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Ring-tailed coati is listed as a species of least concern in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, however, there has been a sharp decline in their population. The present study was conducted to evaluate the major proteins of both seminal plasma and sperm in ring-tailed coatis. Semen sample was collected from three adult coatis and evaluated for their morphological characteristics. Further, the sample was centrifuged to separate spermatozoa from seminal plasma, and then stored in liquid nitrogen. The seminal plasma and sperm proteins were subjected to one-dimensional (1-D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and identified by mass spectrometry. Gene ontology and protein networks were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Based on sperm concentration and average protein content of the semen, the concentration of protein/spermatozoon was found to be 104.69 ±â€¯44.43 µg. The analysis of SDS-PAGE gels showed 20.3 ±â€¯3.1 and 17 ±â€¯2 protein bands/lane for seminal plasma and sperm, respectively. In-gel protein digestion and peptide analysis by mass spectrometry revealed 238 and 246 proteins in the seminal plasma and sperm, respectively. The gene ontology analysis revealed that the proteins of seminal plasma mainly participated in cellular (35%) and regulatory (21%) processes. According to their cellular localization, seminal plasma proteins were categorized as structural (18%), extracellular (17%), and nuclear (14%) proteins with molecular functions, such as catalytic activity (43%) and binding (43%). The sperm proteins were also involved in cellular (38%) and regulatory (23%) processes, and mainly categorized as extracellular (17%), nuclear (13%), and cytoplasmic (10%) proteins. The major molecular functions of the sperm proteins were catalytic activity (44%) and binding (42%). These results indicated that the seminal plasma of ring-tailed coati has an array of proteins that can potentially modulate several sperm functions, from sperm protection to oocyte binding. However, further studies are necessary to interpret the roles of these major seminal plasma proteins in coatis.

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Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a severe genetic disease rarely described in veterinary medicine. This multisystemic condition is caused by a defect in the production and metabolization of collagen, which implicates in bone fragility. This disease has been described in cattle, sheep, domestic felines, mouse and dogs of different breeds, including collie, golden retriever, beagle, dachshund and chow chow. Animals affected by this condition present multiple fractures without previous occurrence of trauma. Therefore, this report aimed to describe a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type III in a miniature pinscher dog.Case: A 1-year-old male miniature pinscher dog, was admitted for clinical evaluation in Fortaleza, Brazil, with a history of spontaneous fractures without known causes. This animal was maintained indoors, fed on dry feed and presented recurrent events of claudication and pain. In the physical examination, the individual walked solely with the forelimbs, avoiding the use of the hind limbs and presented pain behavior. Bulging of the skull was observed laterally, which promoted a triangular appearance of head and face. Fontanelles were soft, and the eyes presented blueish sclera and corneal opacity. Teeth were small, translucid, fragile and deformed. Radiography images revealed bulging of the calvaria and persistent fontanelles with open cranial sutures. In addition, cranial convolutions were less clear, which was compatible with hydrocephalus. Dental roots were narrow, short and presented partial pulp obliteration. The radiographic contrast of the dentin was low with a reduction of periapical radiolucency. Bone radiopacity was low in the bones of the abdomen and pelvis, in addition to femur. Metaphysis of the right tibia was enlarged and angular. Multiple fractures were identified in the pelvis with the formation of opaque bony calluses and bone marrow sclerosis. Physiological parameters and blood test results were unaltered.[...](AU)

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Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a severe genetic disease rarely described in veterinary medicine. This multisystemic condition is caused by a defect in the production and metabolization of collagen, which implicates in bone fragility. This disease has been described in cattle, sheep, domestic felines, mouse and dogs of different breeds, including collie, golden retriever, beagle, dachshund and chow chow. Animals affected by this condition present multiple fractures without previous occurrence of trauma. Therefore, this report aimed to describe a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type III in a miniature pinscher dog.Case: A 1-year-old male miniature pinscher dog, was admitted for clinical evaluation in Fortaleza, Brazil, with a history of spontaneous fractures without known causes. This animal was maintained indoors, fed on dry feed and presented recurrent events of claudication and pain. In the physical examination, the individual walked solely with the forelimbs, avoiding the use of the hind limbs and presented pain behavior. Bulging of the skull was observed laterally, which promoted a triangular appearance of head and face. Fontanelles were soft, and the eyes presented blueish sclera and corneal opacity. Teeth were small, translucid, fragile and deformed. Radiography images revealed bulging of the calvaria and persistent fontanelles with open cranial sutures. In addition, cranial convolutions were less clear, which was compatible with hydrocephalus. Dental roots were narrow, short and presented partial pulp obliteration. The radiographic contrast of the dentin was low with a reduction of periapical radiolucency. Bone radiopacity was low in the bones of the abdomen and pelvis, in addition to femur. Metaphysis of the right tibia was enlarged and angular. Multiple fractures were identified in the pelvis with the formation of opaque bony calluses and bone marrow sclerosis. Physiological parameters and blood test results were unaltered.[...]

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Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […](AU)

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Background: Hermaphroditism or intersex is a general term that includes various congenital anomalies of the genital system which is used to define animals with ambiguous sexual characteristics. It occurs in domestic animals, more commonly in pigs and goats, and rarely in horses, dogs, sheep, and cattle. The prevalence of hermaphroditism varies a lot among breeds and species and is higher in groups with a high degree of consanguinity. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of canine hermaphroditism in a dog with male phenotype, as well as the anatomical and hormonal findings, and classification of the hermaphroditism exhibited by the animal studied. Case: A 1-year-old, mongrel, 5 kg dog was referred to the UHV-UECE due to the presence of a slit on the lower quadrant of the abdomen, caudal to the umbilical scar. At examination, the animal exhibited normal rectal temperature, no alterations of palpable lymph nodes, and a satisfactory body condition score. The pubic area had 2 testicles, each one in a different scrotum, 1 to the right and 1 to the left of the slit. A prepuce with no apparent function was present cranially to the slit, closer to the umbilical scar. At the other extremity of the slit, on the pubic region, there was a flaccid structure similar to a penis (micropenis) with no penile bone and no function. The slit was open until the area ventral to the anus, where the urethra was detected. The animal exhibited a behavior of territory demarcation with urine typically seen in male dogs. Orchiectomy and slit correction surgery were performed. Pre-surgical exams included: complete blood count and hormonal doses of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. […]

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A ultrassonografia modo-B tornou-se há muito tempo importante na avaliação do trato reprodutivo normal, bem como no diagnóstico de distúrbios reprodutivos em cães. O surgimento mais recente da ultrassonografia Doppler permitiu um acréscimo de ferramentas na avaliação reprodutiva, uma vez que ela permite investigar os padrões de fluxo sanguíneo dos vasos que irrigam as diferentes partes que compõem o trato reprodutivo e para avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo dos vasos materno-fetais, bem como das glândulas mamárias. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um apanhado dos trabalhos referentes à ultrassonografia Dopplerna reprodução canina.

Two-dimensional ultrasound has become very important in assessing normal reproductive tract as well as in the diagnosis of reproductive disorders in dogs. The most recent emergence of Doppler ultrasound allowed an increase in reproductive evaluation tools, since it allows to investigate the patterns of blood flow through the vessels that supply the different parts of the reproductive tract, and to assess blood flow of maternal-fetal vessels as well as the mammary glands. Thus, this study aimed to do a roundup of the papers regarding Doppler ultrasonography in the canine reproduction.

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A ultrassonografia modo-B tornou-se há muito tempo importante na avaliação do trato reprodutivo normal, bem como no diagnóstico de distúrbios reprodutivos em cães. O surgimento mais recente da ultrassonografia Doppler permitiu um acréscimo de ferramentas na avaliação reprodutiva, uma vez que ela permite investigar os padrões de fluxo sanguíneo dos vasos que irrigam as diferentes partes que compõem o trato reprodutivo e para avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo dos vasos materno-fetais, bem como das glândulas mamárias. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um apanhado dos trabalhos referentes à ultrassonografia Doppler na reprodução canina.(AU)

Two-dimensional ultrasound has become very important in assessing normal reproductive tract as well as in the diagnosis of reproductive disorders in dogs. The most recent emergence of Doppler ultrasound allowed an increase in reproductive evaluation tools, since it allows to investigate the patterns of blood flow through the vessels that supply the different parts of the reproductive tract, and to assess blood flow of maternal-fetal vessels as well as the mammary glands. Thus, this study aimed to do a roundup of the papers regarding Doppler ultrasonography in the canine reproduction.(AU)

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Background: Two-dimensional ultrasound associated to the color and spectral doppler tool allows a complete anatomic and vascular hemodynamic evaluations. The use of these techniques are already well established in Human Medicine, however, in Veterinary Medicine, its use it still relatively recent. Studies on the male reproductive tract, especially in dogs, are scarce and based on small and heterogenic samples. Due to the importance of understanding the normal canine prostate and testes, it was aimed to evaluate the prostate and testes of Boxer dogs by two-dimensional ultrasound associated to color and spectral doppler. Materials, Methods & Results: Five Boxer dogs, ranging from fi ve to seven years old, healthy and presenting a known normal reproductive history were used. Prostatic and testicular volumes were obtained by two-dimensional ultrasonography linear measurements and the volume was calculated using the spheroid formula. The prostatic artery in locations: cranial (entering the gland), subcapsular (bordering the capsule), parenchymal (irrigating the prostatic parenchyma) and caudal (leaving the gland) and testicular artery in marginal locations and convoluted spermatic cord were characterized by color doppler ultrasonography through qualitative assessment of flow and measurement of the diameter and the number of pixels formed, and spectral for the morphological characteristics of the spectra and obtain the dopplervelocimetrics parameters: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index and resistance index. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were submitted to ANOVA, followed by Student t test (P < 0.05). The mean prostatic volume was 18.20 ± 0.14 cm³. Right and left testes presented a mean volume of 10.89 ± 0.27 and 10.70 ± 0.41 cm³, respectively. According to the quality of flow, color Doppler signal was classified as intense in cranial and caudal prostatic arteries and along the testicular artery; moderate at subcapsular prostatic artery and little evident in parenchymal prostatic artery. The vessels studied by spectral Doppler showed arterial waveform morphology, with a continuous pattern, with laminar flow different among the studied locations. The testicular artery in both locations and the subcapsular and parenchymal prostatic arteries showed a flow of low resistance and monophasic waveform pattern. The cranial and caudal prostatic arteries showed a biphasic waveform of high resistance. Color and spectral doppler parameters differ at all locations of all vessels, except for PSV and EDV at all locations of the prostatic artery and the pulsatility index and resistance index of the cranial and caudal prostatic arteries. No statistical differences were found between right and left testes, Discussion: Until the present, there are no studies about normal prostatic size in Boxer dogs, mainly using animals within the same group and homogeneous weight. The volume determination is positively correlated to animal weight and it can represent testes development. The prostatic and testicular ultrasound patterns were similar to those already described. The doppler signal could be accurately detect in all studied vessels. The decrease in the vessel diameter collaborates to doppler variation measured by pixels. However, the absence of change in PSV and EDV occurred because there were no changes in cardiac acceleration speed. The presence of a notch is supposed to be due to the difference between subcapsular and parenchymal diameters. The two-dimensional ultrasound associated to Doppler ultrasound may serve as an additional tool in assessing reproductive dogs and that the location of both prostatic and testicular arteries will influence the results.

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Este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes com o objetivo geral de caracterizar e mensurar a próstata e os testículos da raça Boxer e Buldogue Francês por meio da ultrassonografia bidimensional e Doppler. Na primeira parte foram utilizados 33 cães da raça Buldogue Francês saudáveis, sendo estes divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: grupo 1 de 8 meses a 19 meses; grupo 2 de 24 a 36 meses e grupo 3 de 48 a 72 meses. Foram avaliados ultrassonograficamente uma única vez para as características ultrassonográficas, mensuração prostática e características Doppler colorido e espectral. Foi observada uma alta correlação positiva entre a idade e o volume prostático. Os parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos diferiram de acordo com a localização avaliada da artéria prostática. E foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os grupos 1 e 3. Na segunda parte, foram avaliados ultrassonograficamente a próstata e os testículos de 5 cães da raça Boxer de 4 a 7 anos saudáveis. Foi empregada a mesma metodologia do trabalho 1, acrescentando a avaliação testicular para os mesmos parâmetros. A próstata e os testículos direito e esquerdo apresentaram um volume médio de 18,20 0,14; 10,89 0,27 e 10,70 0,41, respectivamente. Os parâmetros Doppler colorido e espectral diferiram em todas as localizações de ambos os vasos, exceto quanto aos valores das velocidades de pico sistólico e diastólica final em todas as localizações da artéria prostática e os índices de pulsatilidade e resistência das localizações cranial e caudal da artéria prostática. Não foi encontrado diferença estatística nos dados avaliados entre o testículo direito e esquerdo. Conclui-se que a ultrassonografia bidimensional associada a Doppler pode servir como uma ferramenta a mais na avaliação reprodutiva de cães e que a localização, tanto da artéria prostática, como testicular irão influenciar os resultados encontrados. Além disso, a idade é uma variável importante na avaliação prostática. Desta forma, estudos adicionais devem ser realizados com o intuito de entender o comportamento das efermidades prostáticas e assim poder se utilizar desta técnica.

This study was divided into two parts with the overall objective of characterizing and measuring the prostate and testes Boxer and French Bulldog through two-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound. In the first part we used 33 dogs breed healthy French Bulldog, which are divided into 3 groups according to age: group 1 from 8 months to 19 months, group 2 of 24 to 36 months and group 3 of 48 to 72 months Were evaluated sonographically once for the sonographic features, prostatic measurement, color and spectral Doppler features. We observed a high positive correlation between age and prostate volume. The Doppler parameters differ according to the location evaluated prostatic artery. And statistical difference was found between groups 1 and 3. In the second part, were evaluated sonographically the prostate and testes of 5 Boxer dogs 4-7 healthy years. The same methodology was employed labor 1, adding testicular evaluation for the same parameters. The prostate and testicles right and left had an average volume of 18.20 0.14, 10.89 0.27 and 10.70 0.41, respectively. The color and spectral Doppler parameters differed in all locations from both vessels, except for the values of peak systolic velocity and end diastolic in all locations prostatic artery and the pulsatility and resistance indices of the locations cranial and caudal artery prostatic. No statistical difference was found in the data evaluated between right and left testicle. We conclude that the associated two-dimensional ultrasound Doppler can serve as an additional tool in assessing reproductive dogs and that the location of both the artery prostate, testicular as will influence the results. In addition, age is an important variable in assessing prostate. Thus, further studies should be conducted in order to understand the behavior of prostate efermidades and thus able to use this technique

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A ultrassonografia bi-dimensional vem sendo utilizada para avaliação do trato reprodutor de cães e gatos há muito tempo. Mais recentemente, o Doppler surgiu como mais uma ferramenta para auxiliar no monitoramento de gestação, caracterizar os vasos em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, bem como para avaliar a vascularização da próstata e dos testículos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pequena revisão é traçar um panorama do uso da ultrassonografia bidimensional e do Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutivo de pequenos animais.

Two-dimensional ultrasonography has been used for assessment of reproductive tract of dogs and cats for a long time. More recently, the Doppler emerged as another tool to assist in the monitoring of pregnancy, to characterize the vascular circulation in different phases of estrous cycle, as well as to evaluate the testicular and prostatic vasculature. In this way, the purpose of this little review is to draw a panorama using the two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler studies for evaluation of the reproductive tract of small animals.

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A ultrassonografia bi-dimensional vem sendo utilizada para avaliação do trato reprodutor de cães e gatos há muito tempo. Mais recentemente, o Doppler surgiu como mais uma ferramenta para auxiliar no monitoramento de gestação, caracterizar os vasos em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, bem como para avaliar a vascularização da próstata e dos testículos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pequena revisão é traçar um panorama do uso da ultrassonografia bidimensional e do Doppler para avaliação do trato reprodutivo de pequenos animais.(AU)

Two-dimensional ultrasonography has been used for assessment of reproductive tract of dogs and cats for a long time. More recently, the Doppler emerged as another tool to assist in the monitoring of pregnancy, to characterize the vascular circulation in different phases of estrous cycle, as well as to evaluate the testicular and prostatic vasculature. In this way, the purpose of this little review is to draw a panorama using the two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler studies for evaluation of the reproductive tract of small animals.(AU)

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