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The aims of the present study are to investigate the magnitude and direction of the elbow torque asymmetries in manual wheelchair users and to verify the agreement levels of the asymmetry's direction between different velocities and contraction modes in the isokinetic test. The sample was composed of 14 manual wheelchair users (four women, 10 men). The peak torque of the elbow flexors and extensors were measured on the dominant and non-dominant limbs, using a set of concentric/eccentric contractions at speeds of 60°â€…s-1 and 180°â€…s-1. Asymmetries were calculated by a specific equation, and the levels of agreement of the asymmetry's direction were calculated using Kappa coefficient. The main results showed a large variability in the magnitude of the asymmetries, ranging from -73.1% (ND) to 59.9% (D) between participants. The agreement levels of the elbow flexors and extensors between the different contraction modes were great (k = 0.71-0.85) for most of the velocities [except for flexors of 60°â€…s-1 (k = 0.29)], but the agreement levels were only slight to fair (k = 0.16-0.31) for most of the contraction modes when comparing between velocities [except for flexors eccentric (k = 0.71)]. In conclusion, the elbow torque asymmetries are highly variable between subjects in terms of magnitude. In addition, in general, the limb favored by the asymmetry is the same when comparing between velocities, but not when comparing between contraction modes.

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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, with a significant number of survivors who have experienced moderate to severe clinical conditions and who have suffered losses of great magnitude, especially in functional capacity, triggering limitations to daily autonomy and quality of life. Among the possibilities of intervention for disease rehabilitation, physical exercise training stands out, which can benefit several health outcomes and favours the adoption of healthier behaviours. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to analyse the effects of physical training on the functional, clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial status in adults and the elderly following COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A randomised controlled clinical trial is to be conducted in parallel, with the experimental group undergoing an intervention involving a multicomponent physical rehabilitation programme, carried out at the Sports Center in partnership with the Academic Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, in Florianópolis, Brazil. Participants will be adults and the elderly, of both sexes, in a post-COVID-19-infection state, who were hospitalised during the infection. The intervention will have a total duration of 24 weeks and will include a multicomponent physical training programme, which will have gradual progression in frequency, duration and intensity over time. Regarding the outcomes, before, at the 12th and after 24 weeks of intervention, functional (primary outcome = functional index of aerobic capacity), clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes will be assessed. DISCUSSION: This study will contribute to a greater understanding of the safety, adherence and benefits of physical training in the rehabilitation of post-COVID-19 patients. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at congresses, workshops, peer-reviewed publications and local and international conferences, especially with a view to proposing a post-COVID-19 rehabilitation care protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC, RBR-10y6jhrs . Registered on 22 February 2022. 2015.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate and correlate balance and thoracic hyperkyphosis in sedentary elderly people. Methods: 61 elderly, 14 men and 47 women, mean age of 78.03 ± 9.34, mean weight of 67.80 kg ± 12.82, and mean height of 1.58 m ± 0.09. Balance assessment was performed using the Berg Balance Scale, Romberg Test, and Functional Reach Test, and the Flexicurve method was used to detect thoracic hyperkyphosis. The correlation between the variables was performed using the Bivariate correlation test. Results: The values obtained in the tests were: Flexicurve (65.73º ± 10.57), Berg Balance Scale (44.05 points ± 7.58), Functional Reach Test (16.29 cm ± 6.36), and Romberg Test (89% positive, 11% negative). There was no correlation between the Flexicurve method and the Berg Balance Scale (r = -0.22, p = 0.08); with the Romberg Test (r = -0.08, p = 0.52); and the Functional Range Test (r = 0.13 p = 0.31). Conclusion: Thoracic hyperkyphosis did not influence the balance variables in the elderly sample studied. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test - Test of previously developed diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with "gold" reference standard applied).

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio e a hipercifose torácica de idosos sedentários. Métodos: 61 idosos, 14 homens e 47 mulheres, média de idade de 78,03 ± 9,34, peso médio de 67,80 kg ± 12,82 e altura média de 1,58 m ± 0,09. A avaliação do equilíbrio foi realizada pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, Teste de Romberg e Teste de Alcance Funcional e para a detecção de hipercifose torácica foi utilizado o método Flexicurva. A correlação entre as variáveis se deu pelo teste de correlação Bivariada. Resultados: Os valores obtidos nos testes foram: Flexicurva (65,73º ± 10,57), Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (44,14 pontos ± 7,72), Teste de Alcance Funcional (16,29 cm ± 6,36) e Teste de Romberg (89% positivo, 11% negativo). Não houve correlação do método Flexicurva com a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (r = -0,22, p = 0,08); com o Teste de Romberg (r = -0,08, p = 0,52); e com o Teste de Alcance Funcional (r = 0,13 p = 0,31). Conclusão: A hipercifose torácica não gerou influência sobre as variáveis de equilíbrio na amostra de idosos estudada. Nível de evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico - Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvidos anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar y correlacionar el equilibrio y la hipercifosis torácica en ancianos sedentarios. Métodos: 61 ancianos, 14 hombres y 47 mujeres, edad media 78,03 ± 9,34, peso medio 67,80 kg ± 12,82 y altura media 1,58 m ± 0,09. La evaluación del equilibrio se realizó mediante la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg, el Test de Romberg y el Test de Alcance Funcional, y para la detección de hipercifosis torácica se utilizó el método Flexicurvo. La correlación entre las variables se realizó mediante la prueba de correlación Bivariada. Resultados: Los valores obtenidos en las pruebas fueron: Flexicurvo (65, 73º ± 10,57), Escala de Equilibrio de Berg (44,05 puntos ± 7,58), Test de Alcance Funcional (16,29 cm ± 6,36) y Test de Romberg (89% positivo, 11% negativo). No hubo correlación entre el método Flexicurvo y la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg (r = -0,22, p = 0,08); con el Test de Romberg (r = -0.08, p = 0.52); y con el Test de Alcance Funcional (r = 0,13 p = 0,31). Conclusión: La hipercifosis torácica no influyó en las variables del equilibrio en la muestra de ancianos estudiada. Nivel de evidencia: I; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de una prueba diagnóstica - Prueba de criterios diagnósticos previamente desarrollados en pacientes consecutivos (con la aplicación del estándar "oro").

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Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the data reliability of muscle architecture (MA) variables, and the relationship between MA and the isometric peak torque (PT) of the monoarticular and biarticular knee extensor (KE) muscle in physically inactive women. Methods: Ten physically inactive women (24.0 ± 1.64 years; 162.9 ± 5.34 cm; 63.5 ± 11.90 kg) participated in the study. An ultrasound device assessed the MA variables (muscle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle) of the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF), and an isokinetic dynamometer assessed the PT. Pearson correlation evaluated the relationship between PT and MA variables, with a significance level of 5%. Additionally, the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and standard error of measurement. Results: Excellent reliability between images was observed, and no significant relationships were observed between the PT and MA variables of the VL and RF. Conclusion: Isolated variables of the MA of a monoarticular or a biarticular muscle do not influence the production of the isometric PT of the KE.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dioecy has evolved up to 5000 times in angiosperms, despite the potentially high intrinsic costs to unisexuality. Dioecy prevents inbreeding, which is especially relevant on isolated islands when gene pools are small. Dioecy is also associated with certain dispersal traits, such as fruit size and type. However, the influence of dioecy on other life history traits and island distribution remains poorly understood. Here, we test the effect of dioecy on palm (Arecaceae) speciation rates, fruit size and frequency on islands. METHODS: We used phylogenetic comparative methods to estimate the ancestral state of the sexual system and its impact on speciation rates and fruit size. Frequency of sexual systems, effect of insularity on the probability of being dioecious, and phylogenetic clustering of island dioecious vs. mainland species were inferred. Lastly, we determined the interplay of insularity and sexual system on speciation rates. KEY RESULTS: Palms repeatedly evolved different sexual systems (dioecy, monoecy and polygamy) from a hermaphrodite origin. Differences in speciation rates and fruit size among the different sexual systems were not identified. An effect of islands on the probability of the palms being dioecious was also not found. However, we found a high frequency and phylogenetic clustering of dioecious palms on islands, which were not correlated with higher speciation rates. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency and phylogenetic clustering may be the result of in situ radiation and suggest an 'island effect' for dioecious palms, which was not explained by differential speciation rates. This island effect also cannot be attributed to long-distance dispersal due to the lack of fruit size difference among sexual systems, and particularly because palm dispersal to islands is highly constrained by the interaction between the sizes of fruit and frugivores. Taken together, we suggest that trait flexibility in sexual system evolution and the in situ radiation of dioecious lineages are the underlying causes of the outstanding distribution of palms on islands.

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Isolated islands, due to the reduced interspecific competition compared to mainland habitats, present ecological opportunities for colonizing lineages. As a consequence, island lineages may be expected to experience higher rates of trait evolution than mainland lineages. However, island effects on key life-history traits of vascular plants remain underexplored at broad spatiotemporal scales, even for emblematic island clades such as palms. Here, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to evaluate potential differences in size and macroevolutionary patterns of height and fruit diameter among mainland, continental, and volcanic island palms. Further, phylogenetic beta-diversity was used to determine if lineage turnover supported an adaptive radiation scenario on volcanic islands. Volcanic island palms were taller than their continental island and mainland counterparts, whereas continental island palms exhibited smaller fruit size. Height and fruit size of palms evolved under evolutionary constraints towards an optimal value. However, scenarios of adaptive radiation and niche conservatism were not supported for the height and fruit size of volcanic and mainland palm clades, respectively, as expected. Instead, continental island palms exhibited higher evolutionary rates for height and fruit size. Insular palm assemblages (continental and volcanic) are composed of unique lineages. Beyond representing evolutionary sources of new palm lineages, our results demonstrate that insular habitats are important in shaping palm trait diversity. Also, the higher phenotypic evolutionary rates of continental island palms suggest disparate selection pressures on this habitat type, which can be an important driver of trait diversification over time. Taken together, these results stress the importance of insular habitats for conservation of functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic diversity of palms.

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AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for 21 of 34 original Mat Pilates (MP) exercises, to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and energy expenditure (EE) of a MP session. METHODS: Ten participants volunteered (26.30 ±â€¯3.98 yrs) to measure the intensity of each exercise; HR and RPE were monitored immediately after the end of each exercise. VO2maxwas estimated using the Astrand-Ryhming step submaximal test, and EE by a linear regression equation. HR and RPE mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each exercise. RESULTS: The maximum value for each participant normalized the EE and VO2max values, which were ranked from highest to lowest. The percentage of the mean values of HRmax and RPEmax in each exercise showed significant, strong and positive correlation (p = 0.82; p = 0.001). In 10 exercises, HR was 60% higher than HRmax. The mean values of EE and VO2max were 213.71 ±â€¯(76.41) Kcal and 34.69 ml (Kg.min)-1 (±3.5), respectively, for the entire MP session. Half of the exercises achieved moderate intensity in HR with low estimated VO2max during the whole MP session. However, if the MP session of this study was practiced five times per week, it would meet the weekly American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) EE recommendations. CONCLUSION: The 21 MP exercises monitored in this study promote considerably acute and high increments in HR and RPE.

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Objective: Analyze and compare the lifestyle of public transport drivers and fare collectors. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 88 bus drivers and 75 fare collectors from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. To determine the domain scores (nutrition, physical activity, preventive behavior, social relationship and stress control), the Individual Lifestyle Profile questionnaire and anamnesis were applied. Data collection took place from September to October 2016. The maximum significance level assumed was 5% (p≤0.05). Chi-square test was used to assess the association between responses and job function, and T-test for independent samples was used to compare variables between groups. Results: There was a statistical difference (p>0.001) between bus drivers and fare collectors for age (40,36±8,55; 31,30 ± 8,68 years), time in function (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 years) and time in the transport company (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 years) and there was no association between the answers of the questions and the function performed (p>0.05). Considering the five domains, the workers showed negative behavior for nutrition (p=0.68) and physical activity (p=0.50), and regular behavior for preventive behavior (p=0.09), social relationships (p=0.45) and stress control (p=0.98), without significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Comparing bus drivers and fare collectors, it is noteworthy that there are differences in age, time in function and time in the company, but not in lifestyle and the public transport workers have a negative lifestyle profile in nutrition and physical activity.

Objetivo: Analisar e comparar o estilo de vida dos motoristas e cobradores de tarifa do transporte público. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, com 88 motoristas de ônibus e 75 cobradores de tarifa de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para determinar os escores dos domínios (nutrição, atividade física, comportamento preventivo, relacionamento social e controle do estresse) aplicou-se o questionário Perfil Individual do Estilo de Vida e anamnese. A coleta de dados decorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2016. Considerou-se o nível de significância máximo assumido 5% (p≤0,05) e usou-se o teste qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre as respostas e a função do trabalho, e teste T para amostras independentes para comparar as variáveis entre os grupos. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística (p>0,001) entre motoristas de ônibus e cobradores de tarifa para: idade (40,36±8,55; 31,30±8,68 anos), tempo na função (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 anos) e tempo na empresa (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 anos), e não houve associação das respostas das perguntas com a função desempenhada (p>0,05). Considerando os cinco domínios, os trabalhadores apresentaram comportamento negativo para nutrição (p=0,68) e atividade física (p=0,50), e comportamento regular para comportamento preventivo (p=0,09), relações sociais (p=0,45) e controle de estresse (p=0,98), sem diferenças significativas entre grupos. Conclusão: Comparando-se os motoristas de ônibus e os cobradores de tarifa investigados, destaca-se que há diferenças na idade, no tempo na função e no tempo na empresa, mas não no estilo de vida, e que trabalhadores do transporte público possuem um perfil de estilo de vida negativo nos domínios de nutrição e atividade física.

Objetivo: Analizar y comparar el estilo de vida de los conductores y cobradores de tasas del transporte público. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal con 88 conductores de autobuses y 75 cobradores de tarifa de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se aplicó el cuestionario Perfil Individual del Estilo de Vida y anamnesis para determinar las puntuaciones de los dominios (nutrición, actividad física, conducta de prevención, relacionamiento social y el control del estrés). La recogida de datos se dio entre septiembre y octubre de 2016. Se ha considerado el nivel de significancia máximo del 5% (p≤0,05) y se ha utilizado la prueba de chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación entre las respuestas y la función del trabajo, la prueba T para muestras independientes para comparar las variables entre los grupos. Resultados: Hubo diferencia estadística (p>0,001) entre los conductores de autobús y los cobradores de tarifa para: edad (40,36±8,55; 31,30±8,68 años), tiempo de función (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 años) y tempo en la empresa (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 años) y no hubo asociación entre las respuestas de las preguntas y la función realizada (p>0,05). Considerándose los cinco dominios, los trabajadores presentaron conducta negativa para nutrición (p=0,68) y actividad física (p=0,50), y conducta regular para la conducta de prevención (p=0,09), las relaciones sociales (p=0,45) y el control del estrés (p=0,98), sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusión: Comparándose los conductores de autobús y los cobradores de tarifa investigados, destacase que hay diferencias en la edad, en el tempo de función y en el tiempo de empresa pero no en el estilo de vida, y que los trabajadores del transporte público tiene un perfil de estilo de vida negativo para los dominios nutrición y actividad física.

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Environmental and geographical variables are known drivers of community assembly, however their influence on phylogenetic structure and phylogenetic beta diversity of lineages within different bioregions is not well-understood. Using Neotropical palms as a model, we investigate how environmental and geographical variables affect the assembly of lineages into bioregions across an evolutionary time scale. We also determine lineage shifts between tropical (TRF) and non-tropical (non-TRF) forests. Our results identify that distance and area explain phylogenetic dissimilarity among bioregions. Lineages in smaller bioregions are a subset of larger bioregions and contribute significantly to the nestedness component of phylogenetic dissimilarity, here interpreted as evidence for a bioregional shift. We found a significant tendency of habitat shifts occurring preferentially between TRF and non-TRF bioregions (31 shifts) than from non-TRF to TRF (24) or from TRF to TRF (11) and non-TRF to non-TRF (9). Our results also present cases where low dissimilarity is found between TRF and non-TRF bioregions. Most bioregions showed phylogenetic clustering and larger bioregions tended to be more clustered than smaller ones, with a higher species turnover component of phylogenetic dissimilarity. However, phylogenetic structure did not differ between TRF and non-TRF bioregions and diversification rates were higher in only two lineages, Attaleinae and Bactridinae, which are widespread and overabundant in both TRF and non-TRF bioregions. Area and distance significantly affected Neotropical palm community assembly and contributed more than environmental variables. Despite palms being emblematic humid forest elements, we found multiple shifts from humid to dry bioregions, showing that palms are also important components of these environments.

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In Brazil, the evidence indicates a high prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image (BI) among adult women. Studies show that gym goers have characteristics that differ from other populations. Specif-ically, women who practice strength training (ST) exhibit intense concern about well-being, which presents as strong self-criticism of the body. This group of women are typically in search for an ideal body pattern stipulated by society. The purpose of the present study was to identify in the women the perception with BI, classify then as satisfied or dissatisfied, and association this information whit age group, anthropometric indicators (body mass index and perimeter of waist), and variables related to the practice of ST (purpose and time of the practice). The sample group consisted of 77 women aged 20 to 54 years (29.83 ± 9.75) who practiced ST. For the assessment of BI, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used in addition to a questionnaire around the other variables. A descriptive analysis was used, chi-squared test and Fisher's Exact test were adopted at a significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated that among all participants, 87.0% were satisfaction with BI. It was found association direct with the dissatisfaction of BI with the purpose of the practice of ST (p = 0.031) and with the practice time (p = 0.030). Were found, in which the women less satisfied with their BI were those who trained for body mass control and practiced ST for more than 6 months. The other variables did not show significant associations with BI. It is concluded that the women who practice ST have shown a positive perception regarding their body image, associated to the objective and the time of the practice

No Brasil, evidências indicam uma elevada prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IC) entre as mulheres adultas. Estudos mostram que frequentadores de academias têm características que o diferem de ou-tras populações. As mulheres praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) demonstram preocupação intensa com o bem-estar e forte autocrítica em relação ao corpo. Essas mulheres tendem a buscar o padrão ideal estipulado pela sociedade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar em mulheres praticantes de TF a percepção da IC, classificá-lo como satisfeita ou insatisfeita, e associar com a idade, indicadores antropométricos (índice de massar corporal e circunferência da cintura) e variáveis relacionadas ao TF (objetivos da prática e tempo de prática). Participaram do estudo 77 mulheres de 20 a 54 anos (29,83 ± 9,75). Para a avaliação da IC uti-lizou-se o Body Shape Questionaire (BSQ) e um questionário para as demais variáveis. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, o teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Os resultados demonstraram que dentre as participantes, 87,0% estavam satisfeitas com a IC. Foram encontradas associações diretas da insatisfação da IC com o ob-jetivo (p = 0,031) e com o tempo da prática (p = 0,030). As mulheres menos satisfeitas com a sua IC eram as que treinavam com o objetivo de controle da massa corporal e praticavam TF há mais de 6 meses. As demais variáveis não demonstraram associações significativas com a IC. Conclui-se que as mulheres praticantes do TF demonstraram ter uma percepção positiva com relação a sua imagem corporal, associada ao objetivo e ao tempo da prática

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Evolutionary success, as demonstrated by high abundance and a wide geographical range, is related to genetic variation and historical demography. Here we assess how climatic change during the Quaternary influenced the demography and distribution of the Neotropical swamp palm Mauritia flexuosa. Using microsatellite loci and coalescent analyses we examined how demographical dynamics affected genetic diversity, effective population size and connectivity through time and space. Mauritia flexuosa presents significant genetic differentiation between the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes and among different river basins. Amazonian lineages are ancient compared to lineages from the Cerrado, a pattern corroborated using the fossil pollen record, where the species was absent from the Cerrado during the cold and dry periods of the last glacial cycles, then returned during the wet, interglacial phases. Coalescent simulations show that the pattern of observed genetic diversity for M. flexuosa is most likely due to a range retraction during the Last Glacial Maximum, leading to multiple refugia and resulting in high differentiation between Amazonian and Cerrado biomes. Isolation-by-distance and by-environment also shaped the distribution and evolutionary success of M. flexuosa. Our study provides new insights into the historical factors that affected geographical distribution and structure genetic diversity, contributing to long-term evolutionary success.

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BACKGROUND: Accuracy is essential to the validity of functional capacity measurements. AIM: To evaluate the error of measurement of functional capacity tests for elders and suggest the use of the technical error of measurement and credibility coefficient. METHODS: Twenty elders (65.8 ± 4.5 years) completed six functional capacity tests that were simultaneously filmed and timed by four evaluators by means of a chronometer. A fifth evaluator timed the tests by analyzing the videos (reference data). RESULTS: The means of most evaluators for most tests were different from the reference (p < 0.05), except for two evaluators for two different tests. There were different technical error of measurement between tests and evaluators. The Bland-Altman test showed difference in the concordance of the results between methods. Short duration tests showed higher technical error of measurement than longer tests. In summary, tests timed by a chronometer underestimate the real results of the functional capacity. DISCUSSION: Difference between evaluators' reaction time and perception to determine the start and the end of the tests would justify the errors of measurement. CONCLUSION: Calculation of the technical error of measurement or the use of the camera can increase data validity.

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Abstract Introduction Dizziness is a symptom that can lead to falls, which, in turn, undermine oné s independence and autonomy, leading to several comorbidities. The practice of physical exercise, however, can help prevent falls. Objective The objective of this study is to confirm the association between physical exercise, dizziness, probability of falling, and depressive symptoms in a group of middleaged adults and seniors. Methods The authors evaluated subjects based on history, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and functional reach test. Results The sample consisted of 90 individuals with a mean age of 69.3 6.8 years. The authors found that 37.8% had been practicing exercise, 33.7% had depressive symptoms, and their probability of falling was above average in the functional reach test. Conclusion The results of this study indicated an association between dizziness, exercise practice and depressive symptoms, indicating that physical activity is a beneficial factor for the aging population.

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A ginástica, enquanto manifestação da cultura corporal e conteúdo fundamental da Educação Física vêm, ao longo dos anos, perdendo espaço nas aulas de Educação Física escolar no Brasil, e ascendendo nas academias de ginástica. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo gerar reflexões em relação à ginástica no ambiente escolar e nas academias de ginástica, buscando explicações para estes rumos indesejados seguidos em nosso país. É preocupante o fato da Educação Física escolar brasileira restringir seu conteúdo ao esporte, deixando de lado a ginástica e outros temas da cultura corporal. É também incômodo o vínculo da ginástica de academia com o consumo característico da sociedade atual. Percebe-se a urgência em se ampliar a aborgagem dos conteúdos da ginástica nos cursos de formação inicial em Educação Física, possibilitando a incorporação dos conhecimentos necessários para desenvolver com qualidade e segurança o trabalho de ginástica, independentemente do contexto em que é desenvolvido.

As a manifestation of physical culture and essential content of physical education courses, Gymnastics has been extinguished from lessons of Physical Education in Brazil, and has been ascending in the gyms. This study aims to reflect about Gymnastics in schools and gyms, seeking explanations for these unwanted directions taken Brazil. It is worrying the fact that Physical Education in Brazilian schools have its lessons based mainly in sports, leaving aside other issues of body culture. It is also uncomfortable the bond of fitness center with the characteristic of the current consumption society. We realize the urgency of expanding the content of gymnastics in Physical Education undergraduate courses, enabling the incorporation of knowledge necessary to develop gymnastics content, regardless its place where it is developed.

La gimnasia, como manifestación de la cultura corporal y contenido fundamental de la Educación Física, viene perdiendo espacio en las clases de Educación Física escolar en el Brasil y creciendo en los gimnasios. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo generar reflexiones con relación a la gimnasia en el ambiente escolar y los gimnasios, buscando explicaciones para estos rumbos indeseados tomados en Brasil. Es preocupante el hecho que la Educación Física escolar brasilera restrinja su contenido al deporte, dejando de lado la gimnasia y otros temas como la cultura corporal. Es también incómodo el vínculo de la gimnasia practicada en los gimnasios con el consumo que caracteriza a la sociedad actual. Se percibe la urgencia de ampliar el abordaje de los contenidos de gimnasia en los cursos de formación inicial de Educación Física, posibilitando incorporar los conocimientos necesarios para desarrollar con claridad y seguridad el trabajo de la gimnasia, independientemente del contexto.

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Introduction Dizziness is a symptom that can lead to falls, which, in turn, undermine onés independence and autonomy, leading to several comorbidities. The practice of physical exercise, however, can help prevent falls. Objective The objective of this study is to confirm the association between physical exercise, dizziness, probability of falling, and depressive symptoms in a group of middle-aged adults and seniors. Methods The authors evaluated subjects based on history, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and functional reach test. Results The sample consisted of 90 individuals with a mean age of 69.3 ± 6.8 years. The authors found that 37.8% had been practicing exercise, 33.7% had depressive symptoms, and their probability of falling was above average in the functional reach test. Conclusion The results of this study indicated an association between dizziness, exercise practice and depressive symptoms, indicating that physical activity is a beneficial factor for the aging population.

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BACKGROUND: Different limb training demands and limb preference may determine anthropometric and muscle force inter-limb asymmetries in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of lateral preference of the lower extremity on anthropometric, range of motion, and isokinetic torque measurements of RG athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS: Lower limb anthropometric measurements (girth, estimated anatomical cross-sectional area), hip, knee and ankle range of motion, flexor and extensor isokinetic torques (angular velocities = 60, 180, e 240 °·s(-1)) and bilateral asymmetry index were evaluated in 11 international level Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes (17.9 ± 4.0 years of age; 9.1 ± 5,1 years of experience; 26.8 ± 6.0 weekly training hours). RESULTS: The preferred limb showed larger thigh girth and anatomical cross-sectional area, higher ankle dorsiflexor range of motion, higher hip flexor torque at 60 °·s(-1) and higher plantarflexor torque at 180 °·s(-1) compared to the non-preferred limb. CONCLUSIONS: The observed differences seem to be strictly related to lateral preference and rhythmic gymnastics training. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: 3.

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O objetivo do estudo foi comparar características sociodemográficas, percepção de uso dos equipamentos e prática de atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) entre frequentadores de duas Academias ao Ar Livre (AAL), em Florianópolis (SC), 2013. Entrevista estruturada foi realizada com 217 usuários (58,7% mulheres), com idade média de 50,2 (±0,9) anos, que estivessem utilizando as AAL durante o período de coleta. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para comparar características sociodemográficas, percepção de uso dos equipamentos e AFMV (≥ 150 minutos/semana), entre as AAL. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os usuários das AAL quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas (p>0,05). Quanto ao uso dos equipamentos, 31,3% dos usuários não sabiam utilizar os aparelhos, 16% deles relataram sentir desconfortos durante o uso, 23% relataram ter recebido instrução durante a prática e 69% afirmaram necessitar de instrução para realizar exercício. Diferenças estatísticas não foram encontradas entre o uso de equipamentos e as AAL (p>0,05). Quando analisada a AFMV, percebeu-se que 73% dos usuários atingiram 150 minutos ou mais, sendo que 19% deles atingiram esse tempo utilizando apenas as AAL para praticar AFMV. A proporção de prática de AFMV total e nas AAL não diferiu entre os locais estudados (p=0,374 e p=0,495, respectivamente). Entretanto, usuários da AAL do Córrego Grande relataram maior frequência semanal de ida às AAL (p=0,036), quando comparados aos usuários de Coqueiros. Conclui-se que os frequentadores das duas AAL apresentam características sociodemográficas, de uso dos equipamentos e de prática de AFMV bastante semelhantes, exceto quanto à frequência de uso das academias.

The aim of the study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics, perception of the equipment and physical activity levels between users of two Open Fitness Zones (AAL) in Florianopolis (SC). A structured interview was applied with 217 users (58,7% women) with mean age of 50.2 (±0,9) years that were using AAL during the study. Chi-squared tests were used to compare sociodemographic variables, perception of the equipment and PA levels between the AAL. No differences were observed between users from different AAL regarding sociodemographic characteristics. As for the perception of the equipment, 31,3% of the interviewed did not know how to use the equipment, 16% reported discomforts while using the equipment, 23% reported having received instruction during practice and 69% reported the need of instruction to exercise. No statistical differences were found between the perception of the equipment between AAL (p>0,05). When MVPA was analyzed, we perceived that 73% of the users achieved 150 minutes or more, and 19% achieved that goal using only the equipment from AAL. The proportions of total MVPA and MVPA in the AAL did not differ between sites (p=0.374 and p=0.495, respectively). However, users in Corrego Grande reported a greater weekly frequency of using the AAL (p=0.036) when compared to users from Coqueiros. Thus concludes that the users from two AAL showed similar sociodemographic profiles, equipment usage variables and had similar physical activity practice and only the weekly frequency of use of the AAL was different between sites.

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RESUMO

Abstract This is a descriptive and quantitative national survey aimed at presenting Health Education practices (HE) developed by Physical Education professionals working at NASF in Brazil. Overall, 296 professionals participated in this study, stratified by Brazilian regions and NASF groupings. Electronic interviews were conducted regarding the activities developed at the unity where each NASF professional worked. The main activities reported were gymnastics (40.1%), and walking (29.4%), having as their priority public elderly people (68.8%), groups of hypertensive and diabetic patients (30.9%) and young people (48.3%), respectively. The most discussed topics in lectures and orientations was the importance of physical activity (51.4%) and the second most cited was the prevention/treatment of comorbities (32.3%). The community spaces most utilized by Physical Education professionals to develop activities were: public squares, community centers and schools in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil, and religious entities in the northeastern and Midwestern regions. In conclusion, in spite of the diversity of activities developed in different regions of Brazil, there is predominance of traditional Physical Education contents, which reflect the need of permanent education of such professionals to improve the quality of services offered to the community.

Resumo Estudo de levantamento nacional descritivo e quantitativo que visa apresentar as práticas de Educação em Saúde (ES) desenvolvidas pelos Profissionais de Educação Física do NASF no Brasil. Participou uma amostra representativa de 296 profissionais, estratificada pelas regiões brasileiras e modalidades de NASF. Foi realizada uma entrevista telefônica sobre a caracterização das atividades de ES desenvolvidas no NASF nas quais o profissional atuava. As principais atividades referidas foram ginástica (40,1%) e caminhada (29,4%), tendo como público participante prioritário os idosos (68,8%), grupos de hipertensos e diabéticos (30,9%) e os jovens (48,3%), respectivamente. O primeiro tema mais abordado nas palestras e orientações em saúde foi sobre a importância da atividade física (51,4%) e o segundo mais citado foi prevenção/tratamento de comorbidades (32,3%). Os espaços comunitários mais utilizados pelo Profissional de Educação Física, além da Unidade de Saúde da Família, para realização das atividades de ES foram: praças, centros comunitários e escolas, nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, e entidades religiosas no Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Conclui-se que, apesar da diversidade das ações promovidas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, há uma predominância de atividades baseadas nos conteúdos tradicionais da Educação Física, refletindo a necessidade de educação permanente dos profissionais para potencializar a oferta de serviços à comunidade.

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 9 weeks of the “FIFA 11+” warm-up program on vertical jump performance in soccer players. The study included 20 athletes of the Under-20 category from a Brazilian championship serie A team (age: 18.3±1.6 years; years of training: 8.2±1.3; body weight: 74.0±7.1 kg, height: 177.8±6.5 cm, and fat percentage: 10.7±1.9%), divided into an intervention group (G11+; n=10) and a control group (CG; n=10). The athletes were evaluated before and after the intervention regarding countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performed on a force platform. The maximum jump height was considered for data analysis. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to verify the main time vs. group effects. Both groups underwent the same training routine (physical, technical, and tactical) and only differed in terms of the proposed warm-up, which was performed three times per week in G11+. No significant difference in jump performance was observed in CG, while G11+ showed significant improvement in both types of jumps (CMJ: F=26.23, p<0.01; %change=11.3; SJ: F=23.16, p<0.01, %change=9.8). In conclusion, 9 weeks of intervention with the “FIFA 11+” warm-up program during routine training promoted significant improvement in jump performance.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do treinamento de nove semanas de um programa de aquecimento “FIFA 11+” na performance de saltos verticais (SV) de jogadores de futebol. Participaram do estudo 20 atletas da categoria sub-20 de uma equipe da série A do campeonato brasileiro (idade: 18,3 ± 1,6 anos; tempo de prática 8,2 ± 1,3 anos; massa corporal de 74,0 ± 7,1 kg; estatura 177,8 ± 6,5 cm e percentual de gordura 10,7 ± 1,9 %), separados em grupo intervenção (G11+; n=10) e grupo controle (GC; n=10). Os Atletas foram avaliados antes (Pré) e após (Pós) a intervenção por meio dos saltos Countermoviment Jump (CMJ) e Squat Jump (SJ), realizados em uma plataforma de força, sendo os valores máximos da altura dos saltos adotados para análise. Foi realizada uma ANOVA modelo-misto para verificar os possíveis efeitos tempo x grupo. Nível de significância adotado de p < 0,05. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à mesma rotina de treinamento (físico, técnico e tático), diferindo apenas o aquecimento proposto, que foi realizado três vezes por semana para o G11+. O GC não apresentou alteração significativa na performance dos saltos, porém o G11+ apresentou melhora significativa para ambos os tipos de saltos (CMJ: F= 26,23, p<0,01; %mudança= 11,3; SJ: F= 23,16, p<0,01, %mudança= 9,8). Desta forma, as nove semanas de intervenção com o programa de aquecimento “FIFA 11+” na rotina de treinamento promoveu um aumento significativo no desempenho dos saltos.

RESUMO

Objetivando analisar o lazer e a participação de homens em cinco Grupos de Convivência para Idosos (GCI) de Florianópolis (SC), quanto aos motivos de ingresso e permanência, às relações interpessoais que estabelecem, e aos significados que eles atribuem a sua participação, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória e qualitativa. Participaram 38 homens. Utilizaram-se entrevistas e observações. Os homens buscam os GCI para preencher o tempo com atividades de lazer e relações sociais. Os motivos de permanência centraram-se nas amizades. Múltiplos significados foram atribuídos à participação nos GCI.

This survey was carried out in order to analyze leisure and participation of older men in five Elderly Groups of Florianópolis (SC). Issues of Elderly men entrance, remain, established relationships with other group members, and the meaning they give to their participation were evaluated. Thirty eight men participated in the study. Interviews and remaining were focused on friendships. Multiple meanings were attributed to participation in the groups.

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