participants showed a greater number of correct answers in the tasks, regardless of the stimulus type and emotional valence, creating an opportunity for generalizing learning of emotion recognition and naming, in addition to consolidating the feasibility of teaching strategies mediated by technological resources and applied by family members.(AU)
Este estudio evaluó el reconocimiento (imitación, identidad e identificación) y la denominación de estímulos emocionales negativos (enfado y tristeza) y positivos (alegría y sorpresa) y la influencia de los tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-femenino, social-masculino, familiar y emoji ) de niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de Down, a través de tareas aplicadas por la familia, mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Participaron cinco niños y dos adultos jóvenes con autismo, y un niño y dos adultos jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Se planificaron e implementaron tareas de identidad, reconocimiento, nombramiento e imitación con estímulos faciales con función evaluativa (sin consecuencia diferencial) y enseñanza (con consecuencia diferencial, uso de ayudas y criterios de aprendizaje), buscando la emergencia del nombramiento emocional después de la enseñanza de tareas de reconocimiento. Los resultados de la línea de base identificaron que para los participantes que tenían un tiempo de respuesta más corto para el mismo género, la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta fue un 57,28% menor. En cuanto a la valencia emocional, el 50% de los participantes mostraron diferencias en las respuestas correctas, en función de la valencia positiva y negativa, y el 66,66% tuvieron diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta, en función de la valencia emocional. Después del procedimiento de enseñanza, los participantes mostraron mayor número de aciertos en las tareas evaluadas, independientemente del tipo de estímulo o valencia emocional, lo que genera una oportunidad para la generalización del aprendizaje de reconocimiento y denominación de emociones, además de consolidar la viabilidad de estrategias de enseñanza mediadas por recursos tecnológicos y aplicadas por la familia.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Transtorno Autístico , Família , Síndrome de Down , Emoções Manifestas , Emoções , Ansiedade , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais , Percepção , Distorção da Percepção , Personalidade , Jogos e Brinquedos , Preconceito , Psiquiatria , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Atenção , Recursos Audiovisuais , Sinais e Sintomas , Desejabilidade Social , Meio Social , Valores Sociais , Socialização , Estereotipagem , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Percepção Visual , Mulheres , Comportamento , Imagem Corporal , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Simbolismo , Atividades Cotidianas , Inteligência Artificial , Adaptação Psicológica , Pesar , Atitude , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Criança , Educação Infantil , Cromossomos , Ensaio Clínico , Competência Mental , Cuidadores , Cognição , Detecção de Sinal Psicológico , Comunicação , Consciência , Intuição , Observação , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Autonomia Pessoal , Filhos Adultos , Confiança , Compreensão , Designação de Pessoal , Compressão de Dados , Educação , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual , Educação Inclusiva , Ego , Empatia , Comportamento Exploratório , Face , Expressão Facial , Competência Cultural , Adulto Jovem , Medo , Retroalimentação , Inteligência Emocional , Estigma Social , Pandemias , Habilidades Sociais , Normas Sociais , Ajustamento Emocional , Otimismo , Metacognição , Reconhecimento Facial , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Análise do Comportamento Aplicada , Autogestão , Respeito , Regulação Emocional , Generalização Psicológica , Genética , Interação Social , Reconhecimento de Identidade , COVID-19 , Gestos , Treino Cognitivo , Apoio Familiar , Velocidade de Processamento , Manobra Psicológica , Imaginação , Relações Interpessoais , Idioma , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Memória de Curto Prazo , Homens , Transtornos Mentais , Processos Mentais , Deficiência Intelectual , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Manifestações Neurológicas , Neurologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Comunicação não VerbalRESUMO
Abstract Objective The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire for Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) for scoliosis derives from the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) with specific adaptation for scoliosis patients. Despite its significance and applicability, this instrument has never been translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The current study aimed to translate, transculturally adapt, and validate the BIDQ-S into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods BIDQ-S was translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese using the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) criteria. The questionnaire validation relied on internal consistency and comparison with the Cobb angle, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22). The Brazilian version (BR-)BIDQ-S validation occurred in a sample of 35 adolescents with scoliosis waiting for specialized treatment. Results Internal consistency of the BR-BIDQ-S was 0.899 according to the Cronbach's index (i.e., virtually perfect). Although BR-BIDQ-S did not correlate with the Cobb angle, it presented correlations with the Physical, Emotional, and Social domains from the PedsQL and the Function/Activity domain from the SRS-22. Conclusion BR-BIDQ-S was reliable in evaluating the body image of adolescents with scoliosis, presenting an internal consistency of 0,899 (virtually perfect). Moreover, similar to the original instrument, it correlated with PedsQL and SRS-22.
Resumo Objetivo O questionário BIDQ-S para escoliose se originou a partir do Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) e representa a versão adaptada e validada especificamente em pacientes com escoliose. Este instrumento, a despeito da sua aplicabilidade e importância, ainda não tem versão para uso no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar transcuturalmente e validar o BIDQ-S para o português brasileiro. Método Foi realizado estudo de tradução adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis version (BIDQ-S) para o português brasileiro, utilizando os critérios recomendados pela American Association of Orthopedic Surgeon (AAOS). A validação do instrumento foi realizada por meio de consistência interna e confrontando-se com ângulo de Cobb, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) e Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22). O BR-BIDQ-S (versão brasileira) foi validado em um grupo de 35 adolescentes portadores de escoliose idiopática do adolescente que se encontravam na fila de espera para tratamento. Resultados A consistência interna do Br-BIDQ-S foi de 0,899 medido pelo coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (considerada quase perfeita). Não houve correlação com o ângulo de Cobb, contudo o Br-BIDQ-S teve correlação com os domínios Dimensão Física, Dimensão Emocional e Dimensão Social do PedsQL e também com a Dimensão Função/Atividade do SRS-22. Conclusão O Br-BIDQ-S mostrou-se confiável para avaliar a imagem corporal de adolescentes com escoliose, com validade interna de 0,899 (considerada quase perfeita), similar àquela do instrumento original, havendo correlação com o PedsQL e com o SRS-22.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Escoliose/diagnóstico , Ciência Translacional BiomédicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. Results: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. Conclusions: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar associação entre estressores ocupacionais e transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras "invisíbilizados" da saúde, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.014 trabalhadores(as) da saúde de três municípios baianos. Os TMC foram avaliados pelo SRQ-20. A escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER) e o Modelo Demanda-Controle avaliaram os estressores ocupacionais. Análise descritiva, bivariada e múltipla avaliaram associação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: A prevalência global de TMC foi de 39,9%, sendo mais elevada entre os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/Agente de Combate às Endemias — ACS/ACE (47,2%), seguidos pelo pessoal da gestão e vigilância (38,6%), técnicos (35,4%) e pessoal de apoio/conservação/limpeza (29,9%). A associação entre estressores ocupacionais e TMC variou entre as ocupações: 1. Comprometimento excessivo com o trabalho (CET), DER e demandas psicológicas associaram-se aos TMC entre trabalhadores de apoio/conservação/limpeza; 2. CET e DER estavam associadas aos TMC entre ACS/ACE; 3. CET, DER e baixo controle sobre o trabalho associaram-se aos TMC entre os técnicos; 4. Entre trabalhadores de gestão e vigilância, apenas o DER estava associado aos TMC. Conclusões: Estressores ocupacionais tiveram papel relevante no adoecimento mental, com variação entre os estratos de ocupação, demandando atenção, acompanhamento e controle.
RESUMO
Compreender as melhores práticas de enfermagem desempenhadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em unidades de Estratégia Saúde da família em um município da região Norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada no município de JoinvilleSC por meio de entrevistas semiabertas e individuais. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 30 enfermeiros atuantes na atenção primária. Descrevem as melhores práticas de enfermagem voltadas à pessoa idosa, com destaque para a resolubilidade das práticas, a priorização do acesso da pessoa idosa, o cuidado ampliado para os familiares, a atuação do enfermeiro frente a situações de negligência e violência contra a pessoa idosa e, ainda, as barreiras para a efetivação das melhores práticas. Conclusão: a qualificação das ações oferecidas as pessoas idosas na atenção primária perpassa questões administrativas, sociais e resolutivas, e exigem que o enfermeiro esteja inserido no território, conhecendo potencialidades e limitações que interferem no planejamento do cuidado. Contudo, somente enfermeiros com autonomia e segurança no saber científico, aliado ao apoio institucional e ambiente adequado, desenvolvem melhores práticas.